 Dear students, in this module we are going to talk about different types of social interaction and one of the important type of social interaction is non-verbal interaction or non-verbal form of communication. Non-verbal communication refers to the usage of gestures, facial expressions, body language to convey the meaning and emotions. As you know, human beings are endowed with the capacity of emotions and feelings and they do express using the different symbols and gestures. So non-verbal communication can be intentional or unintentional and can have a significant impact on social interaction and its relationships. When we talk about interaction or communication, language is an important aspect but it is not necessary that the language is the medium of communication. We communicate through different symbols and gestures. So non-verbal communication can vary across cultures and can sometimes lead to misunderstandings and conflict. In all cultures, different symbols or gestures are used and sometimes one gesture is perceived differently in different cultures. For example, just waving the hand could be understood differently in different cultures. Similarly, pointing out a finger is also understood differently in different cultures. Similarly, in Pakistan, if we continuously talk to the opposite gender with eye contact, it is considered kind of disrespect. But if we don't maintain this eye contact with the opposite gender in Western cultures, it is considered disrespect. So if we take the example from Pakistan, we can see that examining the use of non-verbal communication in Pakistani culture and its role in social interaction and relationship is a food for thought. If you think about it and see which non-verbal interaction patterns are used in your local cultural context, such as medium of communication, eye contact, facial expressions, hand gestures, body posture. You can analyze all these things by thinking and observing them.