 We will try to cover the second unit that is one introduction to GIS see maps It's very simple. Just I'll let me some summer as quickly. What is the map difference? Please go through types of maps you have to go through what kind of projections we have All right projections two types of main projections and come to the azimuthal and the different projections which are given Just go through it. These are the main things and map components and types of maps Sorry types of maps which are very important like starting from carousel map, political map, thematic map, navigation maps like that No and difference map. These are all what kind of map what map indicating what just go through that's all about first unit Come to the second unit now introduction to GIS GIS is a geographical information system Right full-form is geographical information system or geographic information system There are different names being given For full-form of the GIS, right? These are the learning objectives in our reading materials What is GIS types, etc? GIS is a both science and arts or you can say it's a technology Which? Discipline and applied problem solving methodology, right? It will also help you to discuss the web GIS and its application Full form of GIS is geographical information system as I said Sometimes people used to tell geographic Information system geographical information system, right different names being called but full-form basically geographical information system when you write about the GIS So this is a very important slide for as a learner the components of GIS basic components of GIS is very important. There are four components. We have under GIS If anyone want to work with the GIS system, you should have you should know you should have these four components If you want to work with GIS, you have a four component mandatory if you want to work with the GIS system Under this first and foremost component will be computer hardware. It's like a computer system or you say laptop But anything which which comes under as a hardware Nowadays along with this computer, you should have some plotter, etc. Or if you get outside You can get it print outside and all but at least you should have a computer or laptop as a hardware component. Second one will be GIS software Second component will be software. There are two types of softwares available under GIS One is commercial version and there one is open source. The commercial one like ARC GIS is the main Software which was developed by the ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute American based right, but nowadays for mapping normal projects And then even small departments all they're not going buying this ARC GIS We have second software open source software where you can download from the internet That is like QGIS you might have heard which is very popular quantum GIS QGIS This is open source one. You can just download from the internet. You can install it to any I mean Operating system it the software allows any operating system the quantum GIS software And then after having this hardware software, you should also have third component that is user People refer GIS professional basically we call manpower Right Normal not normal manpower who well trained and technical manpower who can operate this GIS software, right? Having hardware software you should have the manpower who can run the software after that You should have the data as a fourth component of the GIS Data data means we have number of data sets can be used into the GIS system Starting from toposheets Carousel map thematic data satellite imagery aerial photography GPS data DGPS data field survey Departmental data and everything can be used Because GIS allow both special and attribute. What is that? We will discuss it coming slides Spatial and non-spatial data don't know a GS may come back So these are the data sources where you can use into the GIS system So we have four basic components of geographical information system Then after having these four components first and foremost step will be in GIS Special data creation data creation karna how it can be maps Super graphical sheets aerial photographs satellite imagery GPS survey etc as a map source data source for GIS and a point line polygon basically to indicate the map or Create the map to create any special data We use point line and polygon all the geographical features all art features will be Demarcated using these three entities only right only three entities point line polygon Please remember that map entities voltage code or if they ask for special data creation What are the components can be used point point for example in the map when I use a point It may be ATM center point can be used for ATM center open well tube well Electric post different features to demarcate in the map Which is having single coordinate system point will have a single coordinate one latitude and one longitude Whereas line may be rude. Maybe irrigation canal Maybe you are anything the line having series of geographic coordinates X Y series of continuously along with the line. It will have lat long value Linear features will be demarcated in the map using line feature The polygon or area means water body is there. It is polygon It is also having a series of coordinate system, but it will close with the starting point Closed line you say closed line become polygon which will give the area For a stage to demarcate Agriculture land to demarcate water body to demarcate then use the polygon Building area suppose the KK handicopiness T the entire area if I want to make a layout Then I use this polygon. This is the KK handicopiness T So how much area will come once a demarcate in GS like this close polygon then area will come out Right are in the same university if I show the different blocks block a block B block C I use point block a block B block C In the map I demarcate as a point in the same KK handicopiness C I want to know the path a to B B to C C to D then I use a line. It's simple language I'm telling right block a to block B how I move by road then I'll make a line This is the line by road block B to block C block A B C So when we use point when we use line when we use polygon hope now you understand simply right to get an area use polygon The linear when you demarcate linear feature use a line feature and then point will be for particular Building or particular feature which have in the single coordinate single attitude and longitude system Then the data type we have two types of data basically in J system one is spital data And there one is non spital or attribute data. You can see the last Point two types of data basically used in GIS system When we use a GS software Okay, if it is road Road is a special data When you demarcate to draw in the map, it's called a spital data because it got latitude longitude Right similarly KK handicopiness is a spital data because it's there on the earth It goes latitude longitude The data which is having latitude longitude called spital data. It's good geographical data people sector We call them the name is geographical data. Otherwise, it is spital data basically in GIS language. We speak This KK handicopiness team where we draw this is spital data road is spital data But these special features will have number of attributes are not spital data Which can be linked using GIS software which can be linked with the help of GIS software. What is that? For example road It is spital data. You will have number of data sets to enter as a non spital alpha numeric name of the road type of the road Name means of national highway state highway. This is highway like that type Blacktop road, Kachar road, gravel road or council road And what is the condition of the road? What condition it is whether it is need to repay bad condition good condition And which year it was constructed who is mentioning maybe different department may maintain the road Right and how much money being spent? All this is called attribute Attributes or non spital data GIS links both and GIS software may Having both the data if you click on the particular road this data will come as a tabular form about that road What is that road? How it is who has maintained when it was created how much money being spent who is mentioning it Right. What is the length of the road? What is the width of the road will come as attributes similar way? KK handicopiness you can see is a building on the map You can see as a polygon But if I click on this KK handicopiness see you will have a number of attributes Purpose of the building is it education purpose training purpose teaching purpose Right and then in which year it was constructed How much money again being spent? How many number of rooms you have number of blocks you have what are all departments number of faculty? These are all called attributes Spatial data means which we can see with our eye on the surface of the earth Geographical data co-spatial data bullet that which is having latitude longitude And which can be drawn in the map With the help of GI software Nakshamejo dikasaktaam usko spatial data bullet because it's there on the earth Where the non-spatial data cannot be seen with our eye, but it will be linked to the spatial features to get the information What is that blindly you see in the map the building you cannot see you will not get complete information When you call a geographic information system both should be there Geography information it becomes geographical information system that is GIS Understand geography and information when you link together it becomes geographic information system This is the one possible with the help of GI software only that you can see in this format Again spatial data again two types one can be stored in raster format another can be stored in vector format This is very important types of data you have to understand Raster and vector data Raster data means data will be stored in a pixel form pixel hope you are all understand. What is pixel pixel means what? Very good pixel means picture element your GIS that also can be stored in both the way Your when you download your photo from your mobile phone when you're taken if you keep on zoom in the computer You'll get the pixels like this Right so this data grid form you can store it called raster data When your special data stored in this form it called raster data similar way vector data using point line polygon when you draw and show it this called vector data Which is having latitude longitude, but vector that is very easy to understand right and very simple storage capacity is less than the Raster and you have team map which generates triangular irregular networks And it's basically to see your it's a vector data only tini's vector data You can see the physiography of your geographical area and it's a tini is a 3d data representation model for GIS that depicts the elevation Like your how it is more elevation where is the less elevation, but it's a vector form We have digital digital elevation model demap that is a raster form for same Physiography right after having mapping point line polygon and mappable form in GIS You can do data editing and analysis data editing or special data editing is very important process Because you did something you demarcated something you map something Whether it is right or wrong. Is there any correction required right when I'm drawing road to road There is a gap then I need to edit it should be close River stream Right, so this process when it is when when we draw in the mappable form There may be gaps sometimes there may be overlapping a road up to here But I cross up to here while digitizing no when you demarcating in the map So these things when you cut overlap When the gap when you what you call pull it this process called editing special editing similar way We have attribute editing also like Correction of your all this year may be correction Type may be correction length may be correction width may be correction when you do in a tabular form it become attribute editing So these things are very important through this topological error or topology building these Topological relationships or topological building you can remove the errors of your special entities or special features Right, so all these Wourshoot undershoot everything can be removed for point line polygon There are many please go through the reading material and what are all how it can be removed how it can be used Subway step clearly it was mentioned. So what are the advantages of remote sensing? Advantage if you friends there are many but if you ask me as a GIS man I can tell you number of advantages we have with the GIS system The one is for planning planning in the sense We should be what will be indicated because GIS having different functional and capabilities Like I want to know I'm from education department. I want to plan a new school So my education department given a certain parameters When you propose a school Within one kilometer. They should not be in existing school Right and the villages population must be must be ten thousand for example How I know that GIS will indicate one kilometer buffer where you want to propose if I want to propose a school here You will take one one kilometer buffer within one kilometer buffer. What are all facilities you have GIS will indicate Right, so you will be knowing if it is already available if it is within one kilometer You cannot plan similarly LPS school if you want to propose it should be within five hundred meters from the settlement area So within a five hundred meters if you already LPS school is that you cannot propose Similarly Anganawadi Center within five hundred meters It should be and it should be even five hundred meters only not more than five hundred meters any Anganawadi Center When you propose LPS school Anganawadi Center because these two are I mean you understand why it is very close to the settlement area Right the persons who will go there similar way any asset friends What are all available also you can see with the buffer tool and also if this irrigation canal if you put you make a buffer of One kilometer or five hundred meter or two kilometers So how much land comes under if you put a new irrigation canal I can brought how much fallout into irrigation area that if you want to know these GIS analysis tools can be used quickly Scientific manner if I'm putting irrigation canal here, so one kilometer buffer will be generated from all this distance one kilometer So here land use length over I can see how much land agriculture how much fellow all fallows will come So how much fellow land I can convert into agriculture land? By providing irrigation canal within my geographical periphery will be known with the help of this Such a functional there are many more functionalities likewise for planning and also for monitoring What is there? What is not there also can be seen with these functions of GIS and there are number of advantages as I said earlier You can use this tool as for scientific tool for planning This tool can be used for monitoring where is what kaha kaha cheese a That purpose you can use GIS and also you can do the evaluation What was there before my implementation of the developmental project? What is there now? Really? Is there any changes? Right, so what was there? What I've come up the quantification also you can see three things you can see with the GIS one is Where the things were developed whether things are developed or not you can see if yes developed Where the things were developed on the earth? How much it is developed when it is developed when the developed or not if developed where it is and how much it is When it is these three four questions will bounce it by the GIS system in a quick manner That is the beat of GIS long ten years back how it was that will be indicated with the GIS using different satellite imageries Right friends, so this way you can use there are many more advantages Even you can see the impact assessment also with the help of GIS system impact assessment means Many x is one anything on the earth you implemented under development project may be irrigation canal may be water body Right, so what is the impact if I give a new irrigation canal really? I brought the agriculture land the fellows converted into agriculture land if as how much land I brought Really production is increased due to my irrigation canal Earlier you used to give only to 20 quintile of each actor of the land now We did 25 30 or is there any horticulture crops are growing now commercial crops due to my irrigation canal that you can see you can measure It will give a picture No need to say any lie in this process when we use this technology Nobody can say lie because the real earth will be brought by the satellite system analyzed by the software Quantification will be accurately will be measured the things geographical features things Can be seen in a scientific manner nobody can say anything because human intervention is very less in this process when we use GIS Human intervention is both common to be human intervention is lesser you can expect more and more transparency accuracy that no corruption Right for that these tools are very very important. Okay social and institutional context There are many more friends what not even if I say there are many, right? Just I'm skipping all this you please go through it social and institutional context GIS how it will help us and also Contemporary development of GIS. He started this GIS in 1960s by Roger Tomlinson. He's the father of GIS Roger Tomlinson is the father of GIS who started in 1960s with CGIS Canadian geographical information system for Canadian land inventory mapping purpose. He just started that Right. Yeah start started in 1960. Please remember this in 1960 by Roger Tomlinson. He has developed with the CGIS for Canadian land inventory mapping What is that CGS Canadian geographical information system? Afterwards your EC entered directly into the market the American company where? Your arc GIS is very popular Software in fact right where you can map, model, analyze. There are many more, right? Going ahead with this progress of global geospatial infrastructure GIS is evolving day-by-day right from desktop GIS to web GIS now and the cloud GIS and mobile GIS There are many more applications. I think you are all aware now when we use the Google Maps Nothing, but GIS we want to find out from and to I want to go airport. I'm unknown to the city I want to move but GIS guide you through the different web applications through the different mobile GIS applications Right, which we are seeing like your Google Maps and all based on GIS is runs the quantification Distance and then special features can be visualized This is the GIS summary if you see way starting from the full-form Definition of the GIS is a computerized system tool where you can collect the data manipulate model and map the data It requires five components four components basically just somebody right that is computer system software Then hardware data and human way. There is a manpower and GIS is faster than manual methods for analysis allowing flexibility of trying alternative variables in analysis process Raster and vector data are two types of main GIS data types We have representing your geographical features But in GIS software you will have two datas one is spatial and non-spatial Two datas will be linked and the only system in the world we have that is GIS system where you can link Special and non-spatial data right but data will be represented in two ways your spatial data represented in two ways One is vector and second one is raster Okay, and then we have GIS indicates spatial data and other kinds of information within a single system That's what we have seen your spatial and attribute and lastly after mapping all this physical way in the desktop or laptop We have web GIS The internet-based GIS system right where this web GIS is highly accessible Enabling any way from any way one can access you're working here in Gauhati With one project the same project data can be monitored edited by it while sitting at America Spatial features same thing through this web GIS system. We have web GIS software too We have web GIS applications through the internet one can walk this We have even Google earth bovan portals. We have bovan panchayat and bovan portals There aren't many more Grammar Chitra. We have they're all spatial features, which we have they're all working with the There are many I mean spatial portals web GIS portals being developed by the bovan if you go to the bovan is through You will see different applications bovan tourism bovan rural development bovan drinking water likewise bovan name being given by the Indian Space Research Organization ISRO where all this GIS based spatial tools can be visible as through the internet you can access it You know need to prepare even Satellite data can be downloaded free of cost No need to pay anything through this bovan portal freely You can download from the satellite data also archive data is there but not all the data high resolution data Some data Indian Satellite data being kept free of cost which you can download it freely for your research purpose This is the last slide. In fact further reading I think it is there in the reading material Geographical information system and science by Paul and there are many more friends, right? You can go through these books and You can I mean Continue with your studies and your reading material is a good book I can say the last content you have which can be Studied for examinations and now question and answer session if you have any questions You're most welcome any doubts QJC is a software sir where you can map for geo fencing what you're asking sir you can use mobile applications To geotag your geofencing area, right? Anyway There are different mobile applications the popular mobile application. I will tell you for geo fencing is SW maps Which is open source? Yeah Yeah, that's I'm coming to that and other departments are many departments having their own mobile Application for geo tagging geo fencing Even you take any department now. They have their own mobile app for geo tagging purpose Geo tagging means adding geographical identification metadata through the photo and your geofencing may be demarcated of the same But you have your own app Agriculture having their own education having their own revenue department having their own app likewise all departments They're having their own mobile applications for geo fencing So using your own app you have to do that sir But common app if you require some no no no I want to do some project in the GIS in my project work Then you can use different mobile applications freely available. That is SW maps app SW maps that is GIS tools and data it will come So that will help a lot to collect freely anything you can collect and also you can do the geo tagging But if you take rural development sector or in other sector what they're doing sir to monitor Their asset they are introducing their own mobile apps to geo tag the assets Hope it is understandable and thank you so much for patience listening Thank you