 TAMD stands for Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development. It's a tool or framework which is developed largely to assess development effectiveness of adaptation. And it basically shows the linkages between adaptation and development outcomes. And when we say development outcomes, it implies its impact on poverty, its impact on livelihoods, and impact on improving income status because adaptation or climate change adaptation is largely linked with development outcomes. TAMD offers a bespoke framework which can be customized according to country needs. That's the unique special point of TAMD. And many other frameworks which exist for measuring climate change adaptation are quite top driven or I'm not saying that all of them are, but somehow there is so much responsibility or requirement to demonstrate results on a shorter notice. So it's difficult to evaluate something from a country context, which is owned by the country when there is a pressure to show results quickly. And TAMD doesn't have that issue. That's why TAMD is more contextual, TAMD is more country-owned, and TAMD is more customized for fitting the country needs. Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development is an initiative which has been commissioned by the UK's Department for International Development. We're a small team of climate change researchers particularly interested in adaptation and particularly interested within adaptation in its developmental effectiveness. How can we assess how well investments by governments largely, but also by private sector and civil society? How well these investments render developmental outcomes? Adaptation has to overcome a development deficit if the climate vulnerable poor are to be able to overcome the vagaries of climate change, both now and into the future. So TAMD, Tracking Adaptation Measuring Development, is an initiative to build through action research a framework that practitioners in developing countries can use in a pragmatic, effective way to assess the way that adaptation, climate adaptation leads to developmental outcomes. The initiative will conclude in September of 2014 by which time we expect to have five bespoke evaluative frameworks developed in different countries, five different countries, and we also anticipate results on how TAMD has managed to strengthen national systems as regards to planning and evaluation. What we're trying to do with TAMD is to develop an evaluation framework that looks beyond the simplistic measures of spending and inputs and develop a framework that actually addresses whether adaptation is actually effective, whether we're actually seeing tangible improvements in people's material wellbeing in the face of climate change. So there are a number of challenges here. One is the problem of timescale. Climate change unfolds over timescales that may be considerably longer than most development and adaptation interventions, and adaptation itself is a process that may unfold over timescales that are longer than we're normally used to dealing with when we're trying to track and evaluate development. There are development objectives from the government and the interventions on climate change adaptation here. And the main interest from government is to link these to the government development objectives. So any program that TAMD is going to flow has to keep in mind that there's a need to see what's going on with interventional climate change adaptation and how they are related to development issues.