 Welcome to using the fire safety provisions of NCC Volume 1. The focus of this presentation is on the specific fire safety provisions in the NCC Volume 1. What you will learn. Where fire safety is covered in NCC Volume 1. Fire safety provisions in section A, section C fire resistance, section D access and egress, section E services and equipment, section G ancillary provisions, section I special use buildings, fire safety verification method, other useful resources. Where is fire safety covered in NCC Volume 1. NCC Volume 1 contains a number of sections with relevant requirements for fire safety. It is easier to look at the table of contents and see that section C is relevant, but they need to look beyond this to identify the other provisions in other sections that also relate to fire safety. There are a number of fire safety related performance requirements across the different sections of NCC Volume 1. They focus on safety of building occupants and minimizing damage to other properties. The performance requirements represent minimum requirements. Building designers, owners, builders can choose to introduce additional or alternative measures to afford greater fire protection to the building and its occupants. Comprehensive property protection is not a goal of the NCC. The required fire safety measures are not intended to protect the building or its contents from burning down or being damaged by fire. Building designers, owners, builders can choose to introduce additional standards to protect the building, e.g. they could install additional fire suppression measures to reduce potential property losses caused by fire. Section A, governing requirements, is common across the NCC and covers how to use and apply the NCC. Various parts of Section A can apply to fire safety. For example, Part A1, interpreting the NCC describes how to interpret provisions within the NCC, including things like application statements, limitation statements, exception statements. Part A5, documentation of design and construction, describes the requirements for evidence and documentation to prove compliance with relevant fire safety performance requirements. Part A6, building classifications, describes the building classes, which in part determine which fire safety provisions apply to a building or part of a building. Part A7, describes the treatment of United Buildings, which can have implications for fire safety requirements. Specification 1, fire resistance of building elements, sets out procedures for determining the FRL of building elements. Specification 2, description of elements referred to in specification 1, does what the specification is called, provides description of elements referred to in tables S1, C2A, to S1, C2N in specification 1. Specification 3, fire hazard properties, sets out the procedures for determining the fire hazard properties of assemblies tested to ASNZS1530.3. The three main sections of NCC Volume 1 containing performance requirements related to fire safety are Section C, fire resistance, which has nine performance requirements, four verification methods, three parts containing DTS provisions, and nine specifications. Section C is all about fire safety, with a focus on ensuring the stability of the building and reducing the spread of fire through compartmentation and separation and by protecting openings. Section D, access and egress, which has four performance requirements relevant to fire safety, as well as three parts containing DTS provisions and one relevant specification. Section D, access and egress, focuses on how people enter, leave and move around a building. This obviously has implications for the ease with which people can evacuate from a building in an emergency, hence some of the performance requirements and DTS provisions in Section D relate to fire safety. Section E, services and equipment, which has four relevant parts with multiple performance requirements, verification methods, DTS provisions and specifications. Section E contains provisions related to common fire safety equipment and services such as firefighting equipment, alarms and smoke detectors. Additional requirements for specific applications and building uses are also contained in Section G ancillary provisions. The provisions in Section G only related to some buildings in particular locations, with particular features or with certain systems or elements as explained on the slide. They are additional performance requirements and DTS provisions that only apply in these circumstances. Some of these provisions relate to fire safety, others don't. Section I, special use buildings, contains additional DTS provisions and concessions from DTS provisions that apply only to special use buildings as listed on the slide. Section I does not contain any performance requirements, only DTS provisions. A verification method for fire safety, the fire safety verification method FSVM, covers multiple performance requirements across volume one. It is referenced in Section C, D and E and is not compulsory. Section C, fire resistance. In broad terms Section C requires buildings to perform satisfactorily when exposed to fire. Primarily addresses the structural stability of building elements when exposed to fire. Limiting fire spread within a building and to adjacent buildings and performance of materials and assemblies when exposed to fire. Performance requirements. All the performance requirements for Section C are at the front of the section. There are nine in total. Their names pretty well define what they are about. Verification methods. Section C also describes four verification methods, which may be used as performance solutions to assess compliance with part or all of the performance requirements of Section C. Verification method C1V1 provides a way to verify that fire will not spread between buildings on adjoining allotments. To verify compliance with C1P21C. Verification method C1V2 provides a way to verify that fire will not spread between the buildings on the same allotment to verify compliance with C1P21C. Verification method C1V3 provides a way to verify compliance with C1P2 to avoid the spread of fire via the external wall of a building. The fire safety verification method C1V4 provides a way to verify compliance with all of the performance requirements in Section C, i.e. C1P1 to C1P9 when a building is designed in accordance with the fire safety verification method. Remember, a verification method is just one way to verify compliance via a performance solution. DTS provisions. The deemed to satisfied provisions in Section C are contained in three parts, which are part C2, fire resistance and stability, part C3, compartmentation and separation, part C4, protection of openings. If a DTS solution meets the relevant DTS provisions in parts C2, C3 and C4, then it is deemed to meet all the fire resistance performance requirements in Section C, i.e. to comply with C1P1 to C1P9. Certain building types or features may have additional DTS provisions in Sections G and I, e.g. atrium farm buildings. If a builder designer chooses to comply with just some of the DTS provisions, it would mean that they would be deemed to comply with some of the relevant performance requirements from Section C, and the builder designer would then need to develop a performance solution and include relevant stakeholders, likely to include a fire safety engineer. Specifications. There are also nine specifications supporting the Section C DTS provisions. Specifications contain detailed information to apply the relevant DTS provisions. Example, C1P1, structural stability during a fire. Most of the fire safety-related performance requirements are qualitative rather than quantitative. They specify an attribute that must be achieved, not an absolute value. So, for example, the performance requirement that is tenable conditions are maintained for long enough for the expected occupants of a building to evacuate, given the various critical factors that can impact on fire intensity and evacuation time. The requirement does not state a specific length of time that applies, as this will depend on the situation in the individual building. Many fire-related performance requirements will specify critical factors that need to be considered when determining the applicability of a performance requirement and the suitability of a compliance solution. You need to look at the critical factors and decide which ones need to be addressed in the fire safety solution for each particular building. They will see the same factors listed against other performance requirements, although this list is not identical for all requirements. Example, C1P4, safe conditions for evacuation. Tenable conditions. Materials and assemblies must resist the spread of flame and limit smoke. Heat and toxic gases for long enough that people can evacuate without becoming ill or being injured. Exactly how long depends on critical factors. To the degree necessary, qualitative requirement that recognizes that it may be possible to treat different materials and assemblies in different ways, depending on the situation, building, etc. Appropriate to, the fire safety elements provided in the building must be appropriate to the risk posed by fire in the building based on consideration of the critical factors listed below. There are four critical factors, including one related to significant characteristics of the occupants of the building. For example, if occupants have limited mobility, then more time would be needed for evacuation, so materials assemblies must be chosen to allow this additional time. Applications. As per Part A1, specifies where and when a requirement or provision applies. Section C, verification methods. Which of the four verification methods in Section C could you use in each of the following circumstances? Question one, to verify compliance with all nine fire safety performance requirements in Section C, i.e. C1P1 to C1P9. Answer one, C1V4, fire safety verification method. This is the only one of the four that covers all nine performance requirements. Question two, to verify compliance with performance requirement, C1P21C, avoiding the spread of fire in a variety of circumstances. Answer two, C1V1 or C1V2 as appropriate or C1V4. Note that C1V3 could be used, however, clause C1V31 states that compliance with C1P21C, where applicable, is verified in accordance with C1V1 or C1V2 as appropriate. Question three, to verify compliance with performance requirement, Cp2, avoiding the spread of fire via external walls. Answer three, C1V3 or C1V4. Note that clause C1V3A says that compliance with C1P2 is verified when compliance with C1P21C, to avoid the spread of fire between buildings, where applicable, is verified in accordance with C1V1 or C1V2 as appropriate. This means that all those Cv3 can be used to demonstrate compliance with C1P2, C1V1 and C1V2 also needed to be applied, where appropriate to complete the verification of compliance with C1P2. DTS provisions, C2 fire resistance and stability. Deemed to satisfy solution. General statement of what is required for a compliant DTS solution. Identical statement of DTS provision requirements at the beginning of Part C2, C3 and C4. C2D2 to C2D14, C3D2 to C3D15 and C4D2 to C4D17. If a DTS solution meets all of the DTS provisions in Part C2, C3 and C4 as appropriate, then it is deemed to be compliant with all the fire safety performance requirements in Section C, i.e. C1P1 to C1P9. However, additional DTS provisions apply to some buildings, features, performance solution. You do not have to use the DTS provisions. You can develop a performance solution to satisfy one or more or all of the applicable performance requirements. Remember that the NCC provisions must be applied holistically, so implementing a performance solution to meet one requirement may impact on other performance requirements, DTS solutions or performance solutions. Interpreting the DTS provisions in Section C. Question 1. According to Part C2, a concession allows the use of certain materials whenever the NCC requires use of a non-combustible material. What are these concessional materials? Answer 1. Part C2D10 non-combustible building elements clause 6, plasterboard, perforated gypsum lath with a normal paper finish, fibrous plaster sheet, fiber reinforced cement sheeting, pre-finished metal sheeting that meets specified requirements, sarking type material that meets specified requirements, bonded laminate materials that meet specified requirements. Question 2. According to Part C3, what is the maximum size for a fire compartment in the patient care areas of a Class 9A healthcare building? Answer 2. C3D6 Class 9 buildings clause 1A. Fire compartments in patient care areas of a Class 9A healthcare building cannot be larger than 2,000 metres square. Question 3. According to Part C3, what fire safety provisions apply to electricity substations located within a building? Answer 3. Part C3D14 electricity supply system clause 1A and B. An electricity substation within a building must be separated from the rest of the building by construction with an FRL of at least 120, 120, 120. Have a doorway protected with a self-closing door with an FRL of at least dash dash 120, 130. Question 4. According to Part C4, what methods of protection are acceptable for windows that require protection? Answer 4. Part C4D5 acceptable methods of protection clause 1B. A window opening that requires protection must have internal or external wall wetting sprinklers used with automatic closing or permanently closed windows or fire windows that are automatic closing or permanently closed with a minimum FRL of at least dash dash 60 dash dash or automatic closing fire shutters with an FRL of at least dash dash 60 dash dash Question 5. According to Part C4, what other DTS requirements for openings such as doors and lift indicator panels that have been made into a fire-isolated lift shaft? Answer 5. Part C4D11 openings in fire-isolated lift shafts. Doorways must be protected by fire doors that have a minimum FRL of dash dash 60 dash dash that comply with AS1735.11 lifts escalators and moving walks, fire-rating landing doors are set to remain closed except when people goods or vehicles are entering or leaving the lift. Lift indicator panels must be backed by construction with a minimum FRL of dash dash 60 60 if the panel is more than 3500 mm2 in area. In which specification will you find the DTS requirements for? The construction of fire shutters, specification 12, fire doors, smoke doors, fire windows and shutters. Buildings requiring type A, B and C construction. Specification 5. Fire resisting construction. The fire hazard properties of wall and ceiling linings. Specification 7. Fire hazard properties. Smokeproof walls in Class 9A and Class C buildings. Specification 11. Smokeproof walls in health care and residential care buildings. What are the fire safety provisions in Section D access and egress? There are a total of nine performance requirements in Section D but only four of them are directly relevant to fire safety. Others may contribute, e.g. slip resistant walking surfaces with manageable gradients make it easier for people to evacuate quickly especially when visibility is limited because they are less likely to trip or stumble. However, the key purpose of these provisions is not related to fire safety but to movement for any purpose. There are three other verification methods in the section but only D1V4 is relevant to fire safety. This references the fire safety verification method just as we saw in C1V4 in Section C. The three parts that contain DTS provisions have varying relevance. Part D2 provision for escape is all about ensuring safe evacuation. All the provisions are relevant to evacuation during emergencies. Part D3 construction of exits contains a number of relevant provisions which relate to things like the design of fire stairways, fire ramps and smoke lobbies. Part D4 access for people with a disability doesn't actually contain any fire safety related DTS provisions but does allow for the use of lifts for evacuation of people with a disability. There are three specifications in Section D but only one is relevant to fire safety. Specification 14, non-required stairways, ramps and escalators contains the requirements to allow non-required stairways, ramps or escalators to connect any number of stories in a Class 5 or 6 building. The requirements do not apply in an atrium or outside a building. It sets out the minimum FRLs required of the construction of escalators, moving walkways, stairways or ramps. Requirements for fire separation, fire doors and warning signage. Critical factors for fire safety access and egress. D1, P4, exits. Distance to the nearest exit impacts on ease and speed of evacuation so the further the distance the longer the evacuation time. The building's fire safety system has to be designed with this likely evacuation time in mind. The number of people expected to use the building is also key. The more people will be in the building the longer the evacuation will take through a single exit. It may be necessary to make fire exits wider, build additional exits or reduce the travel distance to exits to reduce the total evacuation time. Mobility issues and similar characteristics are also of concern, e.g. can occupants reasonably be expected to evacuate without assistance. The functional use of the building can affect the fire load and intensity, which can affect the speed with which building users might need to evacuate and therefore the number, location and design of fire exits. The height of the building can also impact on evacuation time. If occupants have to evacuate down through many floors then the fire safety stairs and exits in the building needs to maintain their stability and a safe evacuation environment for a longer time. If an exit is below ground then building occupants are more likely to be evacuating in the path of smoke from the fire. Smoke from a fire will naturally disperse upwards and venting smoke from below ground areas is likely to be harder and slower because there are no windows. The fire safety system needs to bear this in mind if a building has levels below ground. If an exit is above ground smoke travel is not an issue. D1P5 fire isolated exits. Number of stories connected by the exits and passed through by the exits both affect the total evacuation time. Number of stories connected to the exits determines how many people are likely to use the exit to evacuate and the more people are using an exit the longer the evacuation time is likely to be. Number of stories that the exit passes through affects the total travel distance and time. The better a building's fire safety system is the longer expected evacuation times can be and still satisfy safety criteria. E.g. if a building has a sprinkler system which can be expected to extinguish the fire or reduce its spread then building occupants will have a longer time to safely evacuate from the building. Similarly fire safety systems designed to vent smoke can increase the time during which it is safe for building occupants to evacuate. A building in an urban area with several fire stations nearby is likely to get a prompt response to a fire call and therefore you could expect fire brigade officers to be on site to assist occupants to evacuate reasonably quickly. By contrast if a building is in a country town with the nearest fire brigade an hour away then the building needs to be designed so that occupants can easily and quickly evacuate on their own. D1 P6. Paths of travel to exits. The number of people expected to use the building is key. The more people will be in the building the longer evacuation will take through a single exit. It may be necessary to make fire exits wider, build additional exits or reduce the travel distance to exits to reduce the evacuation time. Mobility issues and similar characteristics are also of concern. E.g. can occupants reasonably be expected to evacuate without assistance. The function or use of the building can affect the fire load thus changing the speed with which building users need to evacuate and therefore the number location and design of fire exits. This performance requirement has a limitation. It does not apply to the internal parts of SOUs in class 2 or 3 buildings or in the class 4 part of a building. This is because these areas are likely to be used by a small number of users who will be more familiar with the layout of the building and the past exits will generally be relatively short. D1 P7. Evacuation lifts. Many of the critical factors when lifts are used for evacuation are the same as four other fire exit systems but there are some additional considerations such as how long will it take for occupants to evacuate using a lift? There would be a considerable difference in evacuation times for a lift that took four passengers and two minutes to get to the ground floor compared with a lift that could take eight passengers and took one minute to reach the ground floor. If the size of a proposed lift system would not allow safe evacuation of all the people who are likely to need that lift then a larger lift may be required or other aspects of the building's fire safety system might need to be adjusted. For example, installation of sprinkler systems to reduce the spread of fire or use of more fire resistant materials smaller fire compartments etc. These various measures could allow the necessary additional time to evacuate using the smaller lift. How reliable and available is the lift likely to be? Is the lift likely to fail in the event of a fire? Is it likely to be directly exposed to fire? E.g. if the designated fire evacuation lift is generally used as a good lift then it might be in use or blocked by goods at the time it is needed. Sometimes goods lifts are blocked off and a key is required to access them. This would increase the evacuation time using the lift. Evacuation procedures for the building can make a difference to the effectiveness of lifts used for fire safety. For example a designated fire safety officers or others assigned to assist people with a disability. Some buildings businesses will establish what is almost a body system so that one or more staff are assigned to ensure that someone with a disability is able to evacuate easily. This could mean simply carrying items the other person needs it could mean assisting them with walking moving around or using a lift or it could even mean carrying that person down fire stairs if necessary. DTS provisions D2 provision for escape deemed to satisfy solution general statement of what is required for a compliant DTS solution identical statement of DTS provision requirements at the beginning of each part D2 D3 and D4 section G ancillary provisions section I special use buildings additional provisions that apply in the circumstances described all other relevant provisions in parts D2 D3 and D4 must also be complied with performance solution you can use a performance solution to satisfy one or more or all of the performance requirements implementing a performance solution to meet one requirement may impact to other performance requirements DTS solutions or performance solutions performance requirement D1 P7 limited application of performance requirement D1 P7 no DTS provisions provided to meet this requirement therefore a performance solution must be developed interpreting the DTS provisions in section D question one according to part D2 if a class 3 building has an effective height of 40 meters how many exits must it have and where must they be located in order to comply with the performance requirements of section D answer D2 D3 number of exits required clause 2 the building must have at least two exits from each story question 2 according to part D2 what is the maximum number of persons who can be accommodated in each of the following buildings a a cafe that is 23 meters square two a hotel that is 6000 meters square three a bus station that is 300 meters square in all cases spaces set aside for other purposes are excluded answer to D2 D18 number of persons accommodated table D2 D18 area per person according to use one cafe equals 23 persons one meter square per person two hotel equals 400 persons 15 meters square per person three bus station equals 150 persons two meters square per person question three according to part D3 what requirements must be met for a stairway that is located within a fire isolated shaft within a building answer three part D3 D3 fire isolated stairways and ramps the stairway must be constructed of non-combustible materials so that if there is a local failure it will not cause structural damage to the shaft or impair the fire resistance of the shaft question four according to part D3 what is the minimum allowable size for a required smoke lobby frl for the walls of a required smoke lobby answer for part D3 D7 smoke lobbies clauses a and b one minimum allowable size is six meters square minimum frl for walls is 60 60 dash dash question five according to part D3 what signage is required on an automatic door held open by an automatic hold open device a self-closing door answer five part D3 D28 signs on doors clauses 4a and b automatic fire door fire safety door do not obstruct self closing fire door fire safety door do not obstruct do not keep open what are the fire safety provisions in section e services and equipment all performance requirements relate to fire safety facilities to fight a fire or prevent the spread of fire features to safeguard building occupants from smoke and toxic gases including automatic warnings safe travel in lifts for evacuation and firefighting visibility and signage for evacuation and emergency warnings four parts part e1 firefighting equipment part e2 smoke hazard management part e3 lift installations part e4 visibility in an emergency exit signs and warning systems each part contains performance requirements verification methods and DTS provisions specifications included at end of section e interpreting fire safety performance requirements e1 firefighting equipment the larger the fire compartment floor area the larger the size of any potential fire therefore the greater the fire safety measures required fire safety systems work together rather than in isolation so the installation of one system may reduce the need for another fire safety element or allow for some adjustment of another fire safety element fire hydrants can only be used with the correct equipment so they are not required if there is no fire brigade available to attend a fire e.g. in a remote area e2 smoke hazard management automatic warning systems are needed in buildings with sleeping accommodation conditions in evacuation routes must protect occupants from heat and toxic gases and allow them to see for as long as needed to evacuate the expected number of people before a fire is likely to develop to an unmanageable level the longer the travel distance the longer the evacuation time and the longer the fire safety systems must maintain a safe environment smoke management is not required in structures that are not enclosed because the smoke can escape e3 lift installations there are a number of performance requirements for lift installations two of these are related to fire safety e3 p2 emergency lifts applies to buildings that are over 25 meters in height and class 9a buildings with patient care areas that do not have direct access to a road or open space e3 p2 basically requires that at least one of the passenger lifts is fitted as an emergency lift for use by the fire brigade and other emergency services personnel or floors must have access to an emergency lift e3 p3 emergency alerts requires signage or other means to alert occupants about the use of a lift during an emergency e4 visibility in an emergency exit signs and warning systems emergency lighting must be provided to ensure safe evacuation when the main artificial lighting system fails signs must identify where exits are and how to get to them and must be clearly visible even when the main power is out doesn't apply to the internal parts of so use in class 2 or 3 buildings or in class 4 parts of a building as occupants will generally be familiar with evacuation routes door positions etc and distances tend to be short interpreting the dts provisions in section e question 1 according to part e1 when must the building be provided with a fire hydrant answer 1 e1 d2 fire hydrants clauses 1 a and b a fire hydrant must be provided when a building has a total floor area greater than 500 square meters and the nearest fire brigade station is no more than 50 kilometers away by road and has equipment that allows it to use a fire hydrant question 2 according to part e1 when and where must the sprinkler system be installed in a class 2 or 3 building excluding a building used as a residential care building answer 2 e1 d6 where sprinklers are required class 2 and 3 buildings other than residential care buildings if the building has a rise in stories of four or more and an effective height area of not more than 25 meters then a sprinkler system is required throughout the whole building including any part with a different class question 3 where in part e2 will you find the smoke management provisions for buildings of different classes uses and heights answer 3 clauses e2 d3 to e2 d20 question 4 according to part e3 what kind of clear space is required in a lift that is designated as a stretcher facility answer 4 part e3 d3 stretcher facility in lifts clause 2 there must be a clear space of at least 600 millimeters wide times 2000 millimeters long times 1400 millimeters high above floor level in which specification will you find the dts requirements for lift car emergency lighting specification 24 lift installations smoke exhaust fans specification 21 smoke exhaust systems fire sprinkler systems specification 17 fire sprinkler systems emergency exit signs specifications 25 photo luminescent exit signs construction of a fire control room specification 19 fire control centers fire safety systems for residential care buildings specification 23 residential fire safety systems consider the impact on each critical factor building one fulfillment center fulfillment center for online retailer 40 000 meter square one space 8 meters high steel framed metal walls metal roof with some polycarbonate sheeting concrete floor three story office area over 13 percent of total space expected to store goods ranging from clothing plastics electronics paper products expected 40 office staff 300 to 400 fulfillment workers up to 600 at peak times industrial park no buildings within 10 meters building two residential care building residential care home 80 residents two floors of private rooms off two times 50 meter corridors administration nursing station kitchen and dining room taking up half of ground floor timber framed double brick with a tiled roof and wooden flooring covered by carpet expected to have one central lift for resident use expected five office staff 10 to 15 care staff residential area with residential properties within 1.5 meters on one side within eight meters on two other sides building three office to apartment conversion conversion of multi-storeyed office building to retail and apartments five floors of underground parking ground floor retail hospitality with 20 stories of apartments reinforced concrete construction 150 apartments of different sizes some with balconies two centrally located banks of two lifts ground floor being fitted out for a restaurant a cafe and convenience store inner city buildings within five meters on three sides fire safety assessment methods whether you choose to use a dts solution or a performance solution or a combination of both you may need to provide some evidence that the proposed solution complies with the performance requirements the ncc recognizes four valid ways of assessing possible compliance solutions which are shown on the slide all four methods can be used to demonstrate compliance with all or part of the performance requirements when you're using a performance solution evidence of suitability and expert judgment can be used when you are using a dts solution the various fire safety related sections and parts of ncc volume one include a number of relevant verification methods each of which can be used in certain circumstances the abcb fire safety verification method fsvm standard which is a holistic method for demonstrating compliance against many of the fire safety performance requirements it is referenced within c1 v4 and further sub references in section d and e of volume one what is the fire safety verification method used to verify that a building's proposed fire safety measures will meet the relevant fire safety performance requirements of ncc volume one can be used for any class two to nine building level of fire safety achieved using the fsvm must be at least equivalent to the relevant ncc volume one fire safety deemed to satisfy dts provisions detailed in the abcb standard fire safety verification method how to use the method 12 design scenarios that must be considered not mandatory just one way of developing a fire safety solution to meet the relevant performance requirements can only be used by qualified and experienced fire safety engineers may not cover all applicable performance requirements true or false a building's intended purpose and use are the key determinants of the fire safety measures required in the building if you answered false yes that's right the building's intended purpose and use is just one critical factor that must be considered when designing a fire safety system for a class two to nine building other critical factors include things like the number and mobility of occupants of the building the likely fire load hazard and intensity the travel distance to exits and the likely evacuation times other useful resources the guide to ncc volume one abcb handbooks at abc.gov.au fire safety verification method handbook fire safety verification method data sheets bushfire verification method handbook lifts used during evacuation non-mandatory explanatory information and background Australian fire engineering guidelines afeg developed in conjunction with team of specialist fire engineers international fire engineering guideline content contextualized to current Australian practice published by the abcb also advisory notes videos and case studies available from abcb.gov.au summary section c fire resistance reducing spread of fire ensuring building elements remain stable and environment remains safe for long enough to allow evacuation structural stability fire compartmentation and separation protection of openings section d access and egress warnings evacuation distances and paths times to evacuate exit signs section e services and equipment firefighting equipment alarms smoke detectors lifts use for evacuation section g and ciliary provisions some additional provisions relevant in particular circumstances section i special use buildings some additional dts provisions for particular buildings key points overall aim is to provide time and safe conditions for evacuation prevent the spread of fire to other buildings protection of primary property is not an aim but may be a fortunate result of good fire safety design critical factors must be considered to determine the extent of fire risk and requirements for effective and compliant fire safety design for each building fire safety requirements can be met using dts provisions or a compliant performance solution many verification methods including the fsvm thank you for your time this brings our presentation on fire safety provisions of the ncc volume one to a close if you'd like more information please visit abcb.gov.au