 Actually, all these things regarding the structure and management of conversation that goes on in a particular context and adjacency pairs, the performance of rather co-performance of social actions, all these things were discussed to understand whether there is some relationship between conversation analysis and gender. That is the focus of this course throughout. Now, we see in this module what happens. CA tells us which part of our speech is doing gender and which is neutral. It considers gender if relevant to the ongoing talk. Now, the conversation in other words, they never enter the talk with gender assumptions. Gender ideology assumptions, they don't have any role here. But when they talk about gender, if it is relevant, then their talk can have some influence of gender. In other words, when gender is noticed, referred to explicitly in the talk, then you can see that here CA has relationship with gender. Otherwise, there is no relevance of gender, color, age, and other social categories like this in CA because these things come in background, background of the speakers. But in CA, this background has no meaning, has no role in deciding meaning of social actions and conversational actions being co-performed by the communicants. However, when we notice, when we see explicit reference to something that relates with gender, then here gender is involved. Let's see in the following slide how this happens. But before that, we know CA challenges the view that every conversation is color by gender, our stereotypes, our gender order. From this, that gender is involved when only it is noticed. It is explicitly involved. Otherwise, it has no role. So, it shows one thing that is very important that we should never approach every conversation from the point of view of gender or from gender stereotypes. How do we know gender noticing? We take gender as conversational action, our function. First of all, we assume that gender is also a function like invitation, like question as we discussed in a JSNC pair. So, again, we think that gender is also a conversational action like that and it is also co-performed. If so, it will be performed through sequence of utterances which are here called noticing series. The term is different. Otherwise, the meaning and role is the same. Instead of calling is a JSNC pair, we this time are calling it noticing series because this is our focus. If we notice it, if we find it out, that it is noticed, then we can relate our talk with gender. The series consists of now what is in this. Number one, first of all, the participants indirectly, very slightly refer to some gender activity. Preferral mention of that, marginal mention of that and then as conversation moves on, the second thing is gender noticing. Here, the gender talk is prominent and after that, whatever follows, gender talk dominates. This is called gender relevance extended. So, this is how during talk, during conversation, we find out where gender is. For example, as I said earlier, we would see its example how it happens. Now, let's see this dialogue. Again, this is transcription. It is in a copy of the real speech. So, that's why some transcription symbols are involved here. In round brackets, you see the time and when you see a column like math, it is lengthening of sound. It is a kind of stress and if you double column symbols, it is doubling the stress and you prolong the sound. In other words, you see Mary, first convertent and second is Liz. Mary says, look in a short pause, less than one second. It is at the very top of one of those bear bushes there. This repetition of haha shows breathiness. Breathiness means when you gas, that shows your emotional condition. Sometimes in emotions, we gas. We release more air from our mouth. It is shown in this transcription by using H or repeating it. Now, Liz answers to Mary, oh, then there is long pause. Mary again is, I've lost him. Someone was over there. Lisa, Liz, her answer is very tactful, very meaningful that as she knows that Mary has definitely noticed some partner, some person, some male friend, etc. Up to this point, the mention of gender was very, very indirect, preferable. After that, Liz again asks a question, pardon, Mary, I've lost the one that was singing. He was, he was so plain. Now, here overlap, Mary was talking and during her talk, after that, you see square bracket starts. It shows that her statement was not complete. It was interrupted by Liz from, he was singing onward and it goes on up to the second and then third line. Now, see, he was he, he was so plain. Wasn't he? Again pause, more than one second. I'm saying he, it might be a she. This is a kind of laugh. After that, you see equal sign. Equal sign shows when there is no pause between one utterance and the other utterance and they are exactly with adjacent with each other. There is no pause. Lack of pause is shown by this equal sign. Now, this is in the beginning of this utterance that was at the end of the previous utterance. It shows they latch on each other as we latch on doors. Similarly, these utterances latch on each other. Mary says, if it sings, it's he, definitely then it was a male. Only she thinks that males sing in such kind of environment. Now, here the gender involves prominently. Here gender is noticed and beyond that, the whole talk is about that he, this is gender extension, gender relevance. We conclude with the help of this task and talk. CA provides a better approach to analyze conversation being gender relevant or not. How CA does it? It assumes that gender is also a social action. It may be or may not be present in conversation.