 Good morning, everyone. Ambassador MacLennan, Admiral Saunas, and my distinguished colleagues. Let me begin first by expressing the entire Naval War College team, which have been superb hosts for the seminar. I might be gratitude for your extraordinary support. Hummeled and grateful to be part of such a great team. I want to thank the sailors and scholars of this initiative, you all, and your heads of the Navy for your leadership, for your dedication to our program, and most of all, for friendship. Together, we'll show that our research today will help make better city for decisions for tomorrow. In addition to being forged by the sea, we're bound together by the most powerful connection of all. Our passion for peace and fondness for freedom, which knows no sea or shore, but the human soul. It's enduring as the glacier deposits, which this college stands on, and as moving as the currents between our lands. Our gathering here in this city by the sea, while brief, has brought us a deeper appreciation of our northern shores, of sea power, and the real meaning and power of friendships between the Navy's and the nation's. The nations assembled here have kept the Arctic peaceful and stable still, one of the world's only oceans that's free of conflict and war. Therefore, it falls on us all, Arctic and non-arid nations alike. Let's keep it that way. So today, the origin task at hand remains. How do we construct an Arctic Ocean region that's free and open, that needs its tensions and builds trust between nations? One that allows all nations to compete and succeed. And I don't want to spend our precious time together discussing what all of us already know, that the two solar superpowers in the Arctic have enough capacity to destroy nations and people, nor allow them to lack heart-ponding realities of climate change or of today's political climate, or the idealized differences in military competition at indoors between us. I stand here today as a sailor and scholar of a nation who spends a lifetime looking over the horizon, whose people have always fought for freedom and a future that's brighter than the past. And whose sole purpose today is to help all our nations discover, develop, and leverage their individual and collective strengths, and to ultimately create conditions for lasting peace and progress. I stand alongside all of you, my friends and colleagues, with a simple message. We owe it to our children and grandchildren not to miss this opportunity, not to delay another day, not to shy away from those who dare or dare be different, or suggest that two nations today can't work to create a better, safer and better tomorrow. Military competition and activities in the Arctic must be managed. Economic investment and influence must be governed. Conflict and crisis runs contrary to the interests of all of our nations, and therefore should be avoided at all costs. The activities of nations and nations in these years should be used in a way that leads us to conflict or crisis. The process of engagement and enforcing regional norms and agreements must be constant, not born solely at convenience but with real progress, real and mutual benefit. And nowhere are the challenges, the opportunities, and the responsibilities greater and more evident than in the Arctic. That's why this seminar and this initiative brings us all together. An accident on miscalculation or spillover from another region affects us all. Arctic and non-Arctic nations alike. A nation with the will and ability to project military power in our northern shores affects us all. A nation that seeks to gain access in and influence over any one of our nations impacts us all. A nation that challenges the values that bind our region together or seeks to take advantage of the vulnerable, especially those without the capacity to sustain or protect themselves is a problem for us all. Yet far too often in this century we find ourselves reacting to these lessons instead of preventing them. And the Arctic is an old section, so we must learn from them so we can avoid them from happening in our own backyard. And large-scale change requires a broad network of people with deep and personal connections based on trust and respect. We're able to have frank discussions. This initiative is part of that process. It's a starting point and an ending point for nations and communities. We face unresolved problems, military security problems in the Arctic, and we face them with similar interests, motivations, and concerns in mind. But if we make one another more aware of them, the challenges confronting them, and if we work together to strengthen our abilities to meet these challenges, if we focus on concrete actions to reduce fear and tensions, and if we continue the momentum of this seminar on this initiative, we'll see real progress in the results. Now, regional agreements between Arctic and non-Arctic nations, including this one's signing of Pahal commercial fishing and the Central Arctic Ocean, may help some sleep better at night. But we shouldn't take for a moment that this piece of paper is going to enforce itself. The nations of the world came together 100 years ago to bring peace to the war and to end all wars. 73 years ago, we converted to San Francisco to drive the Charter to observe world peace. In 22 years ago, Arctic nations met in Ottawa to sign a declaration of remote cooperation in our high north. I profoundly hope that this seminar, our seminar, will trigger further practical and concrete results. It affords us all an opportunity to bring together the nations most influential in these intentions between Arctic nations. This extraordinary gathering here in Newport reminds us all of our common concern for the future of the Arctic and a better and more peaceful world. But what else will our results this week and over the next six months show? How will we assess our results? Our nations have worked long and hard over the last six months, generating principles of sea power admirable to the Arctic Ocean region. They describe how nations and nations ought to act and how we can cooperate. And while they're not the official positions of nations, they are reflective of a pre-unit group of sailors and scholars that pledge allegiance to them. And so it's only fitting that we develop these principles in our room, the main actor, out there on. And I anticipate that the principles that we declare six months from now will be different from the ones we debate today. Surely we do our jobs right, we challenge ourselves, we challenge each other. This will be the case. But every person that reads this volume six months time should know that these principles mean very little unless every nation commits to making them come to life. The law introduced from our initiative represents the voices of all our nations and considers the voices of others outside the region. The principles that we agree upon are more than just a shared perspective. They call for a greater information sharing, planning and exercises, cultural and educational initiatives, close and continuous engagement with indigenous communities, and the protection of our priceless maritime narratives that unites us all. They offer wider areas of greater cooperation in infrastructure development, fishery enforcement, search and rescue, science and transportation, inter-sealant communication, including the cables that live beneath them. But over two centuries ago, the United States of America issued a declaration of independence. There were no shortage of sinks. What was that doubt? A decade later, we want our independence and use these principles to form our constitution. Through strength, courage and determination, they remain the value of life of our actions, both at home and abroad. The opinions of all people in all nations are heard and respected, where we build each other up and embrace our diversity as a source of our nation's strength. At this moment, I'm reminded of our nation's original model, something that I often think about, which seems more important today than ever before. We plurbs out of many one. I believe this applies to the artist as well, because a unified approach depends on each other. And history will judge the seminar in this initiative, not about what we say today, but what we do tomorrow. Not solely by the principles we make, but by the actions we take. Thank you very much everybody, and I look forward to our discussions today.