 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss the difference between structural mobility and individual mobility. Structural mobility refers to the changes in social status that are the result of changes in the structure of the society, such as economic growth, political change or technological advancement. Structural changes play a very important role in any society in terms of structural mobility. If there is more economic growth in any society, then structural mobility will produce a favorable environment for the upward structural mobility. But if there is an economic crisis or financial crisis, inflation and poverty are increasing so definitely the patterns of structural mobility will be of downward social mobility. Then we have the individual mobility which refers to the changes in the social status that are the result of an individual's personal efforts or personal achievements through, for example, through education, employment or different business possibilities. So the focus of individual mobility is mostly on the performance of any individual. If you have educational achievements, you have generated such a business idea because of which you can earn a lot of money or because of which you can move from one status to another. So these are your individual factors considered. Structural mobility is often considered to be the result of economic and political policies and is generally associated with more equal and democratic societies. So as equal or democratic societies, advanced countries, developed countries, there will be more possibilities for structural mobility. On the other hand, individual mobility is often linked to an individual's personal efforts like education, training, skills and is often associated with merit-based societies. So if you have potential and you are in a merit-based society, then the individual mobility becomes easy for you. Again, food for thought for you as a sociologist, you should look at the opportunities of structural mobility in Pakistan and the possibilities of individual mobility. In this, you can judge in the education sector. Along with this, you can also look at financial or economic possibilities so that you can figure out what are the structural mobility and the contributing factors of individual mobility and what are the major differences.