 Dear students, in this module, we are going to discuss how Neocolonialism has been persisting the global stratification. Neocolonialism refers to the continued economic, political, and cultural domination of less developed countries by more powerful countries, even after the formal colonialism has ended. As you know, Pakistan was liberated in 1947 from British colonialism and the impact of British colonialism and its effects are still present in our society and our country. The period of British colonialism was the period of direct colonization. When any foreign power enters a country, its resources, infrastructure, and other people are captured. But when they leave the country, it does not mean that the country or the society will be liberated in true sense. Unfortunately, the colonial period of countries such as Pakistan and the exploitative system had a lot of distortions in its history, tradition, and ideology. After that, the effects of the colonial period, its ideology, its culture, its infrastructure, and its institutionalization. We are seeing the same colonial period in Pakistan, whether it is our judicial system, or our education system, or our political or economic system. So, there is no such system in Pakistan that can be saved from that colonial legacy. The important factor in this is that whatever Pakistan was liberated, after that, it went into a neo-colonial relationship in which the mode of dependency changed. When we left British colonialism, American colonialism became a victim. In this process of neo-colonialism, we have seen throughout the history of Pakistan how the economic cycle that was in the form of foreign aid, the American policies were predominantly constructed or constructed in which the role of Pakistan was not of an ally, but of a subordinate. So, neo-colonialism is another oppressive process that is maintained through unequal trade relationships, political interventions, and cultural imperialism. So, neo-colonialism not only affects foreign aid, it also affects dependency, political hegemony of a particular country, but also cultural imperialism. Predominantly, the people of that country were consciously or unconsciously influenced and affected by the colonial or neo-colonial power in their opinion. Their culture seems superior to them. So, the neo-colonialism in Pakistan has a devastating effect, which we still see today. It's a food for thought for you to see how Pakistan-U.S. relationships are. And as a result of these relationships, what are the aspects of Pakistani society that have affected it? You can see political institutions, economic institutions, or your education infrastructure, you can see the effect of neo-colonialism. In a nutshell, it would help you to understand that how neo-colonialism produces a perpetual system of global stratification that ultimately leads to inequality and oppression.