 Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, NAFLD, is a growing health concern due to its association with liver cancer. Risk factors include age, gender, obesity, diabetes, and certain genetics. Early detection of liver cancer is important as it allows for more effective treatments. However, NAFLD patients face unique challenges when it comes to surveillance, such as difficulty identifying those at risk and low surveillance rates in clinical practice. Additionally, existing screening methods have limited accuracy and sensitivity. Surgery remains the only curative treatment option for some patients, but immunotherapy has shown promise in some cases. This article was authored by Doreen Dahar, Kareem Sif El-Dahan, and Ahmed G. Singhal.