 Our lifetime risk of developing an invasive cancer, not like some superficial skin cancer like ductal carcinoma in the breast, but serious cancer is about 40%. Two in five of us are going to get a cancer diagnosis in our lifetimes. What can we do to reduce our risk? Only about 5% of cancers are caused by problem genes we inherited from our parents. The other 95% are caused by mutations in our DNA we acquire in our lifetimes. For example, based on a genetic analysis of lung cancer, smokers may acquire an average of one DNA mutation for every 15 cigarettes smoked. Smoking is bad, but the number one cause of these mutations is our diet. And that's not even including the cancers attributed to obesity. I've got tons of videos on dietary approaches to prevent cancer, but what if you already have it? Well-meaning professionals sometimes counsel cancer patients to eat whatever you want. Given the time constraints that doctors face, it may be understandable that the treating oncologist, the treating cancer doctor, may be reluctant to engage in a conversation about nutrition, but given the critical role the diet may play, perhaps it should be a critical part of their job to be able to answer patients' questions about nutrition before and after cancer treatment and not default to the unhelpful, it doesn't really matter, eat whatever you want, which may not be in the best interest of the patient. The official recommendation of the American Institute of Cancer Research, a leading authority on diet and cancer, is that those with cancer should follow the same diet that helps prevent cancer from taking root in the first place. That means more whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and beans, while limiting fast food, processed food, meat, soda, and alcohol. Similar recommendations have been put forth by other cancer authorities. More fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and beans, and less salt, sugar, meat, and alcohol. Cancer survivors adhering to these guidelines do seem to live significantly longer, at least older female cancer survivors, the only group in which it's been looked at so far, that there are certain foods that may be beneficial in cancer care, including beans, berries, cruciferous vegetables, flaxseed, garlic, green tea, tomatoes, and others, but emphasize it's not about a single magic bullet food or component, but the combination of foods in a predominantly plant-based diet. Here's how some popular diets used by cancer patients stack up. The so-called alkaline diet gets high marks for being vegetable focused and encouraging people to cut down on animal foods. The keto diet does the worst, though they get points for keeping people away from refined grains, alcohol, and soft drinks. Macrobiotic diets really kind of win the day, being closest to a whole food plant-based diet centered around whole grains, vegetables, and beans, though may not be advising enough fruit. Paleo diets are a mixed bag with insufficient whole grains and beans and too much meat, and the vegan diet starts out strong, but doesn't necessarily preclude all manner of vegan junk food. Have any of these diets been put to the test? I've done a video on the abject failure of the keto diet. The alkaline diet was tried on 11 lung cancer patients. They lived an average of 20 and a half months, which is about 40% longer than most patients have historically lived, but there was no direct control group. The only diet proven in a randomized controlled trial to reverse the progression of cancer was Dr. Dean Ornish's Whole Food Plant-Based Lifestyle Program, which I've covered before. These randomized controlled trials to date on diet and cancer are like this, feasibility studies, just to see if you can even get cancer patients to eat healthier, period. Otherwise, what's the point of even running the study? Here they did find they could get patients with head and neck cancer to ramp up green, leafy, and cruciferous vegetable intake up to nine cups a week, so it's at least something you could test. We don't yet have outcomes data, but why wait? What's the downside of trying to eat healthier? It may even save your life another way. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older women diagnosed with breast cancer. Researchers fall more than 60,000 women diagnosed with breast cancer over the age of 65 for an average of nine years, by which time half a died. And the number one cause of death was actually cardiovascular disease edging out the breast cancer. And so choosing a healthy diet centered around whole plant foods, the only diet ever proven to reverse heart disease in the majority of patients may save your life whether you have cancer or not.