 Hi friends, we are going to see January month Yojna the title millets So in this there are four articles which you are going to see on us milite cultivation in northeastern India India's wealth millet for health health benefits for lifestyle diseases Millets for pregnant and lack say lack-tightening mothers. So in this if you go for the first one millet cultivation in northeastern India and Before going to this article Why this article is important is when we take this northeastern states the entire Indian Democracy and especially in the entire development process of India northeastern state is comparatively not well developed Both in socio-economic perspective Right now government is providing all opportunities for its development and they're using multi-fold development programs For example, government is trying to promote tourism there government is also promoting infrastructures there government is also focusing on connectivity In one that aspect is government is also giving greater focus on Agriculture so in this article they say how is the potential of millet cultivation in northeastern states existing potential What are the existing dimensions on how it can be encouraged to the next level so before starting this? article We need to know that 2023 is being recognized as International year of millets by you on so with that background we can see the importance of this particular Yojana, okay so paragraph one Paragraph two and paragraph three so in paragraph one They say about the conditions for millet millet cultivation conditions they have given It's starting with especially in northeastern states so they say that Millets grow in tropical and subtropical regions So you simply to say that Miller grows in India because India's in tropics subtropical region and altitude altitude of two thousand hundred meters this height altitude and Temperature so minimum temperature required is So minimum temperature required is sorry eight to ten degree Celsius So this is going in paragraph one and paragraph two also speaks about millet cultivation only It says that so ideal temperature range so ideal temperature is the minimum requirement So when millets will be very effectively growing is when the temperature is round 26 to 29 degree Celsius And where we have very good yield and rainfall so rainfall in the range of 500 to 900 millimeters So these are some of the geographical conditions for growing millets and which matches with the northeastern states also And what are the other importance of millets in paragraph two also you can see the importance of millets especially from nutritional point of view It's given there that is Similits is rich in calcium iron protein fiber which are essential for human development both physical and Psychological aspects this has a huge role play in our human body So we can see that millets has all the essential Nutrition required and also they have this unsaturated fat. This is all given there There's all the points you can use it in your main sensor writing unsaturated fat and This is also very you are useful for diabetics correct to maintain low sugar level to maintain low sugar One of the biggest problem right now regarding India India's called us diabetics capital of the end table and we can see that Diabetism of the major problem in India and millet can be one such solution and It's also helps in maintaining bone health. It's all points we can Play it with our answer writing improving bone health so decreasing blood cholesterol blood cholesterol There's more most of the problem for especially people in urban India and also Weight control So millet is a solution for most of our health issues. That's the point. We can understand from this So we are in paragraph three It's paragraph three. This speaks about agricultural aspects of India that is India's agriculture based on time period Agricultural strategy and policies and all So in 1960s where we can see that India focused on green revolution so India focused on green revolution and what are the outcome of green revolution is India used High yielding varieties So primarily focused on wheat and rice Primarily focused on wheat and rice and agricultural techniques So this clearly shows a historical evolution of agriculture, especially after independence especially from government policy perspective So paragraph one paragraph two and paragraph three Next page paragraph one. So when we say agricultural Green revolution high yielding varieties. So this was primarily focused on chemical fertilizers to get high yielding Based on green revolution people behind to use fertilizers and pesticides fertilizers, fertilizers and that results in large-scale production Results in large-scale production that is food production food production So what are the power aspect is Even though we are able to achieve food security Food security we achieve So there's a cost involved in it. So the cost is first one is negative effects on environment Negative effects on environment or what you called as environmental cost or ecological cost. What are the environmental cost here is? one is Poisoned That is given here poison water bodies and agricultural land How this happens is because we are using chemical fertilizers throughout the seasons and continuously for years It has a residue there. So this is used to wash during rainfall and reaches the water bodies So that has an impact on water bodies and once gets settled on land that has an impact on agricultural land so at the point they are saying here and And low nutrition for soil low nutrition for soil Because under this green revolution most of the time it is always monocropping and continuously every season There will be always one crop for example rice means rice cultivation throughout the year wheat means wheat cultivation throughout the year So ultimately nutrients are being taken out from the soil without time for replacement So these are some of the cost because of green revolution that is given in paragraph one So paragraph two also this speaks about the impact of green revolution and they say that Madhya Pradesh is a case study here Madhya Pradesh is called as wheat bowl of India so wheat bowl and Which has a great impact on So they say also say that how? Recently agriculture is transforming So a heat wave has an impact on Agriculture productivity So wheat production has gone down production has gone down this you can also let climate change also and apart from this See in Northeastern states So we have this monsoon failure So may monsoon failure that is given in Northeastern states and and they also given Kaveri River Kaveri. These are some case studies where water deficit water deficit is a major problem and So 70 percentage of crop failure Crop failure in Tamil Nadu. So this is all case says the current status of Indian agriculture and Just clearly correlates with millets. How millets is going to solve all these issues? Okay So that's in paragraph 2 paragraph 3 So paragraph 3 so they say that because of this Because of this following conditions farmers need to focus on farmers need to focus on Adopt farming techniques they need to for adopt farming techniques to Resolve all these issues in agriculture farming techniques and which has the least negative Environmental impact negative environmental impact and also to support support food demand Food demand and also resulting in bettering better livelihood opportunities better livelihood opportunities and this was primarily for Possible only through organic farming coupled with millet cultivation So that was the paragraph says for all the problems were discussed in paragraph 1 and paragraph 2 the best choice is always organic farming coupled with Millet farmer millet cultivation. So that's going in paragraph 3 paragraph 4 So paragraph 5 And 6 in paragraph 4 and a millet Cultivation in a millet cultivation. So sustained sustained productivity techniques or what they call it as Sustainable farming techniques Sustainable farming techniques what are being used as given as as six parasic points One is you using organic materials mostly in all these things happens. One is organic Organic supplements or organic materials organic supplements used in cultivation Example it can be composed and next one is next one is it says about two recycles all nutrients and that is using cover crops Using cover crops this we can see multi cropping ideas and also in a particular land There are simultaneously different types of crops are being used and it also helps in fixing nitrogen mixing nitrogen and planting green manure legumes planting green manure legumes Mostly where we can see this whenever we go for this Plantation cropping in between we can see a lot of Leguminous plants are being put so that it has a multiple effect on agriculture And intercropping what we discussed intercropping intercropping and rotation of crops rotation of crops and management of crop residues So these are some of the ways of Having sustainable farming techniques which can be used for any answers of sustainable farming And also this is the practice right now mostly in northeastern states They are doing it and we can so that we can see one of the biggest potential of northeastern states in agriculture is organic So we already have this techniques there that is given there and also in paragraph why this speaks about the concept of shifting cultivation shifting cultivation in northeastern states or popularly they call it as Slash and burn the terms itself says And in northeastern states mostly in hilly terrains especially by tribes they take out one particular area They cut all the trees and they burn it So that Residues access of vitalizes and they do cultivations after the nutrients are over they go for a new sport and in our natural patech In our natural patech So this is called as Sweden Sweden in our national page called as within similarly in Assam. It's called as Juhum Juhum in Assam. So these are different names use it for your answer writing And this primarily tribes are focusing on all this using for millet cultivation. That's the point. It's given here and Most of the majority crops is Majority crops is always millet and they have given some examples of millet like finger millet Finger millet small millet Small millet fox tail millet. So these are some examples of millet So which is being cultivated through shifting cultivations that is given in this para page Next paragraph one so cultural importance of millet millet and its cultural importance So millet is not only seen as a crop and also Food for a people. It also has some cultural importance. So they have given some examples like Xan it's a approach recipe among this moon pot tribes So they belong to our natural So they belong to our natural patech Porridge that's nothing, but they convert this millet center porridge. It's like a watery Breakfast and this tribes especially consumes that and they eat with along with vegetables meat meat and cheese they consume this Porridge so that is one important aspect this name Xan is used by this particular type in our natural patech and apart from this apang So there are two aspects of it oneness normal apang another is Mouda apang there are two apangs and Both in our natural patech and oneness based on rice and other is based on millet and this is based on millet and and this is made out of Maorang millet it's a tribal name for it and It's considered to be dark red organic wine so from the millet they make this particular drink organic millet and this was primarily done by tribes like Adi and Nishi tribes probably my pronunciation may be wrong So these are the two tribes in Andamanic over they use this particular wine and this part of their Cultural importance, especially this Adi tribes Adi tribes have this annual Solung festival S-O-L-U-N-G Solung festival in the month of September in the month of September and this is this particular Wine is being given during that festival So these are some of the cultural importance of millets in our recent states This can also be a potential plumes question these two aspects they can give us a statement in Plumes when they want to give three to four statements about millets this can be one they can give even specific information can be asked what type of Food items are made out of millets by which tribes and what occasion they use it so this is there Next article is India's wealth millet for health so in that We'll go for paragraph 1 paragraph 2 so in paragraph 1 it speaks about this Year 2023 where a prime minister made a huge effort in making you and declare This year as international year of millets International year of millets international year of millets and in paragraph 2 and So what are the importance of millets? It's given here and it's millets are grown global Millets cultivated Across the globe Across the globe and it also given some major importance of it and especially from Indian perspective that is 170 lakh tons of millets are being cultivated per year in India and Entire world we are the largest one and 20 percentage of global production See regarding bill net India produce 20 percentage of it global production 80 percentage of Asia's production this we can clearly understand why government is promoting will it because when millet is consumed across the world There's a huge potential for India to export so India is very keen on it so 20 percentage of global production 80 percentage of Asia's production this facts clearly indicates that and India's average yield is around so one 120,000 239 kgs per hectare that is average yield in India whereas Global average yield is also given So go go global average yield is around 1229 kg per hectare this clearly shows that India is very good in Millet cultivation this are some of the facts to support that and we go for paragraph 1 paragraph 2 So in paragraph 1 So when you say millets, so what are the basic idea? What are millets? It's given here So popularly called as millets are popularly called asmota Unch in Hindi just you can use it for your introduction about millets and these are all small seeded annual grass small seeded annual grass and Primarily they focus on dry areas of dry areas of cultivation So dry areas of cultivation especially in subtropics and tropics subtropics and tropics So this can be introduction for your any question on millet So paragraph 2 so they list out what are the types of millets or categories of millets? Categories of millets which can be classified into three major one. One is major millets you can write some examples like pearl millet finger millet This you can draw as a table column for your answers and mila millets. We have minor millets Like foxtile foxtile millet or little millet and we have this Pseudomillet Pseudomillet like Buckwheat So this you can convert as a table column for your answers Okay, and what are the importance of millet that is being said first one is importance Importance first one is Climate-friendly So millets are climate-friendly crop So climate-friendly crop so does climate-friendly corp means it's very resilient to climates so it can take the vagaries of climate and So wide range of temperature, moisture and that helps in Usage of millet cultivation different parts of agriculture sectors or agricultural Zones so that is the point that is climate-friendly crop. That's the first importance of millet The next one is other important second one is So viable options for small farmers So what is why it's a viable option for small farmers means this requires low investments So millet cultivation requires low investments So there is need to put a lot of money into it and especially this can be helpful for small and marginal farmers in Small land area also they can go for it and inputs for this millet cultivation is comparatively very less next benefit is high in nutrition High in nutrition and it has a health benefits So we have an article on this we will see that and Basically, we already saw that millet is rich in calcium protein and unsaturated fats. This has a huge health benefits for humans that is given there and especially Millets can be a solution for malnourishment. So malnutrition can be solved through millets Sold through millets and This is one of the biggest problem for India, especially public health issue in India when compared to children's especially for children's So that can be one next thing is Economic and food security so economic and food security and millet is called as Poor man's food grain which clearly indicates that Millets are consumed by people especially at the lowest bracket bracket of the society where income levels are very low and This ensures this economic security and food security for the people so and Next page we go for it paragraph one Paragraph two and paragraph three so in paragraph one as we saw all the benefits of the millet right now millet is part of this Poshan Abyan Poshan 2.0 So right now Indian government is primarily focused on this Poshan Abyan or nutrition for children's objectives to tackle Tackle malnourishment or malnutrition and And and they are and in this portion 2.0 important is this 2.0 So government says that we also want to use this traditional Knowledge system so traditional salt knowledge is what traditional knowledge system is especially in villages and all we have a lot of Food recipes which we lost in our 60 years of evolution especially after 1989 due to globalization Where we can see the food patterns are changed and under this Poshan Abyan 2.0 or Poshan 2.0 government is trying to revive this traditional knowledge system especially to tackle malnourishment and That comes the role of millets because traditionally millets is on a part of our food patterns and this has a huge role to solve the problem of malnourishment and In this especially this Poshan 2.0 So we have this national Nutrition month National nutrition month Which is being celebrated across India across India especially in the month of September September September and which is done by Ministry of Women and Child Development Ministry of Women and Child Development and They are primarily focused on under this national nutrition month state governments are encouraged to develop millet based recipes some less millet based recipes and Which is being provided to the kids must be recipes and and this is being provided through Anganwadi's Through Anganwadi services so which clearly shows that government is very keen to tap the potential of millets to solve the Public health issue of malnutrition And also millets is being provided at least once a week through Anganwadi services Whereas in paragraph 2 So right now in India there are startups being focused on startups being focused on millets and FAC says that FAC says that right now we have around 500 startups and the startups especially being Promoted by through 500 startups promoted through this Program that is RKVY and Raftar Sir Raftar and Around six crores being distributed here rupees six crores is being distributed for millet based startups in India as per this particular scheme and and 22 starts up being approved for further funding. So these are some data is given that is totally 66 startups are given with this value This value and also we have this food safety and standards authority of India And they are coming out with every month. That is Recipe reviewer so this peer reviewer that has spreading awareness awareness about millets and It's benefit through a recipe and they're effectively using this social media platforms for it use of modern technology to reach the people social media platforms social media platforms and All already we have this thousand walk-a-thons and eat right meals programs are being organized that is given in paragraph 2 and paragraph 3 and government is establishing center of excellence Center of excellence on millets across India Across India this clearly shows the commitment of the government to promote millet Okay, next article is health benefits for lifestyle diseases and This entirely based on millets. So we have paragraph one paragraph two and paragraph three same paragraph one Some millets are considered as wonder foods because they have given the importance of millets. So millet consist of fiber content Will consist of fiber content Vitamins Vitamins Minerals phytochemicals antioxidants Antioxidants and this helps to solve a lot of lifestyle diseases. We'll see that lifestyle diseases lifestyle diseases and Millets in paragraph 2 Millets Let millet helps to reduce aging. So cardiovascular risk Diabetes Diabetes aging and cancer. So they identified all these things and paragraph 3 So what are the benefits of millets apart from health benefits? so water scarcity so Whenever we have a issue of water scarcity millets can be the best crop for it desertification can be stopped so desertification the certification and global warming so global warming and carbon footprints carbon footprints, so this all can be a Solved and paragraph one paragraph two paragraph three So paragraph four And paragraph five so in paragraph one so it says about Under modernization Under modernization we have Changed our food patterns food patterns and especially consumptions has changed a lot Consumption has changed a lot and it is found out that 71 percentage of Fatalities or dates are due to non communicable diseases Or due to non communicable diseases non communicable diseases and especially like Diabetes and all comes under this and In also the same paragraph it speaks about this reactive oxygen reactive oxygen species active oxygen species the imbalance of this in the cell imbalance in the cell imbalance in the cell and tissues that results in oxidative stress oxidative stress So these are some of the terms used in medical work and this oxidative stress results in diseases like R3 T's respiratory so respiratory diseases respiratory diseases and Even it can results in 8's all these things are given here when other conditions are matching So in paragraph 2 that is given there and paragraph 3 So antioxidants antioxidants in millets is able to solve all these issues and Prevent all these issues regarding this reactive oxygen species in balance in the cell and This able to resolve all these problems. So that is given in paragraph 3 because of antioxidants in millets So actually actually antioxidants in millets is able to solve all the Non-communical diseases majority of them that is given there and in paragraph 4 speaks about this LDL and HDL So LDL means though low density Lipoprotein low density lipoprotein and High density lipoprotein so low density and high density lipoprotein and what the fact says is whenever there is an increase of Low density lipoprotein chance of heart diseases are very high Whereas high density lipoprotein increases chance of heart diseases goes down. So to give a Fact that is There's directly proportional to heart disease What is directly proportional means whenever this increases low density lipoprotein increases heart diseases increases or as high density lipoprotein They call it as inversely proportion what is inversely proportion means whenever high density Lopoprotein increases chance of heart disease goes down. So that is given here and So that is given both paragraph 4 and 5 so paragraph 1 paragraph 2 3 and 4 so in paragraph 1 some millet as a food has high level of HDL and Low level of LDL. So in millet we have high level of high density lipoprotein and low level of Lipoprotein low density lipoprotein So ultimately heart disorders will be less when you consume lot of millets that's given here Now also in paragraph 2 so millets is also able to solve Millet is able to reduce Colon and breast cancers Just being researched in animals which is being proven and the reason for the thing is So they have this phenolic components Which helps to reduce the cancer cells and that is flavonoids flavonoids and Tantins etc So in paragraph 3 so brain disorders and especially So excessive fat consumption Excessive fat consumption Excessive fat consumptions in human diet Human diet can results in Brain disorders this being proven one in brain disorders brain disorders and and that comes the role of Millets millets can reduce that and So especially they can see that oxidative stress, which you already saw in the previous point Can results in Demnesia so which can also be reduced by consumption of millets. So fat consumption is one of the major reason for brain disorders and Fats in millets are very less. So that is given here and So millets have low carbohydrate carbohydrate low carbohydrate and fiber ratio fiber ratio and high antioxidants high antioxidants and This helps to reduce These two helps to reduce lifestyle diseases lifestyle diseases And millets for pregnant and lactating mother So paragraph 1 paragraph 2 paragraph 3 and paragraph 4 So in paragraph 1 it speaks about pregnancy So pregnancy it's a physiological condition physiological condition there is a greater demand for nutrients because of pregnancy. It's a greater demand for nutrients it's a greater demand for nutrients and that results in growth of increased growth of Photos. Fetus growth is entirely based on increased demand of nutrients and where millets will play a major role in it that's given here and A study clearly says that pre-natal is before childbirth and post-natal post-natal nutritional status Can be matched by millets So both this time there's a great demand for nutrition and millets can able to Provide all these things during the time and It's also given the importance of millets millets importance Which already we saw apart from this related to pregnancy note. So it's also have minimal or no use of Nimal or no use of chemical fertilizers and And They have given the examples of millets which we already saw in the previous article examples of millets that we called as major minor and pseudo millets So the millets which you already saw so this all given in paragraph 213 so in paragraph 4 the benefits of millets one is for human consumption human consumption Human consumption so millets once people cultivate human consumption and also straw for animals So in agricultural activity, it's beneficial for humans and also for animals especially for cattle's animals means cattle's and So this can be grown in all different areas that is agro climatic zones most suitable for varied agro climatic zones and paragraph 1 paragraph 2 paragraph 3 And paragraph 4 So in paragraph 1 so as millet is antioxidant antioxidant anti-casinogenic anti-casinogenic anti-inflammatory anti-inflammatory anti-viral so this helps to solve a lot of problems and There is human health issues can be solved based on this and which also helps during pregnancy So so pregnant women also have all these issues which can be solved and also Millet also have this Probiotic food Let us approve biotic food which is good for guts good for good and this is results in gram negative gram negative bacteria As millets able to produce this gram negative bacteria Which results in good for guts That is given in paragraph 1 and 2 Whereas paragraph 3 speaks about millet milk malt millet milk malt so which is based on millet jaggery and milk powder milk powder So which is very good for Pregnant women And also lactating mother so pregnant women and lactating mother this is very good and even ragi cutlets are being made ragi cutlets Which is rich in protein? Iron calcium which is very needed for pregnant mother a pregnant mother and also for lactating mother so and they also identified that Badgera a millet is most essential for Pregnant pregnant mother because it helps to increase hemoglobin levels help to increase the hemoglobin levels and also helps in providing all the essential nutrients and also millets helps to maintain BMI body mask index for pregnant women and lactating mother for pregnant and lactating pregnant women and lactating mother and also they identify another millet called kodo millet Which is rich in? Nutrition easy to digest easy to digest which is also helping pregnant pregnant women Thank you