 The study found that S-104, a protein family member, protects neurons in the injured brain and identified two sequence motifs in S-100A for mediating its neurotrophic effect. Synthetic peptids encompassing these motifs stimulated neurotogenesis and survival in vitro and mimic the S-100A for induced neuroprotection in brain trauma. The study then investigated a possible function of S-104 and its memetics in the pathologies of the peripheral nervous system, PNS. It found that S-100A for was expressed in the injured PNS and that its peptid memetic, H3, affected the regeneration and survival of myelinated axons. H3 accelerated electrophysiological, behavioral and morphological recovery after sciatic nerve crush while transiently delaying regeneration after sciatic nerve transaction and repair. The study attributed these effects to the modulatory effect of H3 on initial axonal sprouting. In contrast to the modest effect of H3 on the time course of regeneration, H3 had a long-term neuroprotective effect in the myelin protein P0-nol mice, a model of dismyelinating neuropathy, Chaco-Marie-Tooth type 1 disease, where the peptid attenuated the deterioration of nerve conduction, demyelination and axonal loss. The study suggests that S-10C proteins, sharing high homology in the H3 motif, may have important functions in PNS pathologies. This article was authored by Mihail Moldovan, Volodymy Pinchenko, Oksana Dmitrieva and others. We are article.tv, links in the description below.