 Let's look at some interesting scenarios where through the programming of network elements The customer or the operator could change the behavior According to certain requirement. So we look at a broad framework Then we'll discuss some use cases where an operator specifically an operator a Programs its own infrastructure that is intra infrastructure or intra operator Programming and then we'd look at the specific example out of some use cases So let's define the way we are going to look at the whole situation. We can think about the Scenario as a framework where we have different entities these entities would have a relationship that who owns the programmable infrastructure and who gets to a program it So these entities like consumer enterprise Operator third-party all are assumed to have some control And some infrastructure this would this could include a data center mobile devices and Home network elements visually we could look at it as we have operator a we've got operator B These are connected through a network to network Infrastructure then we have operator a that is connected to the consumer through the user to network interface The user to network interface for the customer then we have the user to network interface for the enterprise and These two operator a and B are connected through the network to network interface in terms of their possible relationships in which some programming could be done Let's look at the Operator enterprise in consumer placed across each other So we can think about an operator programming another operator. It could be an intra operator programming scenario a Operating a or it could be an inter programming scenario where we have Through the network to network interface operator a can program the infrastructure of operator B then we have Operator that could possibly program an enterprise or an enterprise could possibly program an operator through the user to network interface of the Enterprise and correspondingly we could make for all possible combinations the use cases could be numerous For instance, we have an operator that is interested in detecting a fault or recovering or isolating an error Then we could in fact We are going to look at this specific example where a new service type is introduced if this needs validation And some regression testing is also going to be required Then we could have a system integration Relating it to all possible services, which are already running As in DevOps then we have network elements which could be running third-party code The third-party code comes from the third party, but it is programmed through the operator itself Then we have the non data center applications, which the operator has to run itself then If there are multiple vendors then their interoperability has to be ensured And if there's a problem the isolation of the error has to be done by the operator itself So let's look at a specific example for dev ops that is development and Operation where we have a service that we wish to introduce and test it So that's the title of it now in in this scenario and in subsequent scenarios to come This would be the standard template where we'd have a title of the Requirement then we have the actors then what is going to be programmed what is going to be programmable The description of the problem itself and then the programmability aspect the network programmability and the advantages So the actors here are going to be of course the service provider develop dev ops team They are going to ensure that they have enough test resources and network resources So what is programmable in this scenario? We have a service development in test environment where we have New service to be tested So the description says it that we have a brand new service Which is installed in the service provider facility in a sandboxed environment Sandboxing actually means that now we are going to make sure that our existing functions Do not falter in order to achieve that we have to make sure that the runtime environment That the application is going to run into and the network connectivity that is that would be needed for this particular Application to run do not affect other things. So this has to be safeguarded or sandboxed This environment actually has to be isolated so that the production application And networks are not impacted with the new services behavior And the the the setup is going to be automated since we are talking about programmability We would involve least human intervention. We want the system to do it at its own So the system is automated From the configuration information the sandbox environment can be instantiated on demand A certain timer could be introduced a time to initiate the service test the service and Stop the service remove the service and then the execution of test cases with the environment are also automated various Scripts or various qc tests are run. Now this particular use case focuses on the Network portion of the sandboxed environment because we are interested in network programmability so the programmability approach would be to develop a new service and test it in unified hardware software test cases And make sure that the software updates are tested in an automated manner The network programmability would now involve for the Operator to have an interface programming interface between the execution environment and the Supporting network. This would involve some network configurations. For instance, uh, layer two layer three Addressing has to be carried out topology has to be created and then Some services have to be provisioned like naming service Discovery service security service all these services would be provisioned at runtime Then current capability requirements on each interface Have to be determined in terms of the qs parameters the qs parameters have to be Declared in a xml like schema where the network has to be told to implement certain functionality Then on-demand changes to any of the items which are done over the execution cycle This could include certain topology change If there is a change of users certain increase or decrease in number of users, etc, etc So the overall advantage that we are going to get with this Is we are going to experiment with untried services in a sandbox environment The operator could install some services and if the services are appropriate could incorporate or commission those services in the network So the challenges are going to be Interesting the network should be able to engage the physical resources at the network layer To support the services on demand in an automated fashion Similarly, the network should also be able to Isolate the errors so that the production network or the network which is in Production in usage is not affected and now the service providers will have to be involved with software development capability So they have to have the trained work staff to meet the requirements The resource that I have taken is the same Uh the act as report from 2013 Operational opportunities and challenges of stn network function virtualization this particular Alliance or the company is Doing a great job in making contribution to certain international standardization Activities you can see that it's involved in 3gpp. It's involved in machine to machine Standardization effort and it's accredited by the american national standards institute and is also part of the itut