 Assistant Professor in Computer Science and Engineering Department at Walton Institute of Technology, Solapur. Today we are going to discuss a topic on private cloud example that is an open stack. So open stack is basically a cloud operating system that controls large pools of compute, storage and networking resources through a particular data centers and all these manage through a dashboard, which gives administrators control while empowering their users to provision resources through a web interfaces. The learning outcome of this topic are at the end of this session the students will be able to explain the software architecture of open stack, the students will be able to identify the different components of the open stack. Now first we will see what is open stack. Open stack is a collection of open source components to deliver public and private infrastructure as a service that is an us clouds. It's having a list of components such as Nova, Glance, Keystone, Horizon and Heat. We will see the details later and this infrastructure as a service cloud allows users to manage virtual machines, virtual networks, storage resources, etc. Now here we will see briefly the history of an open stack. In July 2010 RackSpace hosting and NASA is jointly launched an open source cloud software initiative known as an open stack. The mission statement was to produce the ubiquitous open source cloud computing platform that will meet the needs of public and private clouds regardless of size by being simple to implement and massively scalable. Now here in this diagram we will see the architecture of an open stack. So this is an open stack architecture which is all about providing computing for end users in a remote environment where the actual software runs as a service on a reliable and scalable servers rather than on each end user's computers. The open stack is considered as infrastructure as a service. So providing infrastructure means that open stack makes it easy for users to quickly add new instance upon which other cloud components can run. So typically the infrastructure then runs as a platform upon which a developer can create software applications that are delivered to the particular end users. Now we will see the list of particular components of an open stack. So basically the open stack is made up of many different moving parts and because of its open nature anyone can add additional components on open stack to help it to meet their needs. But the open stack community has collaboratively identified key components which are the part of the core of open stack. So they are distributed as a part of any open stack system and officially maintained by the open stack community. So here you can see the components, how they are going to arrange and according to the particular services they are going to provide. So dashboards are there, identifiers are there and so on. We will see the details in the next slide of the component. So here are the particular main service and its component we have written. So compute is a main service, NOVA is a component, networking is a service, Neutron is a component, likewise block storage, identity, image, object storage, dashboard or just strand. These are all are the main services. Then NOVA, Neutron, Cinder, Keystone, Glance, Swift, Horizon, Heat, these are the components. So in details we will see in terms of this particular components and services. So first we will see the compute that is a NOVA. NOVA is the primary computing engine behind open stack. So it is used for deploying, managing large numbers of virtual machines and other instances. Second is a networking that is Neutron. Neutron provides the networking capability for open stack and it helps to ensure that each of the components of an open stack deployment can communicate with one another quickly and efficiently. Then third one, block storage Cinder. Cinder is a block storage component, it is more analogous to the traditional notion of a computer being able to access specific locations on a disk drive. This more traditional way of accessing files might be important in scenarios in which data access, speed is the most important considerations. Then fourth one is an identity that is an Keystone. Keystone provides identity services for open stack. It is essentially a central list of all of the users of the open stack cloud. It is stored against all of the services provided by the cloud which they have permission to use. So it provides multiple means of access meaning developers can easily map their existing user access methods against Keystone. Now we will see the image glance which provides image service to open stack. In this case images refers to images that is a means virtual copies are there of hard disk and glance allows these images to be used as a templates when deploying new virtual machines instances. Next we will see the object storage that is in Swift. Swift is a storage system for objects and files. Developers can refer to a unique identifier referring to the file or piece of information and let open stack decide where to store this information. This makes scaling easy as developers don't have the worry about the capacity on a single system behind the software. Now we will see the dashboard that is an horizon. It is a dashboard behind open stack. It is only graphical interface to open stack. Developers can access all of the components of open stack individually through an API but the dashboard provides system administrators a look at what is going on in the cloud and to manage it as needed. Then last one is an orchestration heat. It is an orchestration component of open stack which allows developers to store the requirements of a cloud application in a file that defines what resources are necessary for that applications. Now we will see the open stack compatibility with other cloud APIs. So for an example the EC2 API project aims to provide compatibility with Amazon EC2 that is an Elastic Compute Cloud then GCE API project aims to provide the compatibility with Google Compute Engine. Now pause a video and write it down your answer state the different challenges of open stack. So first is an installation challenges. Open stack is a suit of projects rather than a single product because each of the various applications need to be configured which will suit the user's requirements. Installation is complex and requires a range of complementary skill sets. So open stack environment include so many components and all are make to work together which is a difficult task and because it is a still maturing software. Second one is in documentation here you will have thousands or hundreds of thousands of virtual machines and you need to have a well established complete automated CI-CD process for software management which more than 25 projects managing document quality is always going to be challenging. Then third one is an upgrading open stack. Cloud offers its user not only high reliability but also high availability. So something that cloud supplier will offer in service level agreements or due to its multi project development approach the complexity implementation may means that downtime is an unavoidable consequences. Then the last one is in long term support it is quite common for a business to keep using an earlier release of software for some time after it has been upgraded. So even though it is an increasing rapidly still there are shortage of technical resources who understands the complexity of the open stack environment. So these are the challenges. Now here you will see the list of the users of the open stack like AT&T, BCC, Bhabha Atomic Research Center, BMW, eBay, Ericsson, HP, Coverage Cloud, Intel, NASA, Nokia Networks, Raxpace Cloud, Reliance Joe, Snapdils, Sony, Volkswagen, Walmart, Wikimedia, Labs and the Yahoo. So we will see the benefits of the open stack. Those who chooses to access the resource code make any changes or modification they need and freely share these changes back out to the community at large. So it is also means that the open stack has the benefit of thousands of developers all over the world working in tandem to development of a strongest, most robust and most secure product that they can. So these are the list of the references which I have referred for this particular topic. Thank you one and all, thank you.