 The theme of power is powerfully presented in Animal Farm. Indeed, it is first the major Jones' exertion of power in a really terrible way over the animals that sparks the rebellion, okay? So initially, when the story starts, we find that these animals are living under really terrible conditions and Major Jones, or rather, Farmer Jones, does not use his power kindly. In fact, he uses his power as a way to really mistreat them, to really brutally treat them almost essentially like slaves, and this is what sparks the rebellion. However, Napoleon also is later presented as having a thirst for power, and of course, when he does become powerful, he uses intimidation, force, and threats, as well as the dogs, in order to threaten the animals and to following what he wants, okay? So when it comes to writing about this theme, it's really important to remember key quotes and key words to do or to focus on, especially with word-level analysis, for the theme of power. So let's look at them, okay? Now, the first quotation, which illustrates how Farmer Jones uses and abuses his power against animals is when old Major is speaking to all of the animals and he states, bit and spur shall rust forever, cruel whips no more shall crack, okay? And this is him articulating, explaining the vision to the animals of an equal society where the animals basically take over the farm and they are no longer mistreated terribly by Farmer Jones and his men and they no longer have these elements, these things like bits in their mouth and so on, which control them, okay? And of course, what this is illustrating is that power was brutally used, also of course, contextually, in Russia before the 1917 revolution, Tsar Nicholas did kind of try to tighten his group over Russia through sheer force, especially as a way to make sure that the peasants stayed controlled, okay? Now, the word-level analysis you want to do here, which illustrates the terrible misuse of power by Farmer Jones is firstly, the nouns bit and spur, which of course are emblems and symbols of oppression, symbols of mistreatment, by Farmer Jones over the animals. Equally, you want to focus on the sibilants, spur and shell, okay, which illustrates obviously Old Major's anger at how the animals are treated and finally, this idea that he's hoping that one day the animals will take over and then crawl, whip, shell, no more crack, okay? So crack is onomatopoeia. The second quotation, which you could use to talk about the theme of power is when the animals get tired and you know, the sick and tired of how Farmer Jones is treating them, he doesn't even feed them properly, okay? And they rise up against him and the revolution happens, okay? Now here we can see the power taken back from the humans in the animals' hands, okay? And here also we can see the power of the mob, okay? Now, this is illustrated through this quote, the sudden uprising of creatures, ellipses frighten them. So of course, the humans are frightened when they suddenly see these creatures who, these animals, who they're so used to kind of seeing, looking docile, looking passive, being mistreated, being whipped and suddenly these animals turn on them, okay? And here, in terms of word-level analysis, you want to focus firstly on the noun uprising, okay? Meaning a revolt, a revolution that's happening within the animals and also the adjectives, or rather the declarative sentence even, whereby we learn that of course the humans are not used to seeing animals understanding the power and also understanding the sheer force of the numbers, which can really topple any leadership, okay? And of course, even in any kind of dictatorship, if everybody was to act together, they could easily topple the leader, okay? The next quotation, which illustrates the theme of power, is when we learn that Napoleon, of course, he then ends up rising up and leading the animals, but he becomes a dictator and we realize that he has always had this thirst and need for power, his driven by establishing and asserting his power and control over the animals. And this is shown when we learn that he obviously has raised these dogs to be his guard dogs, there was a terrible baying sound at side and nine enormous dogs, okay? So here we can see that Napoleon establishes his power not through the animals' love and the animals' caring for him, but actually through basically intimidation of the animals, okay? And of course, when you're thinking about power and how it's illustrated, once more, when you think about it contextually, Stalin relied on sheer violence and force in order to maintain his power. He also was only caring about maintaining power and having power rather than the good of the Russian population, okay? Now, the word of analysis you want to do here is firstly, the onomatopoeia baying, which is describing the terrible sound, this terrible menacing sound that the dogs make when the animals can hear them, okay? And also, the adjectives nine enormous to describe these dogs. And of course, remember that these dogs represent the secret service, police in Russia, okay? Which controlled and used terror to terrorize Russians. And of course, when these dogs appear, this is when Snowball was kicked out of the farm, okay? Now, the next quotation which illustrates power is how power is also established through indoctrination. In other words, mind control. And it's established through a dictator relying on a very effective propaganda machine. And of course, the propaganda for Napoleon was squealer. And the quote to highlight is, squealer spoke so persuasively. And the three dogs who happened to be with him growled so threateningly that they accepted. And of course, the animals just accepted whatever he told them, okay? So not only is he an effective propagandist, but if force is needed, the force was right there, okay? So the animals really had no way of a setting control at all. Again, here we can see that Napoleon uses both propaganda, so manipulating information, but also violence in order to establish his power. And any dictatorship relies on these two instruments in order to brutally suppress its people, okay? So in terms of a wide-level analysis, what you wanna focus on is firstly, the sibilance of squealer spoke and so, okay? And obviously this is showing the insidious effect that squealer is having on everybody, okay? In obviously making them think differently and even questioning the reality. Equally, the persuasively adverb shows the power of words in order to manipulate people, okay? And the other thing you want to focus on is the animals that growled, the dogs that growled next to him, okay? So the dogs were just there just in case anybody was wanting to think for themselves, okay? You could also face violence from these dogs, okay? So this onomatopoeia makes the dogs seem very menacing and of course illustrating that power can also be maintained by a dictator through force. And finally, you want to focus on the iteration of threateningly that they, so iteration of T, okay? The next quotation which illustrates power and the theme of power is how boxer who represents the majority of Russia's population, the peasant population who, or basically mistreated under the Tsar Nicholas, but then when Stalin took over, he then still also treated them badly, okay? And all they did was just work, work, work. And they basically had, they were basically controlled both in their minds, but of course also in the bodies because they're constantly working, okay? So of course this illustrates their powerlessness and this is illustrated through boxer, always chanting to himself, I must work harder, I must work harder. And we can see here, the really sad reality that a lot of the peasant population really were, they contributed to Russia's growth. They also contributed to the USSR, but they never ever saw the fruits of the labor, okay? All they did was just work. Now, here what you want to focus on in terms of word level analysis is firstly, the modal verb must, where the peasants feel like they have no choice but to just keep on working hard and just staying loyal to the leader. In this case, contextually, it was Stalin, but of course in this case, it was boxer working much harder for Napoleon, who then betrays him by selling him to the knackers and the comparative adjective harder, okay? It's never enough. He just needs to keep on working harder, harder and harder and harder, okay? Now, the next quotation relating to the theme of power is, where we can see that Napoleon, he becomes a consummate dictator, not only does he establish total control over the farm through violence, through intimidation and propaganda, but then he now starts elevating himself almost to this god-like presence, okay? And he really takes a backseat from actually doing anything for the farm. Actually, he even disappears and he just becomes, you know, focused on pursuing pleasures, he drinks loads, and we learn later on in the story, in these days, Napoleon rarely appeared ellipsis. When he did emerge, it was in a ceremonial manner, okay? So again here, we can see that Napoleon amassed all of this power in order to make himself a god, okay? It was all about him. It was all about how the animals are serving him. Same to Stalin in USSR Russia, especially towards the end of his days. He became incredibly consumed with power. He also became very, very paranoid of men around him, okay? There were even reports of, you know, sometimes he would make his ministers, have to dance for him and things like that. And again, all of this is so removed from what a leader is supposed to be doing. Rather than, you know, focusing on running USSR effectively, he's focused on basically disempowering those around him. Now, going back to this, the word love analysis you want to do here, when it comes to showing how Napoleon completely betrays the principles of animalism, and actually he only cares about his power. He doesn't care about the animals he's serving. This is shown through firstly, the noun Napoleon, okay? Of course, this is illustrating how Napoleon was only focused on himself. Also, the adverb rarely, okay? Which shows he doesn't really look after his office. He doesn't work really hard. He's not out on the farm. He's just completely away from the farm whilst all the animals are working. Also, focus on the word Napoleon and he, which is anophora, okay? Remember, anophoraic reference is when the subject is repeated throughout a sentence, okay? And finally, the main thing you want to focus on is emerge, which shows that Napoleon was like totally aloof. He didn't really care about the animals. All he cared about was just looking after his own power and interest. And finally, the adjectives ceremonial, which is when he would come out. He wanted all the animals to worship him. Oh, Napoleon is coming out and there would be pomp and circumstance. And it's very, very typical of dictators. There's always a big fanfare they want because they want to basically position themselves almost as gods, right? Because if they are gods, then people have to keep them in power. Otherwise, if, you know, there will be no person to look to as a god if you were to topple them, okay? So he really elevated himself to a godlike status so that the animals can't imagine having anyone else, but Napoleon is a leader, okay? So that's really it when it comes to key quotations relating to power in Animal Farm. And I hope you found this video as well as the quotations useful in your revision for either your course of career exams. Thanks so much for listening.