 Please give them a warm welcome onto the stage. Thank you Thanks very much to give us this opportunity to talk about the project that we are working at the moment My name is Zore as you heard about that and I'm a template for the smart city project in DCU and For last three and a half years. We have been working for this smart city project So yeah, my name is Marcus Helford So my background is kind of in the intersection between computing and business So architecture fits very well into that and that's where I coordinate a reasonably sized research group now at Dublin City University And also I'm teaching in that area So I hope we didn't raise too much expectation when I just look at the title of the presentation reference methodology but what we want to share is actually our experience and Lessons learned around working in the space of enterprise architecture and applying enterprise architecture concept to the smart city space where we both lead Reasonable sized research project. So the research project is linked in a research center in Ireland Liro the software the IV software research center and I have to say this is funded by Science Foundation Ireland So I have my done my acknowledgement at that stage So now we can get to the real topic. So what we will do for the presentation We will both present so sorry probably presents most of it because it's her work and her dream But I add to it Hopefully with some valuable Comments addition around that. So but maybe sorry if you start with it. Yes. Thank you We are going to start with this slide about smart city in smart cities, we are talking about different Smart things like smart buildings smart economy smart health healthcare and many other different things small grease and When again when we are talking about smart cities We are talking about connected systems because we need to provide new services to the citizens by connecting the data coming from different systems and also to make this Possible and to realize this we need to share the databases between all of these Different domain and services and as you can see we have the databases at the moment on cloud we have many open databases available for the cities and By putting all this information and data together we can provide different services to the cities and All of this will happen all creating all this data are Created by IOT devices and sensors installed in different spaces and Maybe Marcus can explain more about this Yeah, so basically so why is it actually so challenging because basically so IOT devices are now Around for a while software systems anyway and smart smart buildings. They exist as well So why is it actually difficult? Why does the smart cities actually have a challenge to bring all of this? Different things together. So to me is basically that a layer in the middle somewhere where we want to connect the different Domains so basically so traffic energy also mobility Public services so basically in a smart city what we're trying to do is actually using the data what we have and Combining and sharing that across the domains and that becomes really complex on the end So basically that diagram tries to show the interconnection between the different domains and the complexity of actually even just Understanding that not not even to manage that so basically without actually and for understanding a deep understanding of the connections of the Architecture behind that it's not possible to actually combine all of these different Devices different domains Together so for us on the beginning it was actually fundamental that we actually architect that kind of scenario Around that because of the increased complexity the different connection between the different domains the different use cases Yes, and here in the left side You can see some different services which can be provided by putting the data together from different domains For example for a smart building we can have some new services in terms of energy efficiency and also we can use building information together with live data to promote energy saving behaviors and Also, we can do something for security management we can have building information and put together with live data for example about the Sensors installed on the doors windows to let security people know that for example some areas are not safe and We have other examples here for example for smart energy as you can see and also Smart mobility all of these services can come by putting all these different data from different domains together Yeah, and now one big difference as well from a technical oriented smart city is actually also that that we actually fundamentally trying to improve lives and trying to be Improved the quality of life economic situation Innovation in cities so everything what we do is somewhere linked to that overall goal to improve quality of life Economic situation environment, so it's basically driven by that So it's not just because we have the devices to actually Combine the data. It's actually with the goal of that Improving life aim for smart cities. Yes, and here we have some more detailed use cases one of the use cases is about Dublin Dockland smart district and here you can see The district that they are trying to make this area as the smart area in Dublin And they are doing many different infrastructure to enable smartness in this area and also something related to Energy and Energy aspects in in total and also there will be a Hackathon event that they are trying to see how we can use data from Different domains put together and to come up with some new services The hackathon with will be between 11 to 12 May and we are part of this hackathon as well Yeah, and again this use case on the Dublin docklands shows again the kind of the combination Between different domains so what they're trying to do is actually using data from a smart building to maybe do something on the traffic Management do something maybe on actually the economic situation on innovation around it So basically using data which they have from IOT devices in there in other domains and combining that and Managing that yes, and we have some other use cases here. You can see Because part of my research although also is about information management for building how we can use this information to Provide new services in the area of energy management security management For last six months. I Was involved in this project. I got some fund from science foundation Ireland to think that how we can extract this information from the new emergent beam technology and Put together with for example with the data from IOT devices to come up with this new services for smart buildings and And the challenge there is not to get the data directly out of the building information system What they have to have security data It's also not necessarily just the understanding of the schemas of that building information Management system. It's actually when we talk with facility management. For example in Dublin City University It's actually bringing that security data energy usage data of the building to gather Maybe with some data they have about the student behavior student Learning in there and then basically providing some useful Insights into actually the life and learning in students in that particular area of the university So in that regard the university and that smart buildings in Iowa So I just mentioned is kind of we call that the mini city type of Environment where we have a big compass. We have buildings in there. Some are have more sensors some have less some have So we can combine that so but fundamentally what we want to do is improve the learning experience from the students So and basically what we did there we started with what do we need to know to improve the learning experience from the students And then connect that so that's one of the kind of scenarios use cases and connect that with the possibilities of Sensual information information what we have in in the buildings and just even that example shows then that Architecture is actually fundamental to that. So it's not just creating an API. It's not just Understanding one database. It's actually understanding the technology layer Combining that with application so the information layer and thinking about the services what we actually can use and now you're all in that kind of Talk of enterprise architecture space and I'm pretty sure that's found sounds very familiar to talk of the three layers And that's where we came from with these kind of use cases then Yes, and we have some other use cases for example here how we can use Information and data from different domains together to come up with new services to the city This is an example for example to prevent flood in the city We can just get some information from weather prediction Databases and also we can put get some data from buildings about the underground capacities to store water For example rainwater or all the water for the buildings and then by putting together these things we can See that if there is any possibility to have a flood in the area Also, it can be used for urban planning for infrastructure planning because based on the The capacity for underground water we can just know that what are the required Structure for this urban area and we can use it for designing the city Infrastructure, yes, and I think that's all the use cases. That's the three use cases what you have what we have here so but I also one more okay, then I keep that sentence for the next one so yeah, and Here it's about the football counter. We have been working with the limerick city council for Project for a smart city project and also at the moment we are involving in a bigger European project the Marcus will talk about that later probably and for this one also we are using this information about the Steps in an area in the city for example to plan for Further bus services for that specific area We can use the collected data, but by the football counter service for many different reasons So and now these four use cases they seem to be very similar in other cities Maybe they call it differently. So like innovation innovation space a new nice kind of smart area Somewhere quality of like student life or quality of life a footfall counter flood management mobility So many cities have embarked on similar projects where they use smart like IOT devices Information around that and now when we look at these four use cases actually the combination of all of this That's the interesting one. So how you can actually combine footfall counters flood management Also innovation center. So really bringing back to that first kind of slide what you had They actually have different domains and the connection around that and that's really difficult That's challenging to understand even the data flows between all of these devices and and between the different applications and even when we think about for example GDPR data flows become really important And if you have like actually the combination of all of these four or five or many use cases I'm pretty sure without architecting without describing that it's challenging probably impossible to actually maintain and manage all of this So and this is fundamentally the driver where we started to work with limerick city and county council together Well, you mentioned the footfall counter example where we started to Zoom into one use case once service But not forgetting the rest actually the rest of the city and that's where we architect that around and Here you can see that we started to talk about the challenges for Smart city architecture and the first and important the most important thing is incorporation of the Strategies for the city into the architect the overall architecture for the city and the question was that what can be this us architecture like and and Here Marcus will talk about the data So just just if you go back just to that slide so basically so for us It's really important to connect all these different layers and not forgetting the vision or the strategy of the city so actually the Division the aim and the Strategy of the city is actually the driver why we actually architected in a certain way and that seems to be Often forgotten when we talk about smart cities. It's often technical driven even in the city where we are I would categorize that more like a kind of an east initially it was more in a in a in a technical way It changed over time, but I think cities realize that actually that full picture is really important So it's actually understanding the services what we provide to the citizens and to the business And how can we provide these services with application and technology to fulfill the strategic order the strategy Goal around that so that diagram is really fundamental kind of our way how we look at it And it's very similar probably to or it is similar to that kind of talk of enterprise architecture community a layered approach with different views and Combining that and keeping that coherent and that's what to me what enterprise architecture management is to manage these Kind of layers the different views and keeping it coherent to actually provide on the end the services the city needs so and then we basically like a couple of years ago we started then to look at Enterprise architecture how that actually can help and to me and you are all familiar with the Architecture development method diagram at least So it fits very well into the tour graph and the architectural development methodology way of thinking of basically having an vision and that comes from the strategy so We have kind of a why or an aim to do that that comes from the use cases So it's very clear to us that basically we can't just architect the whole city and architect the whole Information landscape information systems. No, it needs to be use case driven. It needs to be clear benefits It needs to be clear benefits to the to the citizens or the Industry the companies within that then also to me because we're not talking just about Small number of databases small number of applications actually Architecting data flows procedures data management Standards mapping between that interfaces becomes a central part what architecture actually describes So that's actually the why that the what so how to describe the complexity around that so these are architectural models and then and I think this is really important also in talk of is actually immigration path and the implementation part in into that so basically if you have a to be architecture Somewhere designed. We need to think about Adoption and behavioral change so and that's important particular when we're talking about social technical systems or tick systems with Citizens involved if humans involved so we need to think about how actually behavior can change how people use information how people Use or live in and and work in that nice smart way So how do they actually adopt? Technology so and change management migration is important and it's not just technical migration It's actually migrating of the the social technical systems are we talking about physical Cyber physical social systems so the social architecture the how people work and live together and how they actually For example commute in the city some mobility without behavior change This can't be actually all this kind of the smart way around that. Yes. Thank you And how we did develop such a methodology to do all of these things to do the transformation to do the implementation and so far This is the story for our research We started with this idea that we need to design Services with regard to other services in the city Which is coming we need some data from portfolio management in a city Which is talking about different projects and services and also we need some inputs from strategies from the city councils in smart cities and by this we are going to design Services to think about some context Requirements which are coming from the city context and also we need to design all the aspects to design a service and Afterward we are going to have an architecture. The next step would be the transformation or implementation of the new services in the city and Here you can see this is the overall idea how we are going to do this type of Transformation as you can see we have the green engine on top of this Cities in the portfolio and we were thinking that what we should do is we are moving to Change all of the services and make them up to date because based on the all these Contextings because based on the all the requirements for service design and also providing the Alignment between the indeed the services and information layer. This is the overall idea for the disarchitecture Yes, and that's inspired by for example the talk of architectural development method the circular diagram Basically, where we basically like adding services to the service portfolio over time and adjusting and enriching and Expanding the architecture and so basically I have to be honest now in the beginning when we wrote the research proposal to get the funding and all that We talked about the reference architecture Which somewhere was then relatively clear that actually a reference architecture in the smart city space is either too high level Not as useful as it could be or it's too detailed and too far specifically Use case in a specific city, which is also not so useful as a reference architecture So that was then also the shift around that actually kind of a methodology to manage and adding services to that architecture in a specific case. Yes, and Here we have the initial version of the framework that we have designed as you can see we have the same layered structure for this framework the new layers that we have added to the Architecture our context layer and service layer in the context layer. We are going to talk about stakeholders and mainly citizens in smart city and also their concerns because the the most goal The most important goal for smart cities is improving quality of life for citizens and also we are talking about local goals for the cities and Different standards and principles which should be considered to develop services Yes, and basically like there's a small thing on that diagram that little circle on the right Corner that's actually really important. That shows that kind of continuation that adding services to it So it's not a model which we develop in one big go. It's actually adding over time So that's really important. So we wanted to make it bigger, but that would have kind of Didn't fit into the diagram But this is kind of I just wanted to say it actually this this little this little error is important and then I want to mention Three projects where PhD students currently work on and I think this is really important to enrich and develop that a bit Further one is basically Expanding and looking at the meta model. That's our he made Modeling language probably most many of you are familiar with that. So basically adding the certain components certain concepts on it Where we basically adding a models to it So where we basically and sorry we'll explain it in a second So basically keeping the layers coherent to other projects one look specifically on data life cycles So basically like to me this an architecture is at that stage still very static But actually the interesting one is actually how data is Moving and how the data life cycle particular when we think about now GDPR data life cycles becomes really important So this is an essential component in there Which we don't see in the diagram really data life cycles and the third one is around risk. So What is actually the risk about an architecture if I basically what what can we assess that? So that's an interesting one actually. So can we assess risk of an architecture? can we look at an architecture analyze that and Looking at the potential implications in if you implement that in terms of risk So this is kind of three. I think exciting PhD projects where the students of us Working on so yes, and as you can see here, we have three main focus area it's the constakes layer service layer and the relationship and Why this relationship and alignment is new because we have already created a new layer The name is service layer because in the smart cities We don't have that business layer really and we have services and we are we have also different businesses who are coming to get together to create a new service for example in mobility area and I will explain a little more about the research Done during for this all these three areas and here you can see as Marcus mentioned We have done metamodelling for the created architecture We have had some use cases for example the footfall counter is one of the use cases that we have had for the Limerick City Council and we are trying to do simulation to show them the results how Effective can be used use of this architecture and I will explain about the simulation a little later and Here I start with the context layer which has been My specific topic. I've been working on as you can see we have developed a taxonomy of different components and this taxonomy has been established on the three main things which is about stakeholders quality factors in the smart city and also Service design and based on these three main topic. We have just explored and extracted Different things that which which can be related to this area for example stakeholders Can be divided to three different groups? citizens Authorities and also service developers each of these groups have their own concerns for example for citizens Lower cost is for the services is essential for the authorities Realization of smartness is important and for service developer having more benefits and more market share is important and also We have also considered Standards principles and different things that need to be considered to design the services as an example Data principles open data is an essential principle for smart cities And we have tried by this taxonomy We try to connect and relate all of these things to different stage of the design a design of services Yes, and although this looks like a little bit academic and it is academic So we published this but it also shown that actually when we talk to cities it helps to start that conversation What are the specifics about that city? What are the services? What are the stakeholders? They are most worried about or concerned about so what are and it helps us to design and understand Services, so that's kind of where it goes. So asking the right questions basically And I just want to refer to the city visions as an example the city vision for Barcelona is talking about Some steps to come up there for the services We should be designed and for this what they are saying is the main thing is talking about the vision for the city What would be the vision and based on this vision? They are going to Plan some strategy goals and also they are going to just go Deep into more details and referring to the goals for the local Local goals for the cities and based on that they are going to define some programs For example for worse Barcelona based on the vision that they have defined They already have 22 programs to realize the smart city and totally I want to say this context layer is completely related to the Vision for the cities and these are the components We have another ongoing research and ongoing paper to write it down that this Context layer is completely coming from the city vision and we want to buy this We want to provide a link between Service development process and also with the city vision because the city visions are normally in very abstract level We are trying to provide some type of link and bridge between city vision and also service development industry and Here you can see we have defined some activities and process for Development of the context layer. This is the process and you can see all these components stakeholders concerns and goals and based on that defining Related standards and principles should be considered to develop a service The next one is related to The service layer and in service layer. We are going to define different things related to a service for example function of the service the medium that we are trying to provide this to the citizens and also the actors for the service and The other resources that we need to provide this service and the thing is that for this stage we just dip into the Service design science to come up with all these components for the service layer And this is the process that we have defined for a service architecture as and as you can see here the Context statement is an input to define and describe a service based on the strategies and the outcome would be service description By which we are going to see what are the services we need to have in the city and also here we have the Relationship process the relationship is new because we have the new service layer and We need to define the links between service layer and information layer For example, we need to see what are the city services that we need to put together to come up with a new Service for the city based on the defined strategies and in this reason It's important to define these relationships and this is the process that we have defined already and Then we are going to The step for assessing the created architecture as I explained we have been in contact with limerick city council all these structured architectural things are a little Academic and theoretical for them, but we need to convince them that this architecture is working for them and by this we have used software to do the simulation and an initial version of the simulation that we have done is Here about the footfall counter. We just put all the components in the technology layer information that layer in And service layer also context layer all of these data are real data coming from the Dlimerick city and by this we needed to know how it works for them and for this purpose we did some type of simulation and as you can see just we did a simple type of simulation by considering that for example, if we have one data source what's happening with Waiting in the queue to get access to the resource data sources And what if we have number of data sources and as you can see that for example a top Right one you can see that for example the delay would be zero when we have number of resources and We have some delays when then we have access to one of the data sources. We are doing more advanced Simulation we are working on this and very close to the city exchange project that I just explained people we are trying to make it more practical from city order at this point of view and Yeah, that's the summary. These are the lesson learned Maybe Marcus would like to say something Generally about what we got and what how we did yeah in particular if you have still three minutes, I think so So basically what you saw on the simulation and I think this is really interesting when we're actually not looking at just the static architecture we're looking at the behavior of an architecture and I refer to I mentioned that The data life cycles so basically when we think about that basically like the different connections What we mentioned on the beginning of the the presentation we can configure that in various ways So we can basically configure different data life cycles. What is the impact? So you had one slide on with waiting time What is the impact on waiting time or what is the impact of that actually information is not accessible at that time? So what is actually behavioral aspects around that? So how is it impacting for example information sharing offer the food for a counter one? One question was how many sensors should they have how Accurate should the sensors be what is the frequency of updates? Don't know and it depends on the architecture all of these questions are actually Architectural questions on the end so how I connect all of this Is it better to store on the edge in the device some data? Pre-process it or is it better actually put it somewhere in a server and do something there? So that all depends it depends on the aim what they want to have also on the budget probably but also on the aim So and combining that into architecture so and that's I think is to me that one of the best arguments Why we need architecture because on the end I can tailor actually a solution to a city with the context And I can basically design an architecture which is suitable for that particular city And that's why we got away from that reference architecture. So basically having a blueprint This is kind of maybe we have components which work, but we need to contextualize it So we need to really understand the cities We need to understand what they what they want and a final note is also We don't want to compete and that will be far too much compete with talk of we using to graph We basically so in that process what you're out like we refer to talk of we basically just at some specifics What we believe is important in a smart city context. That's what we're trying to do So understanding if you use to graph that was our thing on the beginning using to graph in smart cities Does it work or not and what over these that that project we learned what things what we believe should be added or referred to And of course talk of is there's there's a lot like what we refer to to talk of like we don't want to Replicate compete or anything. It's really we using talk of that's like and I think that's the final statement in zero minutes So I stop here. Yeah, thanks very much just for your information This is the website that we have created and all the information about research can be find in the link over there. Thank you Thank you Please take a please take a seat you've generated I think possibly a record number of questions Which may be good or may not we may not get to all of them But but I'll dive straight in your point about your point about togeth and it's exactly what we What we encourage is you adapt it for the way in which it's useful for you, and that's exactly what we What what we hear time and time again, and that's the best way to use it so moving right in In terms of data management for smart cities, how do you handle? interoperability and integration challenges from different information sources Okay, I can take the first part on that so maybe I refer to that the newest project It's a it's European Lighthouse project a city exchange project So where limerick is one of the lighthouse cities and exactly that question comes up kind of there are Technology providers they have different systems different devices and basically one of the technical challenges is actually to integrate them So basically looking at standards APIs around that but even that is not so easy because certain APIs are already existing Certain APIs are proprietary. So it's a really difficult area But what we want to do there is at least Understanding APIs understand the metadata so building a kind of a repository around that where we basically have then kind of Data spaces where we basically know where we can locate data how to access data and the metadata around that access is very important So I keep it a little bit short otherwise, and probably for a long time That's good. Thank you a question on sustainability Do you measure the full energy and carbon footprint? environmental impact of smart cities including IOT devices and infrastructure manufacturing Maybe I can answer this Question because we have been three groups involved in this big smart city project This part for sustainability has been part of the University of Galway Over there. They have been working for this and also we have minute University The people over there are working on the business model side of this project and for us It has been for architecture side Yes, so in manuf they have developed a dashboard on sustainability Environmental impact and also referring to the city exchange a lighthouse project So one of the aims there is actually no or low energy districts actually positive energy Districts so they generate energy and of course one of the big thing is actually measuring energy consumption sustainability on that Okay What are the cyber security challenges of integrating data from all the domains such as health care and building? physical security, I Don't think I can't give an answer to that. That's a lot A lot of different sources coming in exactly but also for us. It's basically not like that. There are groups who look at Encryption security challenges around that and I mentioned one of the PhD students She looks into a risk of architecture and when we started with this there was also a discussion around should we look at security risk? We specifically excluded that for that part because there are research groups who look into that So because it's such a wide and specified area on Security, I It's very important, but it's not the main focus of our work. Right. Okay Let's see You mentioned The enterprise continuum in the methodology approach. Have you applied any reference model or reference architecture for smart cities or Is that what you're essentially trying to create? Indeed, this is what we are thinking that we cannot Restructure everything from scratch. We need to Bring existing Platform existing framework and everything Into this domain and we need to and that's the reason that we have started to see for example We have existing services We need to bring them into this framework for a smart city and also from the other side We are looking after the new services which are supposed to be created but we need to Put them this working and that's the main thing about the architecture continuum Yes, and we don't start from zero basically of course for example might know the espresso project which is a European or was a European project on reference architecture and there's great work work in that so Again, we don't want to replicate or compete with of course We're using certain blueprints and and recommend that as well And that's also one of the things why we actually use archimage as the modeling language It's not only because it fits very well into the enterprise architecture Way of thinking but it also gives us a way to actually compare and looking at blueprints and integrating blueprints into an overall architecture over that enterprise continuum great to hear good. Thank you There's a question here. Did you consider using the open group SOA governance framework for the service layer? Indeed we have had a look on all of different Existing knowledge and we are trying to use them but at the same time we have had a more focus and started with the Context layer we need to provide This details to the service providers. It's not like that. We are not I mean starting from Service development. We are not talking about starting from the service oriented architecture We are starting from one step back. This is from the city context This is the effort that we have doing We have the Performing have been performing so far to say that Strategies for the cities is important and just one I want to mention something Based on we can see in the city vision that Technology is not first now This is the strategies which are coming first and then they are going to for example To design to design new services new infrastructure and all of these We are trying to take the concentration from Service and technology side to the Strategy and vision side for the cities There were about ten more questions that we did we we won't have time for so I'll I'll just pick one and and please You might expect some questions over over lunch or whatever. I think Yes, I'll pick one that that came in early And and that is Something we let's see Yeah, how do you what is your approach to? Devising your use cases. How do you decide which problems to tackle? Indeed For example for Limerick City Council. We have been in contact. We are just going Straightly to their problem. What is their problem in this case? It would be interesting if we have some result in this reason We are just pointing to their problems and trying to shape up a use case based on their main concerns and also Because as we told in the context layer, we have stakeholders and their concerns and We have already defined smart service is a service which can respond to some of the needs for the stakeholders Therefore we are defining the use cases based on this Yes, and I would say that was an interesting question So basically it fits because we are from the university So we are of course interested in the academic side of research But also our research methodology design science is very suitable for exactly that So basically working with in that case cities together Identify their concrete problems and helping them with it So I would say the use cases what we're working on are actually from the practice practice Driven so from the city's driven and we Accommodate that with our research side around that. Okay, and I will just sneak one more in because I'd be interested. Are you interested in following up with the open group on this adaption of what you're doing? Yes, definitely like there's also a reason why we are here. So basically I think also Open group and and talk up and that environment is a really kind of it We are not there on the end yet Basically, we can be the discussion and that collaboration is fundamental to advance the enterprise architecture Worker around that and one of the challenges what we have is really initially to explain why architecture enterprise Architecture is so fundamental particular either to the more technical people So basically like they would like to go straight away into developing APIs and systems or on the other side the more managerial City manager to actually they would see it as kind of there's another layer in the middle So why do we need that? So we need to constantly articulate where enterprise architecture is important And I think that would be something where we collect use cases For example talk of enterprise architecture in cities where it's really proven to work and where we can clearly Really show the benefits and I know the members of our open platform 3.04 and where we have done our smart cities Where it would be very interested in how you progress with that and so Marcus sorry. Thank you very much. Thanks very much