 My name is Axel Klausmeier. I'm the director of the Berlin Wall Foundation. So the main topic is, well, in general, I would say human rights. And it's about the Berlin Wall is about the violation of human rights. But in general our foundation is responsible for looking after two memorials. The first one is the Berlin Wall Memorial here in Bernauer Straße. The other one is the commemoration site at the former Marienfelder refugee camp. And our main task is to, well, to protect and to maintain the sites, but also to research the history, to educate people, education and political education is the key topic as well as to provide to provide an adequate memory for the victims of communist dictatorship. Well, we are of course professionals in history and our special skill and knowledge and is the past and is the history of the past. But I'm convinced that the knowledge and of the past is only meaningful if we build bridges into the present. So we are often consulted to explain about historic developments and historic ideas in connection with developments of today. So in our, especially in our educational program, we, of course, teach about the past. Yes, but it's important because, for example, the very many young people that come here ask questions about the present with a present concern. And in that respect, we have to build bridges between the past and the present because the approach is present. And if we want to reach the present generation, we have to bring in our knowledge of the past for current problems. Well, the overall narrative is, of course, and is based on our on democracy and freedom, that is for sure. But I'm the developments during the last 27 years by now have changed. And I'm absolutely convinced that more and more people that there's only a small minority today in the former East that is not sort of on this sort of is not supporting this basis, which means there is, of course, a difference between former East and West in general, but now the great, great majority of people in the former East, and you can tell that from the elections, of course, do not support the communist ideas anymore, but fully convinced that the Western democracy, ideas of democracy and freedom are the ones to follow. And this has also something to do with the generation. I mean, Germany is, I would say, far more reunited than it was 20 years ago. So the development is proceeding. And this has a lot to do with the age of people with with experiences people make. And of course, the experience of people today at the age of 70 in the former East in the former West are completely different. The European Union I fear is facing serious problems. And the topic of new borders in Europe is, of course, a very, very current one. And of course, in context with our institution, the Berlin Wall Foundation, we are very often questions and asked, are we today, since new borders are being built in Europe, are we now losing the achievements of 1989, when for the first time ever there was a peaceful revolution, communist dictatorship was peacefully overcome, walls were overcome peacefully. And now we now sort of losing this achievement due to and is this newly created Europe that was created as a consequence of the fall of the wall. Are we now losing it? But I believe that we, the vast majority of European countries treasure the value of freedom. And this will unite Europe in the future, I hope. And how memorials or memory can help to this? Is it necessary to have a European political memory? I think every country has to have its own way of approaching memory, of dealing with memory, because the memories are diverse as Europe is. It's very different in Spain to Poland. It's very different between Italy and countries in Scandinavia or Germany. It's very different to the former Eastern bloc. Spain has a very difficult past as well. We're talking about Franco, for example. How is Spain dealing with this history? How is Italy dealing with Mussolini? How is Germany dealing with two dictatorships? So it has to be an individual dealing with the past. I'm convinced. But if the general European basis is the western ideas and values of freedom and democracy, I think it's only right that there are different approaches. Because, for example, if you think of a rather sort of economic wise poorer country of the European Union, like Romania or Bulgaria, it has to be different. Yeah. About the visitors. You believe more in this new concept, or not new, but because it's a concept of tourism of memory, memory tourism or dark tourism. How do you feel with that? And how many people are you visiting here? Because it's an open space or it's a city space? Well, tourism is extremely important to convey our information, to convey our messages, our values. And I can say that Berlin in particular benefits very much from mass tourism. Berlin is the city that has, in Europe, that is, I think, third on the list following Paris and London or London and Paris. And we have an enormous amount of visitors here in Bernhard Strasser. We have nearly one million visitors dealing with this difficult past. We are dealing with the values of freedom. And we have so many visitors that we, on an ordinary basis, would not reach with an ordinary monument. So it's important to have it open, to address different target groups. And I'm glad to say that we are rather successful with it. We need open space, a public space in the middle of the city, to confront people, even with history, with, in our case, we are happy that it's a happy end in our history. I mean, the wall falls, and even peacefully, not a single shot fired. This is a wonderful message and that goes and spreads out from Berlin, spreads out from Germany. But we have to put it in an international dimension because that was only possible because international circumstances were right. And therefore, international tourists come here to see that, to learn. And in that respect, the Berlin Wall, commemoration side, is also a symbol of hope for the rest of the world. It's people come here. Yes, it was possible. Why not in our country where there are still walls or where new walls are going up? So I'm very optimistic and but extremely positive that public spaces that are dedicated to commemoration aspects are extremely important in every city of the world. Combining also relics with art processes. You have to have a multifaceted approach. You cannot rely on just one target group. You need different approaches to reach different people. You need the authentic side. You need the remnants and traces of the authentic bit. That's why we travel somewhere. Otherwise, the digital version is not any better. It's worse. We want the authentic experience. That is why we travel. But still, if we connect it with other approaches, artistic approaches, for example, it's only fair. But it has to do justice. The side has to be dominated by the authentic fabric.