 The PI3K-AKT-MTOR signaling pathway plays a crucial role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, and angiogenesis, and its components are complex. Its regulatory mechanisms and biological functions are significant in many human diseases, including ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and tumors. PI3K-AKT-MTOR signaling pathway inhibitors include single component and dual inhibitors, with numerous PI3K inhibitors exhibiting good results in preclinical studies, and some being clinically tested in hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The review summarizes the research on the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway, discussing its structural composition, activation, communication processes, regulatory mechanisms, and biological functions in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. This article was authored by Fei Xu, Lisin N.A., Yin Fei Li, and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.