 I am Funtown Mengstu, Director for Amara Regional Cultural Research Institute. Over the last three days, our Nile Basin Development Challenge stakeholder workshop we have learnt a lot on what has been achieved over the years which can be used as an input for policy and decision making. We have learnt that although there is a good policy framework in the country there are gaps, especially implementation at grass root level. For instance what has been mentioned was integration of water and agricultural activities lacking more emphasis is given on blue than green water and also there are some failures on understanding the farmers adoption and etc. Another point is with the modest natural resources and rainwater management generally we can bring about significant change in a relatively short time and improve overall productivity in people's livelihoods. And of course on water rainwater management especially for instance irrigation can be taken as an incentive for improved water management. But the thing is that sustainability has appeared really a key issue on what we do on rainwater and natural resources management. Therefore increased participation of the community and apart from long term benefits, evidence showing short term benefits for the farmers can be incentive for sustainability of our rainwater management and natural resources management activities. We understood that we are lacking hydrological planning. We need to plan at landscape level, at watershed level, at basin level. Otherwise what we do on plot basis, on farm basis and what is planned in isolation will result in conflict and as a result is a real sum game. When the upper stream people get the benefit, the downstream people will lose. Therefore hydrological planning, wide area planning is which we have learned during our workshop. Another important point is we don't understand fully the farmer and the farmer's circumstances. We don't have cross community learning. As a result our scaling up activities, all our technological options are less adopted by the farmer. Therefore we need to know very well. We need to fully understand the farmer during our water management activities.