 Why does Peru need to assure Indigenous communities' land rights? For many Indigenous communities of Peru's Amazon forests, obtaining a title to assure use rights to the lands they inhabit can be a very long, long struggle. Tedious red tape, legal gaps, and overlapping claims make titling and registration of collective rights a process that can take decades. Or simply get shelved. For example, the native community of Soweto in the Ucayali region waited over 10 years to get its title, during which four of its leaders were killed due to a land conflict with illegal logging operations. Like Soweto, many Indigenous communities endure pressures on their resources and lands as best they can while dealing with interminable paperwork and waiting year after year to get the title that guarantees their rights. Why does this happen? By Peruvian law, communities must complete 20 steps to get their territories titled. But in practice, evidence shows it takes at least 35. And if conflicts arise, such as an overlap with another assigned land category, it means even more steps, sometimes making the wait to get titled indefinite. Furthermore, according to the Instituto del Bien Común of the 1,300 titled Native communities, 80% are not recorded in the public registries. This is a fundamental problem as registration is the final definitive step to guarantee their right to the territories they inhabit and that sustain them. At the internal level, there are conflicts that are the management of lenders, the lack of knowledge of the limits. So, it is very broad the range of the problem that is faced to grant rights in favor of Native communities on title issues. But why should the Peruvian government resolve Indigenous peoples' land rights problems? First, because the country has assumed international commitments, bludging it to guarantee respect for the rights of Indigenous populations. Second, because the European Parliament recently approved a resolution requiring member states to respect the rights of Indigenous peoples, including land rights in all its development and trade policies. Third, because a growing number of consumers, states and companies around the world are requiring that their products come from areas where there is respect for the land rights of populations living in the forests. And finally, because titling problems affect forests and communities by revealing a weak governance that results in unsustainable investments, increased poverty, serious social problems, and the disappearance of natural resources. We can assume that if Peru does not advance in guaranteeing the rights of Indigenous peoples on land and resources, their competitiveness in trade and the growing support of cooperation will be affected. So, how do we solve the problem? According to evidence from the C4 study, these are the three key actions. One, the state must assume the political will to put the problems squarely on its agenda. We need to simplify the procedures, to promote an integrated and consistent set of policies and current processes, and to assume a long-term commitment. This will not be solved with a project of three or five years. This implies, for example, that the Peru government dedicates funds aimed at the problem of titling of Indigenous communities, and not only the projects of titling should be depended on by external cooperation. Two, the state needs to invest in capacity development of the stakeholders involved. Our research shows that in Peru, there are few people in charge of titling processes that have the responsibility to resolve conflicts. Compared to other three countries in the study, Peru has fewer people assigned to conflict management. However, it is the country with the highest frequency and three, it's necessary to institutionalize support to regional governments. It must provide support to regional governments, who are now handling a large part of titling processes. They need human and financial resources to be able to face the challenges of titling. The Indigenous communities, organizations and federations should also be strengthened so they can define and implement their own agendas and exercise sustainable practices for the country's forests. So, after all this information, do we still question whether resolving land and territorial rights territorial rights of Peru's indigenous peoples, is their task alone? The evidence in Peru indicates that addressing this as a national issue would promote the well-being not only of native communities, but also of the country and its forests.