 Hey, so cap so I love being here and you know as I was walking around today, and I'd introduce myself and tell people I'm from Google I always got the same questions So I thought you know what let's just get that out on the table And you know what the question is right so it was working at Google the same as that movie the internship And so here's the thing it's it is actually very similar to that movie But you know that quidditch match with the interns we don't do the quidditch match But we do do lightsaber wars, you know in the summer with our interns Well as I have been out and about talking to our so cap tribe You know there's one thing that really comes across a really common passion that we all share and that is in so many Conversations people were basically trying to get to the bottom of this issue Which is how can I take Everything that I have my resources my capital what I can bring to the table the best of me and have the biggest Impact for humanity, you know regardless of the form the format whatever well at Google org That's a question that we asked ourselves every day basically and we wake up and we think okay We've got the 75 million dollar budget, but we've got 50,000 Googlers around the world How can we best utilize those things to make the most impact for humanity? Well when I first came to Google one thing I learned very quickly is that Google is a launch and iterate culture Right, so like a lot of the tech industry we throw spaghetti against the walls and we see what sticks we we launch We iterate and then we launch some more So we have tried a lot of different approaches throughout the years to find the the magic for us And so I thought tonight I could share three of the lessons that we've learned at Google Along our journey that have been relevant for us and might also have a little relevance for you So number one lesson and this one probably won't surprise you Is invest in the power of technology? So not surprising that Google is a big believer in technology and we are whether that's a self-driving car or even just a humble mobile phone But you know that humble mobile phone that phone that most of you have in your pocket right now Actually has more computing power than the computers that sent the Apollo mission to the moon and Access is spreading there are now more people with access to mobile phones than people who have access to toilets And once we get those phones boy, do we love to use them on average Americans use our phones about a hundred and fifty times a day And if you're like me It's like the first thing you reach for in the morning when you wake up And it's one of the last things that you you touch at night And we've seen you know just thinking this month alone thinking about the power that we've seen in Mobile tech, you know, we've seen people who've held up their phones Pointed out to the world and taken photos and videos and organized protests in a place called Ferguson And they've created a really important debate around race and police power We've seen people turn those phones on themselves to take selfies and To of themselves throwing buckets of ice water on their head and in doing that They've raised more than a hundred million dollars for ALS. Well, those are two examples just from this month alone But you know the power of computing devices is growing exponentially and it's not just phones It's in all sorts of form factors. It's in robotics. It's in wearables. It's in drones It's in Google Glass and what's really exciting is that there are tech innovators around the world who are thinking How do I use these new technologies to take on some of our world's toughest challenges? One of those challenges involves the African rhino And as you can see in this photo of this little guy The African rhino is actually on the path towards extinction. So this is a critical issue. This is a crisis And they're on the path to extinction because the the wildlife the trade in illegal wildlife is actually at the highest point That it's been in 25 years So an African rhino horn can get about Three hundred thousand dollars on the market now. So that means it's worth more than its weight in gold So this makes it one of the five most lucrative illicit markets in the world. So the same kind of bad guys who are Trafficking in drugs and weapons in human lives are also trafficking in Wildlife and you know what they're bringing money and resources to the table and they are also using technology But the good guys just don't have access to that technology and this is a clear case that without a huge leap forward We're not gonna succeed within two years rhino deaths are gonna overtake rhino births So this is a clear case where we need to invest in experimental technology To help us come up with new solutions new approaches and these this technology needs to work in places Like Chitwin National Park in Nepal So Chitwan is 360 square miles you can see some of the beautiful scenery here And it's wetlands and forest and mountains. There are no roads So the Rangers patrol on foot and on elephant on the back of elephants And you know the the bad guys I mentioned have the technology but the Rangers don't and this is a very Dangerous job for the Rangers in fact around the world about two Rangers are killed every week So this is a very very serious problem But the exciting thing is that we are working with the World Wildlife Fund or WWF on some really cool new Technologies including drones and including next generation tagging and even Google Glass So We're still very early on in this project But for example with the drones when things were seen one thing we're seeing is that you know when you have the drones up there They're able to send data on Migration paths and where the rhinos are feeding and breeding and this helps the Rangers to optimize and get themselves into the most critical areas They're also developing next generation tags Like wearables for rhinos where they're able to put on these low-cost lightweight sensors that have GPS trackers and then that information can be relayed in real time To the drones to help optimize their path as well as to the Rangers and then finally a researcher there on the ground Sabita came to us and said that she wanted to try and use Google Glass because As she's going out and monitoring and tracking the rhinos on foot and on the back of elephant would really help her To take photos to take videos to get the data and improve the work that she was doing So this this story of the work that World Wildlife Fund is doing in the front lines and places like Nepal to save Rhinos is a great example of our first lesson Which is the power of investing in technology and one thing that we really love about this this team at WWF is that they've been able to adapt really quickly to any curveball thrown their way and that leads to our second Lesson which is the importance on betting the importance of betting on teams and then allowing them to pivot So let me tell you a story about a nonprofit called give directly So give directly was founded by a group of really a wonky PhD econ types And when they first came to Google they said hey, you know, we have a really great idea for how we can take on poverty We're gonna give money to poor people They're like, oh, okay. We're a little skeptical In fact one of our executives Notably said you must be smoking crack But you know, here's the thing that really grabbed our attention They're able to use technology specifically Mobile payment systems to get the efficiency to the point where they can deliver 90 cents of every dollar Directly into the hands of the poor. So that's not 90 cents into you know program That's 90 cents directly into the hands of the poor and with This kind of efficiency. They've also seen great outcomes in the lives of the poor The other thing that struck us is they're using randomized controlled trials We hardly ever see this, you know, gold standard RCT in the field of development, but they've Invested in RCTs and they're showing that they're getting incredibly incredible outcomes in the lives of the poor by just giving them Cash and letting the poor make decisions about how it's spent whether it's investing in businesses School fees, but they're seeing reductions in hunger increases in health outcomes increases in the number of businesses Well, you know the exciting thing about what give directly does is it accomplishes two things on the one hand It's a mechanism to channel a lot of money Could that consumers might want to give directly to the poor in a highly efficient way But it also sets up a baseline It sets up a standard that says to anybody who wants to raise a dollar that they want to go spend on behalf of the poor and Say just make sure your outcome show that you can do more with the dollar than the poor could do with the dollar themselves So that's a really powerful Premise and so we backed them we gave them their startup funding and we also provided engineers who helped to code their back end But then they came to us shortly after that and said, you know Hey Google, we want to make a major pivot Because what we've really learned as we've been doing this is that alongside the nonprofit solution give directly We really need a market solution as well because there are billions of dollars that are being spent by governments Going directly to put to the poor, but these are going through really antiquated systems And you know think of these as pipelines with water going through and there's just money just leaking just leaking through government inefficiency through Corruption, but by applying technology We could really improve the flow that gets to the poor in in the tens of billions of dollars So we were like absolutely so we have reinvested in give directly But I think that they are a great example of the importance of funders acting like VCs in finding great teams betting on those teams and then allowing them to pivot Well, one other thing that comes up from my story of give directly is the importance of data for us in getting us from You must be smoking crack to we will be your largest funder So data is our third lesson and for us our mantra is let data be your guide So you might have heard recently Google announced our diversity statistics and if you didn't catch it I'll just give you the headline we have a lot of work to do So across Google were about 30 percent female, but in our tech roles. It's even worse We're about 18 17 percent female and about three to four percent black and Hispanic So as Google Thought about this problem You know diversity for us is a core human value But it's also a business critical issue for us because we have done research on our product teams And we have found that effective product teams have one thing in common one top thing in common And that is those teams have at least one woman So it's absolutely critical for us from a business and a product perspective To increase the number of women that we have coming in who are software engineers who have majored in in computer science in college And as we looked at this, you know There was some good news in that across the board women are getting more and more degrees in STEM science Technology engineering math degrees in college with one exception Computer science and in computer science. We're actually moving backward in the 1980s women We're getting about 37 percent of the computer science degrees now. It's about 18 percent. So we're going the wrong direction So as we looked at this and thought, you know, well What are the key lovers that are going to help get more women into college majoring in CS finishing computer science degrees? one thing really jumped out from the data as a key lover and that's the importance of taking advanced rigorous courses in high school in the math and sciences to prepare you for the rigor of college So kids who take advanced placement or AP classes and AP exams and do well in their AP exams are much more likely to go to college To actually finish college and get their degree and get a degree in math or science Okay, so we know that that's key but then we Needed to think about how in the world are we going to increase women and underrepresented minorities in these AP classes? And this is a real problem because if you look across America Fewer than 1% of the schools have AP classes that reflect the diversity of their students less than 1% and Literally intense in 10 states last year There were zero black students who took the AP computer science exam zero and across America If you look at all of the kids who took the AP computer science exam only 18 percent were women So you can see where the problems down the pipeline come from Well, so we did a search to try and find a partner who is doing really good work in getting more women and underrepresented minorities into AP's and we found equal opportunity schools out of Seattle, so EOS Who was originally funded by echoing green? It's doing amazing work in finding missing students They use data like grades and test scores and interviews with parents interviews with teachers Interviews with students then they take all of that data They run an algorithm that they've created and they literally find missing students students like Monica So Monica, this is a real students photo with another students data to protect privacy But Monica is very typical. So Monica is the first in her family to go to college and She has her test scores and the interviews show that she's a very high Capacity student has a lot of capability, but when you talk to her she says oh those classes aren't for people like me I wouldn't feel welcome there and in fact she literally did not even know how to sign up for an AP So what EOS does is they use their data? They find students like Monica they go and talk with her the teachers they get them into these courses And here's the amazing thing These kids like Monica who are selected by the data and put into the courses to do just as well as their peers and They are Finishing their APs taking the exams and doing well They're going to college and they're doing well in math and science majors as well In fact EOS over the last several years has gotten 10,000 kids just like Monica into these advanced courses So they're doing amazing work and this really Proves our lesson that it's important to let the data speak So summing it up if we look at our three lessons number one invest in technology to Bet on teams and give them the freedom to pivot and then third let data be your guide And then just one final thought you know Sort of a personal reflection as I was thinking about lessons But so I look back over my time at Google and the Gates Foundation and the government before that I think one of the most important lessons is that Innovation can and does emerge from sometimes some of the most unexpected places Even a village in Zambia. So a couple years ago. I was in Zambia. I was out there actually looking at clean water wells And I just happened to cross this mobile charging station that had been set up out in the bush from recycled parts and I found out it had been put together by 12 year old Daniel and Daniel at the time didn't even have the school fees to continue on his education But he had figured out how to set up the only charging station That was available to his entire village and he was charging everyone's phones. He was setting up the lights at night So I think one of the key lessons that I've taken away personally is that we need to find the Daniels of the world and the Sabitas and the Monaco's and we need to invest in them Because these are the innovators that are going to help bring us the kind of 10x impact that we need to take on some of our toughest challenges Thanks