 The discussion we've had so far segues really well into what I want to talk about quickly Which is what is the future of your popular transport? And I want to use the word popular because I don't believe this transport is informal It is the dominant form of public transport in your city and the informality arises out of also The interaction with the planning authorities and the government where for example if you don't plan a proper bus stop or You know a proper system then the people within the popular transport sector will do that planning for you So it's unfortunate then to call them informal Transport so let's talk about popular transport because this is what the majority of people use And before we do that, let's look at the big picture very quickly But we haven't mentioned is that there's growing air pollution problems in African cities that are very serious We have crashes which are the number it's the number one killer of youth globally and also in Africa You saw the very high crash rates in Ethiopia relative fatalities relative to the motorization rate We have the congestion emerging we even have obesity problems for people not using active transport We have vulnerability to climate change Even though African cities are not yet contributing a lot to greenhouse gas emissions They will if the future this trajectory of automobile centric You know development continues and also we have this problem of vehicle recycling that as Europe and other parts of the World clean their transport they African countries are importing their dirty less safe vehicles. And so that's a big problem But when you come to the policy discussions here a lot of times what gets blamed is the popular transport system That is actually moving people around the city and As we've already mentioned the bias in the infrastructure one towards Infrastructure and two towards infrastructure still for automobiles is very clear For example, this highway in Nairobi was built in a very dense corridor Without planning for the public transport and bus stops that exist And so it is now considered a highway of death many people die on this highway With the introduction of BRT that's now, you know a move forward because it's public transit oriented Infrastructure but often this planning is being done without seeing the actual public transport system in the city With digital technologies It's very easy now with a GPS enabled cell phone to map out your existing transport system So this is a map of the Matatu system in Nairobi 120 routes and you can start to see the structure just like in Lagos you can see that There's a radial system people coming into the center with a very clustered set of terminals So you can start to now see how does the system work? And how do we plan for it better and also start to provide information systems for people because You know, this is something we haven't even talked about but if you go to a new part of a city Like the ambassador was talking about London Of course, I'm sure she would take out Google Maps and see well How do I get from a to b that kind of information is not available the other thing you can start until you start building these digital infrastructures The other thing you can start to do is use this data to talk about what we really care about is which is not mobility But access so the data for the Matatu system in Nairobi was used by the World Bank to see Where do you can you get to a hospital in Nairobi within a 30-minute Matatu ride once again? You'll see it's in the center of the city you can start to compare access by mode which is what I've done with some of my colleagues and That's a proxy for inequality You can see that if you're riding a car you have a lot of access in Nairobi But the minibus system creates an enormous amount of access for people if you're poor You're best off in the center of the city so that you can walk and access medical facilities for example And I just want to end on the fact that as the deputy mayor Said that this is an existing system when you actually start to look at it and understand it You can see that it actually has some very impressive features And that you can start to work with the system like what's happening in Durban in South Africa They are working with their minibus systems Trying to encourage collectivization professionalization like what you were doing in Lagos and Branding them and also we talked about investment in rail and BRT actually putting investment into the system Putting technology in to improve, you know being able to track vehicles give people information This has been happening in this is in Maputo for example also trying to provide They did a mapping exercise and provide information And so I'm just going to end with this idea of really we have to think about what is the future of this existing system That can is actually quite impressive in some ways it has service problems But these are not problems that can't be solved But right now are we going to displace and replace them because that's often the vision or we going to embrace engage innovate and improve Using new technologies From below to improve these kinds of services and systems and then frankly they're not going to look that different from Some of the what we are now considering innovative technologies In the global north of like via vans in New York, which are basically Matatou's with some technology So I'll end there Thank you very much. Thank you