 So we're gonna start by sharing our screens real quick just to make sure that the system's working and that you know that you are on the right session. We're gonna be speaking about hyper ledger indie in areas and the spatial web for nested accounting, nested climate accounting. So if this is a presentation you're after, then you are in the right room. And while we wait for people to come into the presentation, I'll perhaps we start by doing a quick introduction of myself and David. My name is Martin Weinstein. I am the founder and executive director of the Open Earth Foundation. We are a nonprofit dedicated to the intersection of emerging digital technology and open source and open digital infrastructure, but with a very ambitious goal of working and thinking through planetary scale solutions to our most existential environmental challenges, climate being of course a very per vertical on that, but little by little also focusing on biodiversity. I'm also the founder and director of the Open Innovation Lab at Yale University. Both Open Earth Foundation and Yale Open Lab are members of the hyper ledger community. And if you don't know about it, there's the hyper ledger climate action and accounting special interest group, which I also found it last year. And now it's led by some extremely active and coordinated chairs. So I definitely engaged that if you're interested in the intersection of hyper ledger and climate that you check out the special interest group. And with that, I'll pass it on to David for his introduction. Everyone, my name is David Thompson. I'm the director of integration at versus versus.io. We have developed a core technology in the networking, a computer networking space called the hyper spatial transaction protocol, along with the hyper spatial modeling language that we've partnered with the IEEE to standardize that we will be formally launching in July. And one of the key applications and use cases that we've been supporting and driving is working very closely with Martine, collaborating around nested climate accounting. So I'm very, very excited to be here. And thank you all so much. Great. So I'll thank you, David. I'll kick it off by giving also some introduction for the run of show today. I'll give a quick introduction to a project that we've been incubating both at Yale and the open earth foundation called open climate. Highly ambitious vision to create an integrated climate accounting system, give some background knowledge on climate accounting for everyone to drop their head around it. And then David, I'll pass it on to David to talk a bit about the spatial web and some backgrounds on how the ideas of our power credentials fall into that. And we'll talk a bit about a prototype and pile that we did it last year and even mentioned some of the exciting ongoing opportunities for this year. But really we're interested in creating a Q and A as we're always looking for establishing communities of collaboration. And I'll start by showing a bit of the level of complexity when we started creating a framework for an integrated accounting system now framed as open climate. And there's obviously a lot of moving parts but the vision is to be able to have digital agreements and consensus in the flow of information between the state of the planet, earth system state that can relate specifically to the carbon budget, how much CO2 we can still put in the atmosphere before 1.5 degree warming happens. What's the state of the world system registry? So how much are countries, sub-national actors, non-state actors emitting and what's the pledge that they make to do? How to certify climate actions, whether that's emissions and in a context as often referred as MRV, modern reporting and verification, huge important opportunity for the digitization of that and automation of that through IoT data and smart contracts. And when one verifies emissions or mitigations or adaptation actions, that gets ascertained properly under this protocol and that asset, let's say a tokenized data information can also be moved and traded. So it moves into climate markets and all of that information needs to trickle into climate finance by 2030, we should be pouring $4 trillion of capital to be able to decarbonize our economy. So it's very important that we do this in a way that it's going to work because the stakes are so high that if we don't proper set up our digital systems to align with us, we won't meet our climate goals. So what is nested climate accounting in many ways is of course, what it sounds, but when I was talking about these assets of data, whether it's an emission or a mitigation could be units, it's very relevant to think about the architecture of how non-state actors and let's say such as corporations and sub-national governments, they're the way that they manage their carbon inventory could roll up to the national inventory. This would simplify, but also help a connection between the non-state actors and state actors to be part of the Paris Agreement. At the international level, that's a big part of what happens is the Paris Agreement is between countries and the UN, but where do corporations and sub-national governments fit in? So by creating jurisdictional boundaries, this is one of the things that we've been wanting to explore and this has been a wicked problem for many years. So what we present here is a bit of exploration last year and a lot of work ongoing to continue those efforts this year. The second part about open climate is the search for technology that helps us create interoperable climate units, a common language on how we talk about climate. Again, the climate unit could be either positive carbon, negative carbon, but there needs to be a methodology of how that was defined and even a certification of quality so that that could end up being as we know in accounting either credits or debits. And when we talk about net zero, let's say you know of a company that has a net zero goal, well, essentially that is an accounting statement, right? Credits and debits must balance themselves. And this has been a lot of the work that we've been looking at how to create that level of interoperability and trusted interactions to make these visions possible. The third, finally important architecture piece of the research is then when we have interoperability, when we have jurisdictional context to this, can this help integrate climate markets? Because the assets that I mentioned can be moved around, it could be traded. And this is of course a hugely booming area. The voluntary carbon market world has grown a lot in the last couple of years so that emission reductions can happen in-house within our organization, but also could be sourced elsewhere. So hopefully that obviously there's a lot there to unpack, but it's to give you a vision of open climate. And if you probably need a primer, a bit of where this sits within the broader climate accounting world, I'll just explain that what we will talk about today is mostly around carbon accounting, which means emissions and mitigation, but that's not all of accounting. Adaptation measures, how organizations, individuals and countries prepare for a global world. How do we account for pledges and to create accountability towards those pledges? And then how much money we move around in the system? Those are very important climate relative accounting that don't relate to carbon. In the market space, we have the voluntary carbon market. If you've ever tried to offset your flight, that's normally where that lies. You are totally doing it on a voluntary basis, but there are compliance mechanisms that subnational actors have, such as renewable energy certificates for utilities, national level and international. The most important international climate market has been the Kyoto Protocol and the clean development mechanism within it. But how does markets fit into the Paris Agreement? That also becomes very important. One of the things that we were looking at from a research standpoint is how do we draft the negotiations for climate markets in the context of Paris? How can technologies like hyper ledger, particularly the use of decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials and trusted ledgers can help in the mechanism of preventing double counting in climate markets? And that is still under negotiation. So it's very important that from the technology, open source technology world, we get to the United Nations, the conference of the parties to inform the capabilities that we have. So one of the demos that we'll prototype that we will showcase at the end of this and we'll point to a video that we'll talk through is actually to look at the North America as a blueprint of how we could address some of these issues globally. And let's just say something as simple as a renewable energy project that produces of course clean megawatt hours. That gets straight translated into a renewable energy certificate, an asset that says one megawatt hour of clean energy was produced. And that's a sign to someone, but you can have buyers. In fact, there's regulation to require certain utilities that have to have a certain amount of racks. Now, what happens within a North American context of markets, how they are laid out when you've got buyers and sellers in different markets? So what we'll showcase in terms of nested accounting is that by creating robust assetization of a unit, let's say a renewable energy certificate and also the associated carbon attached to a geofence region, let's say a subnational region, it could allow that if you move between one market to the other, then you would have to create what are called the corresponding adjustments at the inventory of each jurisdiction. And it could help between states within the US or regions within the North American market, but it also, the same architecture would work internationally. So hopefully that's a good background explanation of what we are exploring and the different applications. And so because I talked about jurisdictions and geofence regions, I'm gonna pass it on to David to give an introduction of the spatial web. I'll stop sharing and maybe David, you have more agency to do it on your end. Yes, all right. Feel free as we're doing that, that if you have questions or thoughts, go into the session tab, put Q and A and you can drop thoughts in there and we can address them as we go or pick them up at the end. Beautiful, thank you, Martine. So I'm just gonna give a little bit of high level framing on the spatial web, web 3.0 if you will. And just provide a little bit of background context on these core standards that we're working with the IEEE on and then we'll bring that back to how we can apply these standards, hopefully to address our planetary civilizational level challenge of climate change. So there are three core standard specifications that we're working with the IEEE on. One is for hyperspatial domains, which is key to the jurisdictional nested accounting and understanding of various different boundaries related to markets and regions inside of particular territory that's accounting, the hyperspatial transaction protocol and the hyperspatial modeling language that I'll speak about just for some high level framing. So really quickly, the point of what we're trying to accomplish with the spatial web, it's really in fact a hyperspatial web. And what we mean by that is it's connecting spatial, semantic and societal data contexts and mapping the relationships between them so that we get a coherent view of context for every interaction in the real world. It's really about creating a cybernetic feedback loop between the digital and the physical realities. This is very quickly the hyperspatial modeling language. This is also part of the IEEE standards work. And this is not a canonical data format or model as much as it is an activity modeling language that allows you to mathematically color data, data streams for AI particularly to be able to infer from data streams context at a much higher degree of precision. So we say some user, some actor by virtue of some authority within some hyperspatial domain has a right based on credentials which are in the form of, in our case, in implementing with hyperspatial, sorry, hyperledger Indian areas to perform a claim on an activity. And all of the transaction streams which is an activity state change are then stored in a graph structure. Which we refer to as a context graph. In case of these context elements and by virtue of storing every transaction, every activity state change with this very rich coloring language we can be able to trust data across contexts and be able to transfer workflows and accounting methodologies across contexts much more efficiently. So once the data is in that graph format we can now query with the hyperspatial transaction protocol in any dimension or across dimensions by range. So temperature over time, air particulate count, soil conditions, every asset gets registered and we're constantly enriching context around that asset by creating essentially smart contracts but that can extend to other dimensions. So you can have either a prescriptive or restrictive contract related to orchestrating real-world interactions. And to define clean air it means XYZ as far as the content of that air that then is reinforced by all the sensoria that are then assigning verifiable credential transactions. So finally all this goes into essentially a volumetric extension of a hyperdimensional extension multi-dimensional extension, sorry, of the concept of a virtual domain. So now you can say for this plot of land who can plant, who can collect, who can sequester, who can act. So we've been working very closely with the Open Earth Foundation and the Yale Open Innovation Lab to apply these technologies first and foremost to this critical challenge that we have in front of us. And so we've done a number of prototypes of both verifiable credentials as well as something we call dynamic adaptable schemas related to interoperability of all these data that are used for climate accounting. So there's a hour and a half long video if you run out of Nyquil someday of the full demo that we did a few months ago as a result of a year plus of R&D work. So I encourage anyone to check that out. But we'll go through a little bit of that at a high level here today as well. So in this prototype, we're using graph database. These are just reference implementations, hyperledger indian areas for all the DID and credential issuances and simple document storage. We're using DID and verifiable credentials, DIDs really throughout for everything. Every asset gets a DID, every basic identity is a DID in the system. In the graph, it's just a C of DIDs in essence in the context graph. But one of the things we're doing is we take schemas and we deconstruct them into a series of connected nodes in the graph so that you can link any data and any schema to every single interaction in the real world and transaction in the real world. And that basically ensures that you don't lose context. As I was saying, every actor domain and asset has a decentralized identifier. And all of these are representatives verifiable credentials that then are used in proofs and spatial contracts related to is it okay, for example, to transfer this wreck from one area to another, we evaluate that as a hyperspatial transaction using the hyperspatial model language. As I said before, all the schemas are linked and I'll go into that a little bit more in terms of the power of that. But really this kind of speaks to the fact that we have many different registries with lots of different data schemas for representing the same type of information. And we need to be able to normalize those together in an extremely efficient manner so that when we're doing the Paris Global Stock Take, starting in 2023, ultimately we want this to be a real time accounting where the national inventories are rolled up in real time from all the sub-domains that they reference rather than a long multi-year process of combining spreadsheets together. All of the conditions of the contract get inherited and this is where it allows you to express policy in a spatial manner. We're also working with the European Commission to develop the drone standards for the EU, including all the monitoring reporting and verification actions related to any drone. So this is an example of where you can extend hyperspatial contracts beyond just the accounting into the actual monitoring. So it's Martín who can speak to some of the functional aspects of the demo that we delivered and the relevancy. Go ahead. Great, thank you, David. I hope everyone's still sort of falling along. I put the URL of the YouTube where you could also watch later in-depth in the demo. That was done in the context of another event and we thought it was very important to be able to share it here in the Hyperledge Global Forum. So, and then you can also see the slides as we go if you wanna check them out later. So the first sort of demo that happened a couple of years ago or one year ago is, okay, when I talk about renewable energy certificates acidizing that certificate is very relevant. So if you have, for example, a solar farm and you want to prove that an electric vehicle charger is charged through renewable energy, otherwise why would you have an EV that's using coal-based electricity? That is a challenge in and of itself because the certification of renewable often comes in aliquots of one megawatt hour. So one rec is one megawatt hour, but what you're going to be using is gonna be at the kilowatt hour level. So we have to fractionalize that certification and you also need to be able to have a traceability of that where it came from, when, how it was purchased and in some sense the EV then has to have a wallet of all those, not just electrons, but the history of data packages of where that come from. And so with that, we worked very closely with the organization called ClearTrace. They specifically do that use IOT integration and create immutable data records based on that so that it can establish rich attributes. So almost every reading of a smart meter, smart meter at the renewable energy site but also smart meter at the, let's say Tesla Supercharger are also recorded and reconciled so that we can get to what's called in the renewable energy space a load following matching. And if we think about that from the semantics, a lot of what David was chatting about here is a bit of how to create a very rich spatial context and leveraging DIDs and verified credentials and amazingly exciting space but the semantic parts are very important. So who, what, where, when, how becomes very important? The contract between an electric vehicle that says I want a source renewable energy, well, has to be able to create a fully semantically logical context for that. So this is a good example. In this case, the power utility is Avingrid in Connecticut produces a solar energy that was financed by XYZ that has a device that at a certain point in time produces electricity that's verified that it is indeed renewable or that it was produced, that it displaced carbon that gets associated to a certificate that also is approved by normally the registry, the regional registry that manages electricity and then you've got your Tesla charge station which is a different domain. So this might be in a totally different space than this and in fact, that might be very relevant if you are, let's say in California trying to buy electrons that were put into the system in North Dakota, the offsetting capability of that might be lower than the ones that are regional and why, because you really want to account the right as a consumer to do that. So that's the example of that semantics and then we go even into higher levels of complexity. So if we read that semantics from the left, Avingrid which is the utility by authorization of the asset manager and the sustainability director of the company but also the ministry of the environment of North Dakota transfers, this is in the case of a wind farm within one, a wind farm that's owned by this company Avingrid that is within this spatial domain North Dakota. So this is very much then diagrams that are also nested all within earth. And so these are the type of semantics applied to the type of credential, users, authorities, assets. So transfers mitigation outcomes to Tesla motor from California who receives these assets and are also approved by ministry of environment. Why, let's follow this real quick to understand why a ministry of environment comes important. So now we have an asset which is wind, it creates as an activity, electricity gets converted into renewable energy certificate, mitigation outcome has to be verified by, for example, clear trace or switch. It says, yes, this was indeed created. That gets moved into a registry. It's authorized, for example, by a ministry of environment of North Dakota that that asset can leave the territory. If a ministry of environment does not allow that and different jurisdictions, it could be different entities, does not allow that, then that should not be able to move. So a buyer should not be able to buy it. But what does it mean that it allows it? Because once you move that asset from one territory to another, what it needs to happen is that the inventory of North Dakota has to lose that mitigation outcome and move it into the inventory of the recipient. So essentially it's not just a transaction between Avingrid and Tesla, it's a transaction between North Dakota and California needs to be properly represented in their inventories. From the United States standpoint, which is the broader box here, nothing happened, right? All these assets still move within the US, let's say management, which often in the inventory is managed by the environmental protection agency. And again, obviously all is within Earth and who is the authority dealing with climate accounting, ideally is UNFCC and Paris agreement. So these are the type of situations that we set out to try to do, highly complex, but then it's the next 30 years are going to see a lot of this happening. So we got to explore what are the different components from a technological standpoint that can help us do that. So again, you'll be able to see this in the video that I posted, feel free as we move along to post some Q and As. And let me just show you a little bit of what this looked like. We demoed in each jurisdiction a level of a carbon balance, white being a zero balance and blue a little bit of a positive balance so that mitigation in red. And so we started playing around with this so that we really test that an asset, which is like, let's say a power plant in Georgia, affects the carbon rating of that state. These are examples of how these conversions occur from one wreck to a climate action asset. I hope that we have time, David, can talk a bit about how you create homogenizable assets. These get registered so that you'd be able to follow a bit of what I showed before, what price the certificate has. Then you've got the purchaser. The purchaser has a wallet of credentials and these get moved along. And once it's retired, it means that it cannot be traded anymore. And so that should be also a contract in and of itself often with tokenized carbon offsets in the normal. So the Ethereum world, these are burnt so that they can't be traded again. So I'd really encourage, oh, this is a different sort of YouTube video that I'll also put the content there. And there's some exciting points. Maybe David, you can just unmute yourself and talk a little bit through it. I'm gonna read one of the Q&As and as you're walking through it, then we'll be able to address the Q&A. But let me see if, this is probably a slide that you can talk a little bit too. Sure. Yeah, the question from Will Abramson was how many RA's agents are used and what do they represent? Can you go? Yes. How are these, the ID's assigned and who controls the keys? So at the highest level today, at the very least every authority that is responsible for specific domains would have, presumably have its own agent as well as ultimately every actor that participates. So if you basically have, you need, at the end of the day, I think what will eventually happen, we hope is that every single citizen in the world being a stakeholder in this would ultimately get their own identity with respect to how they are participating in various different ways that they roll up their activities, whether they're a part of a company or a city or otherwise they're ultimately citizens. So today it's really individual authorities in their own execution context would be the issuers of these credentials and signers of the transactions. And yeah. And it really depends, it's not like a single point. So we won't expect that, let's say the United States issues a climate credential to California, California can issue that credential to Tesla. Within let's say Avigrid, they have to also issue the asset but that needs to be verified by others. And this is where this kind of interfaces with government technology, it's where it becomes really exciting because you've got private actors issuing the IDs in the very few credentials and you've got government issuing those to companies. We probably have ideally some folks in the room from British Columbia, they're definitely the leaders in the space. But it's a lot of that relationship between not just one single issuer but the relationship. And maybe David, if you wanna talk a bit about the and I have to listen to you, otherwise we have some interesting sort of. Yeah, I'll just get through it. I'll just say a couple of things at a very high level. I know there's some work also going on in the trust IP foundation around schema management and this is extremely important for climate accounting and the instance here, we have three different registries, kind of the primary registries. And these are really representing the same types of projects wind projects, land-based mitigation projects but they have different field names and things like that. And on the one hand, they're just simple in some cases, field mapping but on the other, it creates inordinate amounts of uncertainty and risk and data transfer and cleanliness issues. So we're working very hard on being able to anchor specific projects in their spatial and semantic context. And so over time, we sort of start to develop neural pathways almost with respect to how to translate between different data schemas so that as we onboard new projects and environmental projects, we can leverage that. So let me see if we have a couple of questions. I realize we just ran out of time. This is, sorry we got carried away. There are some really important Q and A's here. So I would encourage people to write us. I'm gonna put our emails here so that we can continue the conversation if you are interested in learning more about this and some of the exciting projects coming along. Thank you, James, for facilitating. I hope that was enlightening. There's a lot to unpack there. So it's fine that there's a couple of things that we didn't go a little bit deeper into, but we'd be very, very excited to reach out to anyone with further questions. And David is, David. Yeah, I can, you know, I don't know if we're supposed to hard stop. I can try to answer a couple of the questions. Yeah, assets are represented as verifiable credentials. Ultimately, every data stream can be converted as we imagine every transaction can be converted into a verifiable credential and reused to prove some context. So issuing a renewable green electrons in one context becomes a credential that then can be used when it's converted into a mitigation outcome and then eventually retired. So this looks pretty complicated, a lot of change. Yeah, I mean, climate accounting is not a simple subject to begin with, but it's so critically important and the key here of what we're trying to do is we're trying to meet the world where it is with respect to the state of the art in climate accounting, but we're really trying to get it much closer as I mentioned to real time or speed of light as close as we can get. And we need, we're one human family, we have one budget for our carbon that we can emit and that we have to sequester and we don't really have a quick books to track all of this. And at a higher level when the initially when the financial markets had all these reporting, public reporting requirements, we thought that this was just outrageous. How can these companies report on all their revenue it's gonna cause all kinds of extraordinary complications and so much change. And there was, but now we just accept this as a required part of doing business. And I would say, I would go so far as to suggest that ultimately environmental accounting and financial accounting really need to start to merge. We need to do accounting the way that nature accounts for things which is really at a molecular level. And we need to have our policies that are really informed by are we actually doing good? Are these actions really being impactful? And if we will have another 10 years really to go through a bunch of hand waving and people comparing apples to oranges so to speak. And to answer one of the questions, I know we have two more minutes that are a little bit of extra time implemented in practice. So the leveraging DITs and credentials are already implemented in practice in different cases. And the case of for example, British Columbia that's already in practice and our role is to collaborate as much possible with BC to be able to take a lot of these lessons learned and try to think about how this would be rolled out also since you already kind of have some infrastructure and DITs and BCs. And then there's a lot of moving parts actually great question of how many areas agents were deployed in that. I think we would have to go back and count them but there was definitely more than more than one. And it's just a question of like structuring architecture in a way that you can have a lot but it probably starts making no sense for a human but it starts making more sense for AI. With that unless there's anything else thank you so much for joining. Hopefully it's helpful that we put the YouTube to learn more the depth that we just showed and our email for any follow-ups.