 So I'd like to share some examples of laminar flow. They're not too interesting to see moving because they're typically very slow, but we do have some nice places to go and look at them. So this is Antarctica, where I've had the pleasure of working and we're going to zoom into Pierce Valley and I'll show you the location and then I'll show you some of the glaciers, one of the glaciers. Okay. So I'm going to be showing examples of some photos of this glacier right here. Okay. So that glacier is this one right here. And one of the first things that you can notice about the glacier is that it has relatively steep sides. Right, so we don't have scale here yet, but this is tens of meters high and the sides are very steep. And one of the ways it can retain that steepness is because it has a relatively high viscosity. Okay, so here's another view of that same glacier. Right, so you have the area up here is the same as the area here. And we can look at this side in here, which is the next photo I'm going to show. Okay, so one of the things that you can see in both this photo, let me get rid of that ugly line because it's such a beautiful glacier. One of the things you can see in the photo is that you have these very distinct lines in the glacier. And so what's happening is that as the glacier falls across this cliff, it's picking up sediment and it's eroding the sediment from parts of the glacier over here and they're getting incorporated into the ice. And then those spots remain the same and they're based on what's at the bottom of the glacier and the particles get transported downstream, parallel to each other in a laminar sense. Right, there's no real mixing of these lines. So that's sort of how you can tell by looking at the side of this particular glacier that it's a laminar fall. I'm going to scroll down and I'm going to show you a couple of examples from another area. So this is, these are two images from New Zealand and I will show you where those are. I have this all prepared. So there's a beautiful hike in New Zealand. We'll zoom out just a little bit again, wrong way, a little bit, where you can hike up this valley and look up at the glacier here. So I'm going to move this to the side and the view that we have in this image is me standing along the stream here looking up at the water pouring down the image here. And so what you actually see is you have the ice at the top with a high viscosity and as it melts it changes to liquid water and you get this high viscosity or the low viscosity and it flows down rapidly in this turbulent zone. And you can tell that the water is turbulent by the mixing that you see in this example here in addition to just seeing the turbulence. What you have is you have this stream is flowing in and it's coming, it's the outflow of the water that's accumulating in this valley. It has a lot of very fine debris from the glacier and it's mixing with much cleaner water. And if you look in the zone down here there's a very distinct difference here between the two waters but as you move downstream it's mixing together and that mixing is a result of the turbulence. Thanks for watching.