 to any introduction as Professor Luth had given, introduced me. I would like to talk about what is happening in India and this is more on a perspective in of India and just I would like to mention that as the geography, India is a land which has got diversity starting with the you see we have the Himalayas on the north, you see we have the great Himalayas and then the green ones obviously shows the river in the alluvial plain and this part is also oldest land once the Gondola land and accordingly people living in different environment they have varied kind of culture that has developed through ages and this is what shows that it is just a small summary of the types of cultural diversity that we find and if we look at the bigger geography it also had a very variation because there was not much of the this was more or less a swampy land until about 10,000 years it is where not suitable for human habitation this is the oldest land mass and we get evidences of culture from here from the sub Himalayan regions and also from this region until later on we get them from the alluvium plains of Indus and Ganges but these later on they had given a good flourishing culture in the in these river valleys the subcontinent is inhabited for the last 2 million years and that means that goes back to 2 million years and it developed in a checkered pattern and though we have the history of developing highly urban civilization on the river valleys like the Harappan civilization Indus civilization but always there were city centers urban centers but in the rural areas in different areas cultures like Neolithic even Mesolithic type of hunting gathering that had continued and when so we have the folk culture together with the has we have at the present day we also had it earlier and mainly in legally anthropological survey of India an archaeological survey of India their form who are responsible for marking which are the heritage and which should be preserved everything should be preserved anyway so they are usually like following UNESCO we have two divisions tangible and intangible and I am more interested in the intangible one because tangible ones like building historical places monuments etc are being preserved but our behavior pattern our belief our skill and these are also very important part of our cultural heritage I should mention since I am also anthropological secretary of Asiated Society the that goes back to 1784 when William Jones had founded this society it's still going very strong looking after all the academic activities regarding heritage and until 1810 government didn't take up much initiative for preserving and legislating our heritage then India got freedom and then there were declaration of acts for preservation of ancient and historical monuments and archaeological sites then we following UNESCO as all of you know we had these conventions and which were signed and finally we had about 2005 and 2006 for the preservation of tangible cultural heritage together with the tangible ones like the building and monuments now I have taken up a few of the skills of early heritage that are intangible in nature and one of these is Ayurveda that is our I think it's very much global at the present moment which is a science of medicine with which has got its origin in ancient India and there are evidences even in as early as 7000 years before present that people were using plant medicine and the first written evidence that we get is that says that it's a Sanskrit word Ayurveda means age or life and whether means knowledge so this is about the science of love life or longevity and this guy gives an idea about the ailments diseases symptoms diagnoses cure and realize heavily heavily on herbal medicines then Ayurveda the evidences that come up are definite evidences because you know these aren't degradable materials so from a site called Mehagod that is in part of India we get 70,000 years back 7000 years back we have the evidence and on the here you find this is a picture of a sea that had been found and these seas show the worship of the plants it's a kind of ceremony someone say that it was so much money and this definitely shows that there was some kind of reverence to the plants for giving some kind of blessing to the human being then the first written document that comes is about 2500 from 2500 BC that's called Veda with Veda and in which we get the evidence written evidence of the treatment with the medicine and plants for both humans and animals then there's another special written document called which says about the herbal preparations for animals especially then in another account we get that there were 39 medicine and plants which were identified and which were required for 30 diseases and that that goes back to 5th and 6th century BC. I would like to mention because we just had a conference in Asia Day Society on this person who is a PO body he was a Norwegian missionary and who had lived for 44 years in India and he has worked on a tribal community Santal and they had more or less isolated by culture isolated their own culture their habit and he had written a book which is very much in demand it was published by the Asia Day Society and which is still in demand and he goes writes about the concept of the disease that and it shows that he had shown that it has a base cultural base for any concept of disease and cure and so as you know modern medicine has also recognized this fact now I have specially shown this picture on the livestock because the livestock they are very far away from veterinary centers and for cow which is so precious to people that they if they are really just really difficult to take them to the long distance veterinary centers so till now the plant local herbal medicine are being used for cure and they are working and there are people veterinary from veterinary sciences who are experimenting and improving upon this kind of skill in the plant medicine. Now we come to yoga all of you are very much familiar with yoga but yoga goes very far back in my country the evidence shows that there were practice of yoga from the seal that you can see on the here this is one of the seals it goes back to more than 5000 years and it shows a person and there are several more seals like this but the most interesting finding that has come up from a place called Balathal in western part of India from Rajasthan where a grave has been found where the person is shown buried in a yoga position and even in our country at the present moment many of those sages when practicing chardus when they die they are buried they are not cremated but buried in a position which is usually it is a lotus position if any of you are interested in yoga you will be knowing that these are these positions they are buried and this is the typical position that you have to have for yoga then the performing art and performing art also goes back as we know from the figures or the famous dancing girl figure which came from Indus Valley civilization then we have developed the classical dancing system which is also very popular but it needs a lot of time for understanding and it is heritable one guru teaches the other disciples and then the skill goes on but at the tribal this is this group of santal women who have their own dance pattern and these are also being revived and they still have those who live in their home country territory they are still practicing this and you can see that these are being developed and you can see to the people from Europe they have gone and taken part in it which is because of the endeavor that is being made by the people to protect this skill and knowledge now we come to several crafts which of course are related to different skill and I will talk here only of cotton and silk and I can see they on the top you can see the spindle whirl that has been found from Mahalodaro and Harappa lots of knots of them has been found and usually it's how they work for spinning the cotton into thread and then the weaving and nowadays Mark and I had worked in at Harappa and he had found a lot of evidences and people also had come earlier threads which have come from this kind of cotton or the local cotton so there you see the modern day person cotton has developed in such a way that weaving is a home craft and mostly in North East India a girl has to learn to weave before she gets married because they have a custom of exchanging some kind of scarf like any other Himalayan countries that you have and that has to be hand woven by this girl so and then we come to the silk silk is also has found this is the piece which I borrowed from Mark and all's illustration and it is where the thread silk thread I believe it's a modified one silk thread which had been found in Kappa and that silk thread belongs to this species which is locally known as Tasar and these are still grown and these are the cocoons and these are the thread and you see that these are still locally that the ladies they take out the thread they boil them and then they weave it into the thread and finally it goes to the weaver who spins them but this is very different from the and this is one of the very good illustration of silk sorry and this is interesting because an ethereal species is very much different from Bamaxmori which is used by the Chinese people so silk in China and this kind of silk here in India developed independent of each other and it goes back and the similar kind of spinning is being found and this is the famous bit of the priest king from Moindodaro who is wearing a kind of cloth that may have maybe a cotton or maybe of silk now this another in the skill is very important and that is of conch shell conch shell is a gastroport which is the scientific name is Turbin alia pyrum and you see these are the original conch shells they look like this and the craftsmen they make them and engraved designs on them and this is very important because these are considered as sacred and then and usually they are left-sided the world and when it is right-sided it is considered as much more holy and then if any water is passed through that conch shell it will be considered as Ganges water which is the holiest of holy water and now this is one of the factory site which has been found in the Harappan there is a factory site for working on conch shell conch shell bangles are very important and you see these are the bangles which are made at the present time and this is one of the various and you can see that the woman is decorated with the bangles which she perhaps been wearing on her lifetime and there are other great goods as great and this is the modern hand of a woman wearing conch shell the married woman has got to wear a conch shell for that reason and you can see the people are working very much in a traditional way then these these are the metallurgy earliest metallurgy of brass and bronze the main difference is that brass is and between brass and bronze is both of them are copper alloy but brass has got more zinc and bronze has got more of tin and this is the brass figure you see on the on the left all these are the recent ones and they were made by lost wax process and this process is still going on and if you look at the figures you will find that they have ritual values and for these reasons in the same way same tradition of metallurgy is going on so the heritage practice comes through the heritage policies and good practices especially for the there are law of course no doubt for preserving the tangible heritages but there are also law which are targeted for preservation of intangible heritage but these are being done especially by government both government and non-government organizations especially in the museum you see the tribal children and other children who are shown their respective objects which the earlier people make now they are making and that is one of the way of preserving and improving upon the intangible heritage of our mind. Thank you very much.