 Bioremediation of contaminated groundwater or soil is currently the most cost-effective and safest way to remove hazardous substances from the environment. Immobilizing microorganisms capable of breaking down specific contaminants can reduce costs and allow for the reuse of biological catalysts. Absorbing microbes onto a carrier is the most commonly used technique in bioremediation as it is simple and non-toxic. Choosing the right carrier is critical to success, taking into account the type of pollutant, the type of remediation, and situ or ex-situ, and the characteristics of the immobilized microorganism. Recent studies have shown that natural carriers are highly efficient at supporting bioremediation, with minimal impact on the microbial community and the contaminant itself. This article was offered by Anna Dzionek, Danuta Wajiasinska, and Ursula Buzyk.