 Hi everyone. Clearing the preliminary exam is the first successful step towards achieving the goal for the post in UPC civil services exam you wish to go. That too in this extraordinary situation where the entire world has been crippled and have been fighting for against the COVID. It is difficult for interaction that too especially one to one interaction with the students to clarify their doubts. Sure and another attempt is made to clarify the doubts and to interact with you. Sure. This is the second part of my videos regarding the history. The first part is related to ancient and medieval one or two months before itself it has been published in the Shankaraya Sakadami YouTube channel. So you do one thing you have not seen this before watching this video or lecture session please go through that ancient and medieval part what I have taken there and then you watch this one then because it is a continuation of the first part because there ancient medieval has been discussed in this year I am going to discuss about culture and heritage why I am saying is culture and heritage is the non-political and non-administrative part of ancient and medieval but the same kind of units the same set of rulers okay and same set of years chronological order is useful here also. So if you have not seen the first part that ancient medieval go to the Akadami website YouTube channel in that is there ancient medieval description and come back it is a second it will be helpful why I am saying is in the first part itself I have discussed about the political part of ancient and medieval ancient and medieval has been discussed. So in the ancient I discussed from the prehistory prehistory and up to the Harsha that too in the chronological order in medieval also I discussed from the Rajput age Rajput age around 750 750 and up to 70 07 till the death of Aurangzeb Aurangzeb if you do not know this chronological order it is difficult to understand culture and heritage but actually it is not art and culture part it should be called as culture and heritage part because if you take that UPSC GS1 you take just to take the UPSC GS1 but in that if you see the first one they mentioned as culture and heritage they never mentioned art and culture this is right okay for that it means that UPSC consider you studied the political part of ancient and medieval so if you knew the political part that the chronological order then it is the second part is art and that is the culture and heritage. So why I am saying come back to this is why I am saying is clearing the prelims is the first step is you should clear the prelims first of all right for that some of the subjects play a vital role in that one of the core subject is the history that too if you see the history one of the topic is highly useful to clear the prelims is this culture and heritage part I am damn sure of this if out of 100 out of 100 question if 15 questions are asked from history means definitely 5 to 6 should be from the culture and heritage part how much of weightage you are giving to modern India the same weightage you have to give it to the culture and heritage nearly 80 to 90 percentage of the preliminary part of history would come from modern India and from culture and heritage okay for today in this session the culture and heritage part how you have to approach it how the questions previous questions have been asked a brief idea what are the grey area normally a student would miss it what kind of foundation you have to put it then only you have to go through other topic in the culture and heritage that is what I am going to discuss here I am not discussing ABCD of this rather than here what kind of mistakes normally a student may commit it and how you have to plug the loop holes okay so that at all if you put the foundation then it is for that sir what kind of mistakes I am doing while studying culture and heritage is simple thing I always insist to my students that what is the first thing is study syllabus and explain the syllabus from that syllabus you study if you simply see culture and heritage culture and heritage main nothing would come but if you go to the syllabus especially not the preliminary syllabus because in prelims the history part and culture and heritage is part is not at all explained there but in the main spot of GS it is explained if you go to the GS one main they explain about the culture and heritage in what way they explained about the GS one even you could cross check it in the GS one that is a paper to if you see that culture and heritage culture and heritage if it means they mention three part one is the architecture another is the literature literature and another is the art forms the key word are this culture and heritage includes architecture literature art forms from ancient to modern so it means that ancient part of architecture literature order medieval part of architecture literature and modern part of architecture literature and not this is what the syllabus very clear cut is mentioned in the main spot and if you come to art if you come to art again you have to split it in what we have to split it is music music and song both can be kept it and under one number law second thing is the dance form and the third is the painting third is the painting so you split it you split the portion then you would get it now it is very clear that the architecture literature music and song dance and painting of ancient medieval modern so whether you have studied this permutation combination part that's all over have you have you studied the ancient painting have you studied ancient dance any kind have you studied the ancient architecture ancient literature that's all over so this is what the explanation part of this maximum question would be confined to this okay but one hidden topic is there here one hidden topic what is a hidden topic or is if you want to learn the art forms if you want to learn the architecture what is the hidden topic you are mentioned I would like to mention is religion so without touching the religion without studying the major religion in India don't and never enter into this part so first what you have to be preference is religion it is mentioned it's coming under society that's why here it is not at all mentioned okay but while studying about the Indian society it means that it includes the religion this part I have explained it in the first part of the ancient and medieval itself okay so you should know the religion Hinduism you should know Islam you should know Sikhism you should know right then Buddhism you should know next to Jainism you should know even you should know Zoroastrianism also Zoroastrianism Christianity yes because it's not in the syllabus it's not at all given but you have to study Christianity also the first you should know this religion and the basic tenets of this religion then you start actually many students are making mistake what one is without knowing this they straight away enter into this then they are entered getting into the problem why I'm saying so why why should you study you may ask question why should I study of religion is simple in India whether it is architecture or literature or dance or painting 75% to 80% or religious oriented I think you do also accept the same view I'm right yes so everything is religious oriented because if I can split like this architecture religious architecture secular architecture literature religious literature secular literature likewise art also here also religious and secular here also like this here also like this but more inclination is to watch religion yourself can give it if you go to Madhubani painting simple you take Madhubani painting Madhubani painting is more religious oriented Madhubani is located in Bihar Mithila region Mithila the mythology of Mithila is Sita Sita is linked with Rama Ramayana that's all if you know Ramayana that is Hinduism then it's very easy to understand the Madhubani painting simple understood otherwise if you come down to south in Tamil Nadu if you want to know Bharatanatyam you should know of Sivism because Bharatanatyam is completely linked with the Shiva Shiva Tandava concept under that is for this permanent slasya concept so without knowing the Sivism it is difficult to understand what is Bharatanatyam I'm saying one or two example otherwise if you go to northeast the very famous dance called Sathriya I think by the time you all people know very well of this Sathriya dance before studying about the Sathriya you should know of Sri Shankaradeva Sri Shankaradeva the great Vaishnavist bhakti saint who promoted Vaishnavism in Aham kingdom that is in Assam if you don't know about Vaishnavism and Sri Shankaradeva difficult to study Sathriya so normally a student would not concentrate on here rather than would have entered into this if you have such a things committed such error not out till you have time prepare this don't go for much philosophical thing just an idea then you entered studying is damn easy actually you could easily manage in problems you could go for elimination process you could easily arrive at time so first priority is this religion okay do it even once question from Zoroastrianism 2011 mains question is from Zoroastrianism 20 mark or 15 more question is asked why fire is an important element in Zoroastrianism discussed that's all right so first to go through this basic idea once you have studied it then you don't enter into architecture art form second important you give to literature part so this is a way of study literature part why why do you say sir means listen religion provided the philosophical idea from where do we study the religious concept is from literature if you want to know I will some go on study Shiva Burana am I right if you want to know Vaishnavism Bahavad Gita Bahavad Burana I get enlist a lot of textbook understood so literature where the concept of religion idea is there means literature so second you have to study literature you should know the Vedas for whether what all the four weather try to say you should know the basic tenets of ubanizad understood and you should know for all the court pirates or court chronicler under Mohammed bin Tugla or who are all the great poet or great chronicler during shajahan like Abdul Hamid Lahori understood so second important is literature if you study these two things these are very easy actually so third you have to concentrate on architecture and the fourth on art form so better to keep this order it's very easy first to take time to understand each religion if you belong to Buddhism or if you belong to cities some understanding your religion is easy don't again study about your religion rather than go and study about other religion where you consider as you are weak start with this better okay so here you have to vote then it is a little bit easy then after that these are very damn easy actually okay and now for last thing is art forms in the art forms this is the order first to always music and song he wouldn't mind without studying music and song don't study dance and thinking so first second third fourth in the art form itself first is music and song second is dance and the third one is painting painting should be your last part in the art form arrange it please study like this it's very easy why why i'm saying is very easy that way if you see music and song why song and music why music and song reason is there which is earliest music or song which is bass is music if you know the music composition especially the ascending descending notes arigamo badhanisa like so and so right the notes is there or rhythmic part or thala part if you know the music composing song are very easy so bass is the music from that only song even if you the how songs are composed mean first they would be la la la la so and so so and so then they would fix it words music that's a song accordingly so bass is the music that's why i used to say yes if you know music very well you can be easy you can easily sing a song you can easily be a singer but if you know just the singing you can't be a musician that's why it's like a seaside all the musicians are singer but all the singers are not musicians understood now am i right all the musicians can be a singer or all the singer but all the singers are not musicians they are agman musicians but singer am i right udhidh narayanan singer difficult to enter into as a musician that's why study music no need to study or separating of the song along with the music itself song part would itself come part and parcel right and second i ask after studying music and song only you should go to dance because for dance purpose you need what do you need yes music either music would be there or song would be there otherwise both would be there then only one can go for dance rather than you simply take it i ask if you are in dance or what to dance sir you have to play some music otherwise you have to put some this song am i right you sing a song then i will otherwise you put it in that CD player or dvd player then i will dance it that's why keep it in mind without studying music and song never enter into dance one dance one why i'm saying is this if some people would have studied this one for example whatever the classical dance if it is baradhanatyam mean i ask the baradhanatyam dancer please put one one one performance means what is essential mean of music and song the baradhanatyam is accompanied by karnatic music if no such a karnatic music mean no dance am i right and if you go to manipuri dance manipuri dance is manipuri music is there because in manipuri music alone manipuri dance alone neither karnatic nor hindustani would come because manipuri dance has accompanied by its own music that's very important keep it in mind so two dance forms or classical dance forms are there right which never follow the classical music one is manipuri manipuri dance has its own music called manipuri music another thing is satria satria dance has its own music okay and if you come to mainland of india only one is linked with the hindustani that is the kathak kathak dance alone is accompanied by the hindustani music all other dance form especially from kuchupudi or from modici or kathakali or baradhanatyam or mohini atom all the dance forms are accompanied by the karnatic music so this is very important kathak is accompanied by hindustani kathak is the only classical dance which is accompanied by the hindustani so if you don't know hindustani music you can't study kathak dance and if you don't know karnatic you can't study any other dance form that is excellent that's why these two are very important and the painting is the independent part if you have understood this everything automatically painting it's it's like a halwa that too in my south trunel valley halwa it's a very famous one it's like would be like this so painting is somewhat independent especially painting is more towards religion if you know religion and literature part painting is very easy why i'm saying is if you want to paint simply if you want to paint what is essential theme from where you would get theme you would get the theme from literature literature contains more the religion automatically it would come to the religious part so this is the method of study so please note it down and always follow accordingly if you make any lapses or discontinuities in this area try to plug hole it then you will feel very happy of understanding the cultural heritage part understood yes so now i derive the syllabus of culture and heritage okay now we will take one or two subject topic and i try to explain of you many a student events and requested to take this kind of topics so as to understanding of this okay some gray area one or two i will i will discuss of this so keep it in mind this is for culture and heritage syllabus okay another thing is if you go to my first video in that i explained thoroughly explained the topics the chronological order what are all the syllabus of ancient what are all the syllabus of medieval what are all the syllabus of medieval so here is 5 lakh bc on to 750 ed ancient and the medieval is 750 id to 1707 why i am saying is if you are studying about religion what are all the religion during ancient time what are all the religion during medieval time understood so political and religion you have to fix it even some political questions are being asked like 2013 what is the 2013 question is who barber chair is the barber barber ruled 1526 to 1530 in India in India he ruled it outside India he ruled Kabul and other area even before 1526 that different matter okay now i come confined to India 1526 2013 preliminary question when barber attacked India that we in the panipat which of the following saint are his contemporary keep it in mind so they are linking the religion with the political you should know barber's time and you should know the contemporary religious saint or religio personality in that option they have given three people first thing is the Guru Nanak Guru Nanak have been given another thing is Teaharaja Teaharaja another i forget it okay so Guru Nanak you all we will know Teaharaja the great saint bhakti de former from south India and he is the instrumental for creating uh public writing the karnatic music the Teaharaja Bhava that very famous person right and third person i forget exactly right choose the correct answer what is the only answer is the Guru Nanak this is what if you don't know the religious thing you can't link it with that so for that please you should know chronological order and after studying religion try to match it try to match it now i will give one question Chaitanya Mahabrabhu as the contemporary of which delhi sultan or which ruler question number one question number two is Tulsidas the great bhakti reformer was the contemporary of which delhi sultan it's a question number two question number three is is the great Maharashtra bhakti saint Thukaram Thukaram was the contemporary of which maratha ruler whether Chathrabadi Sivaji or Chathrabadi Sambhaji or Chathrabadi Shahu Thukaram or the contemporary of which maratha ruler linked it understood so for that so this one and for this this i have already explained in the first part itself and the next thing is literature if you come to literature ancient period what are all the literature next medieval what are all the literature and always try to correlate with this core point and you study chronologically not only the ruler even the religion even the literature even the painting architecture everything also even the class also to discuss like that understood so this is the manner of studying if you know chronologically order prelims is nothing for clearing the answering the culture and heritage but one question no one knows of this one or two question out of six minutes one it's difficult no need to bother about it and don't give much important just to to answer about the one okay but even myself sometimes don't know of attending this no need to bother because you are not going to answer 100 out of 100 maximum 75 to 80 depend on the question even sometimes attending 60 question itself is of a great so don't give much weightage to a single one for that some people would search for numerable innumerable books actually that's wrong okay so this is the method of being again and again if you see in my thing i emphasized on these two that is a religious part and another is the literature part actually right this is the method of study now we'll discuss one or two interesting thing i'll start with religion religion approach what kind of approach if you know this basic architecture other thing you could study okay so you come to the religion in that that's a Hinduism Buddhism Jainism right Islam Zoroastrianism Christianity Sikhism Sikhism is there if you earlier go through it major questions are from here less question from here very less less question from here and in GS part in history optional part definitely you should study in GS part very less question from here major questions are from this it does not mean that right i'm sorry i'm i'm asking not to study you know you have to study of the basic idea of these things okay UPSC we can't predict it you should prepare of this what UPSC wanted you study i will give the question you answer it accordingly these are all the religion important aspect in this Hinduism wise majority of following is the Hinduism wise so you will not fail it Buddhism Jainism is more or less it's considered as a neutral religion even is you would have studied about it even if you come to Islamism right there's some basic ideas here also there here what i try to explain here is some ideas about the Hinduism and some ideas about the Islam i try to explain to you okay these are all the keywords for studying for limb and you should reproduce it in main source so a brief idea for next often ever i try to give it it so if you want you note it down that may be helpful for this right with this i open in the Hinduism in the Hinduism what kind of concept you should know of this is the earliest part is Vedas definitely you should study of Vedic Vedic literature that's why i'm saying literature and religion goes hand in hand Vedic literature definitely you should know and many are thinking that Vedic literature mean just Vedas no absolutely wrong Vedic literature mean all two are five five are called Vedic literature one is the Veda second is what's the second is Aranya ka third is sorry second is brahmana third is Aranya ka fourth is Upanishad Upanishad and fifth one is Vedanga all the five constitute Vedic literature so don't confuse with Veda and Vedic text if question is asked related to Vedic text mean you have to give equal importance to all this five this Veda only consists of four riksam or rikya jure some other vana so be careful while reading the question definitely questions would come from this part okay thoroughly you have to study of this in that riksam you might have studied what is the brahmana actually so brahmana here means not just the man it is related to the text book if you see the brahmana Aranya ka Upanishad all try to explain the Vedic text that is the Vedas Aranya ka is also trying to explain rikveda yajur some Upanishad also try to explain everything so basic is Vedic Vedas all that remaining three try the explanation of this I will give one or two important for example you you take a very famous brahmana called sathapata even in 1110 set you might have studied sathapata brahmana brahmana right it explain it's a yajur yajur veda okay one another brahmana is there aitreya brahmana it is attributed to or linked with the rikveda rikveda so likewise basic is Vedas brahmanas Upanishad Aranya ka try to explain in various ways about the three for example how brahmanas explain about Vedas means it's more ritualistic oriented in the case of brahmana but if you come to Upanishad all the Upanishad try to explain Vedas based on knowledge actually that is a entirely different while the brahmana try to explain each Vedas based on ritualistic aspect Upanishad try to explain about the knowledge basis that's why if you see that fountain that is origin of the Indian philosophical things that the ancient Indian philosophical things what is the fountain head is this Upanishad so you should know Upanishad and this is the origin of many Bhakti movement and even many Acharyas if you want to know Advaita if you want to know Vishistha Advaita or if you want to know Chaitanya Mahabrabhu is right veda veda concept what is the origin is the Upanishad so please study about Upanishad these things you might have discussed studied it so you might have mistaken of neglecting of this I hope so basic is the Upanishad understood so this Upanishad contains so many things actually what Upanishad contains sir is actually if you go to Upanishad some words are explained if they explain soul matter right matter matter that's called atma okay atma jiva atma paramatma and they try to explain one to these kinds of keyword creator creator created the basic things are essential of this and why not even the cycle of rebirth cycle of rebirth these kinds are mentioned here in this Upanishad very fountain if you don't know this Upanishad and these ideas it's difficult and even the word moksha moksha that's a salvation while you are writing in means about Upanishad examiner would check of these kinds of keywords okay if you don't know this soul matter who created who what all the created who creator okay who is the creator it's difficult to understand the bhakti reform why I'm saying is the entire bhakti reform revolve around this because what is the purpose of devotion bhakti means all the Hindus should know very well you knew very well of this I hope to attain what is salvation material benefit is later what for what purpose bhakti concept is to attain salvation what is salvation you have to go into look into the Upanishad concept then definitely would have an idea understood so this Upanishad contain this much of information and this is the fountain head up Indian philosophy so one by one I will discuss just imagine Indian philosophy understood now if we have separate chapter is there in in 11th century about the Indian philosophy itself if you see Indian philosophy Indian philosophy are two kind of oneness astiga astiga philosophy another is nastiga philosophy keep it in mind first you should know Upanishad first Vedic text what are all the Vedic text in that fourth Vedic text is Upanishad from the Upanishad what are all the keywords then I'm entering into the next thing Indian philosophy Indian philosophy of two kinds astiga and nastiga okay so what is astiga means what are all the philosophy accepted Vedic Vedic text if accepted Vedic text to mean astiga rejected Vedic text to mean nastiga that's all simple so don't confuse with astic nastic concept of now as of now if you say I am an astika right means you are the believer of God nastiga means you are non-believer does not go once upon a time so here whoever accepted the Vedic text called nastiga didn't accept the sorry astiga whoever didn't accept this nastiga then what are all the nastiga philosophy is three Buddhism Jainism Ajivika Ajivika and another important thing is Charvaka Charvaka or Lokhayata 2014 or 15 preliminary question how you check it of this so how I derived gradually you have to go back you have to go back and and then you have to put your car in the forward again okay if you don't know Ubenesat if you don't know Veda you can't study these things so basic don't go through entire Vedas okay don't take a Yajur Veda itself is this much of book I have to study everything no if you Ubenesat I have to study all the Ubenesat even that president I was 12 president of India Raga Krishnan Ubenesat book is there excellent book don't study for UPSU what's Ubenesat what all different what's the core that's enough so this is and if you come to astiga in that astiga only six philosophies are there actually this philosophies are called Darshanav from where do I explain is it's there in 11th century old in shirdi or a Sharma from that only I'm discussing with my own experience I'm elaborating it in that unit not more than six or seven pages in a nutshell they explain I have with my experience I'm explaining with various informations what I studied earlier that's all so six Darshanas are there so six Darshanas what are all the six Darshanas in that only Samkhya so and so so so and the last one of the important thing is Vedanda so six Darshanas are there Samkhya Nyaya Mitra Kammakrasana right Vaisheshika so six philosophical thing that all called the astiga school that's also called Darshana if I never you come across what Darshana means this concept okay if you want to know these six Darshanas definitely you should know the Ubenesat definitely you should know the Vedic text basic of Vedic text if you don't know what is whole matter Atma Paramatma Jivatma it's difficult to understand this so basic things are this one the Indian philosophy okay sir you are discussing about religion but you are discussing about literature you see that religion literature again I come back to religion what's the thing is religion and literature are interwoven to this we want to know about the religion you have to take into the literature part from literature part only we can get the religious ideas understood so this is what okay why do I explained of this Indian philosophy up to Vedanda if you don't know Vedanda philosophy how I am deriving it carefully listen if you don't know of the Vedanda philosophy right you can't study Bhakti movement because this Vedanda philosophy was gradually written commentaries were written by so many people in that one of the early person is Shankara Shankaracharya and if you want to know Shankara's philosophy of Advaita Advaita you should know the Vedanda if you want to know Vedanda you should know six Darshanas that's a path of Astigha then you should know what is Indian philosophy Indian philosophy are two kind where it is derived mean Ubenesat where is Ubenesat mean it you have to go back to Vedic text Vedic text what Ubenesat itself try to explain about the four Vedas actually this is what you are tracing to the bedrock so put your building if you want to have a building very strong put it from bedrock putting bedrock especially the foundation will take time once you put if you identify the bedrock from there you started to put foundation then building will be very strong because you may know architecture very well Humpy yes I even I visited the places sir even I have seen so I have seen so many Kalamkari painting even I have I knew very well but what is there inside my note information inside it everything is religious oriented where you could easily study religion literature part so study both religion and literature part then you come to here so Vedanda from that Advaita if you don't know Advaita you can't study which is Advaita you can't study Dwahidha Advaita or you can't study Dwahidha or you can't study Beda Abheda principle of Caitanya Mahabrabhu this is the base understood so this is the core if you I started to take this Shankaracharya, Ramanuchacharya, Madhuvacharya, Nimburga Acharya, Vallabhacharya these are all the great Acharyas who actually contributed to the Bhakti movement right along with though these people are called Acharyas Acharya along with the great Tamil as well as Bhakti reformer Nayanmar and Alwar this is entirely based on Tamil literature these are all entirely based on the Tamil literature no way linked with this so along with Acharyas you have to study this Nayanmar and Alwar if you study these things then only you have to actually study the Bhakti reform understood so religion as well as literature are simultaneously is discussed here the student would commit mistake I hope to my experience I am saying it if you have not done then well and good your way of method is preparation is good you just to continue is if you are not preparing like this so go back prepare here then you go to study of painting and other aspects okay so this is one important and one another important I have to discuss regarding this when you said and regarding salvation is the word moksha that is a cycle of rebirth or breaking the cycle of rebirth so what is the meaning of moksha with this I will live and I will go to the in Islam another part that is at religious wise we will discuss a brief idea okay so sure is salvation are called moksha so what is moksha is definition part actually bhakti whenever you say I am a bhakta bhakta pragalad okay whenever I say bhakta or bhaktai it's a woman it's a bhaktai okay whenever if you say I mean what is the purpose of bhakti naksal is to achieve salvation material benefit oh god please make me as an IS officer that is not ultimate aim of the bhakti concept what is ultimate why do you go to the temple material benefit okay I want this much of sovereign of gold I want to become car I want to achieve become an IS officer I want to get a tremendous to buy a car material benefit is different that is a secondary so if you say I am a bhakti follower means a bhakta means moksha okay at least moksha is breaking the cycle of rebirth simple concept I am not going to explain about like the religious people of this they have the great experience they have great insight of this just mentioning or the shallow idea relate to you please just time confined okay so here we just here is the soul here is the matter actually soul it's called atma in religious wise otherwise science wise it's called that is the life okay so matter matter is the body matter is the body so you see that you could what you could see this matter six feet tall this person you could see okay soul you can't see I am right that's a life you can't see where is my life where is it located here or here or here or here I am right so this is a matter and what's running is the life actually both are interlinked highly without matter soul is useless I am right without soul may matter is useless otherwise I could put like this without matter soul cannot work soul alone can't do anything right especially you could see the white color matter would be a soul would be there how many ghost movies we have seen that so that white color one thing would be there it should enter into human being and try to achieve something once achievement is over again it would come out so many Hollywood Bollywood Tollywood I am right so many movies are there in that so likewise matter if it is there if soul is removed the matter it's become nothing it's a dead body as long as soul is there within the matter I am a respectful person for example I am Saranmuthi or so on so so on so great respectful person so and so Sri Saranmuthi but if I did my matter is alone I am not Sri eat just imagine eat the respect has gone when the respect has gone when the soul has gone from the matter am I right jadao even in Tamil I used to say in that man is there please comes are avaragal if dead means on the jadao to take photo other to give photo this is what so this is inter okay so this is all running it now who gave this soul mean here the concept called Brahman so don't confuse with Brahma Shiva Vishnu here Brahman so the Brahman it is believed as per the Hindu philosophy that's the Indian philosophy Hindu way of philosophy ancient Indian philosophy I am saying so he gave the soul to us so I got the soul from Brahman okay you may also you are also having the soul it means that as per Hinduism who gave it Brahman okay so all the souls are from this Brahman that's why it is called universal soul this is the individual soul individual soul okay when Brahman gave the soul very pure and entered into the matter now I am here once my diet keep it in mind so I am here I am laying for some years after my death this matter is perishable but soul is not perishable what the soul would do again it try to re-unit with the Brahman it would go that's why in so many movies Indian movie could see when a man is dead a white matter would go upwards am I right and you try to achieve by attachment with the Brahman okay now Brahman would check it how he would check it mean Brahman would check it when I send it to you soul is pure the same purity of the soul has come back or not definitely not because because of our bad habit because of our wrong thing the soul has become polluted if polluted means again what would happen the same soul would descend and again linked with another matter and again you would get the luxury actually this is called the basic concept of janma first janma second janma so on so and this concept is called cycle of rebirth so cycle of rebirth not your matter would not bond again and again rather than your soul would change the concept actually this is called trans migration of so okay so this is called cycle of rebirth so breaking the cycle of rebirth is called moksha here you have to break it once your soul is reached the soul should not come again okay soul should not come again so you have to break the cycle breaking the cycle is called moksha how you have to break various methods are there oh god oh Brahman one generation is enough in that itself I felt I I I I faced so many trouble I don't want to come again and again I don't want to make it into trouble I want to face any things right one one janma is more than enough and same okay for that so that is called salvation to achieve it so many ways so how to break is three kind of margas three kind of marga what is the earliest marga is karma marga it's a karma marga earliest marga second marga is nyan marga g or g okay nyan marga and third marga is the bhakti marga bhakti marga we are here the essence of the bhakti marga is to break the cycle of rebirth but it is not the first one before the nyan marga was followed even before the karma marga what is karma don't confuse with the karma whatever the karma the would repeat it that is different the karma the definition itself is different explanation here karma marga means if you do something you would come out of the cycle of rebirth karma marga says ritual you do ritual you would come out so called parigara even the Sanskrit word is there parigara in even Tamil also the same word is there parigara if you do it okay parigara mean you have to do some ritual but for that you need money but many are didn't have money next after what happened is nyan marga no no you should be a knowledgeable man jnana anjana jnana means knowledge anjana means ignorance if you study you would not commit mistake if you don't commit mistake your soul is pure if your soul is pure cycle of rebirth is broken that is called jnan marga who is the proponder of jnan marga is sankracharya sankracharya is the first proponder of the jnan marga jnan marga concept can be seen in ubanisad also because ubanisad itself is jnan marga that's what i'm saying if you want to know sankracharya you should know of jnan marga ubanisad principle otherwise the basic thing you should know and next you come to next then what happened is only the studied person alone would pretend to cycle of rebirth breaking it very later no no no need to perform rituals no need to study a lot then the third marga is bhakti what is the bhakti is surrender you just surrender before the god oh god you are for everything just you surrendered you will get it okay who is the actual proponder of the bhakti is ramanu jnacharya so you just imagine this is the starting point of the bhakti you have to put this much of effort of the bhakti moment then only you could study of the bhakti reformers also so this is called so karma jnana bhakti marga as of now we are following the bhakti marga we don't know later some dharma marga or some other marga may come uh wait and see so this kind of basic i think with this basic effort you go and study the other bhakti reformers you will definitely get the very basic idea of this okay if this is the case of in south if you come to north only one thing you have to be added in south there is no difference about the bhakti reform but in the north two kinds are there one is the saguna saguna school another is nirguna school nirguna school actually in south if you come there is no diffusion division because all are saguna but in north the bhakti reformer of two kinds saguna nirguna easy guna guna means forms attributes nirguna means god has no form so keep it in mind they never rejected god rather than they said god has no form god is there omnipotent omnipresent it's like a praglad god is there everywhere why do you just confine likewise that's a nirguna only three are the nirguna reformer one is the nanak gurunanak next is the kabeer and third is the thadudayal thadudayal so you should study all the three nanak gurunanak kabeer and thadudayal and saguna what is saguna means god has some form so it means that they accepted idol worship so keep it in mind they rejected the idol worship okay nirguna right they accepted idol worship keep it in mind all accepted god existence of god is not at all questioned but regarding to ritual and idol and image worship based on that only the differences except the three so saguna mean god has form ritual idol image worships are allowed except the three all the bhakti reformers in north India belong to this saguna school it may be ramanda tulsi the chaitanya mirabai or shri shankar deva understood so these things are additional with this you have to study of the religious aspect understood yes so this is a method of studying for hindu next if you come to islam i'll give a brief idea okay of the islam in islam religion wise you should know because it was not born in india it was born in the arabia later it came to india that too in the coastal makha and madina here around 70th century eddy then gradually started to spread westward as well as eastward and by 10th century afghanistan from 10th century onwards from here simultaneously what happened right many arab people from 7th century eddy itself many Arabs started to have trade with that and started to settle so why i'm saying is before islamic idea started to penetrate into the north before that itself it entered into the south that too in the kerala even says that the earliest to mask is located north in artinga that in kerala so how the ideas came understood right so this is what the rise of spread of islam okay that is religious wise now i'm in islam what is a major concept is sufi sum so how bhakti islam is very important likewise sufi sum otherwise sometimes you would not they would not use the word sufi sum rather than they would use the word islamic mystic idea so keep it in mind sometimes they would not use the word sufi sum okay islamic mystic idea even bhakti islam is also hindu mystic idea or islamic mystic ideas so this is what if you know the basic of islam then sufi sum is very easy so listen islam was started in seventh century mean the sufi sum was started not in india keep it in mind right the sufi sum was started that too in arab world around 10th century so three centuries later sufi sum was started in arab world it also started to spread elsewhere likewise it started to came to india around 13th century why 13th century means in toll not six delhi sultanate was established with the patronage of the delhi sultanate ruler so the sufi sum ideas started to come to india so keep it in mind so sufi sum islam outside and gradually the areas came and started to influence and many indian elements especially sufi sum had a great impact had been impact by hindu islam likewise hindu islam also to some extent was affected by sufi sum so these two is very very important because many students are thinking that sufi sum was started in india no absolutely not understood okay how many orders are there in sufi sum is 14 orders 14 orders that is called siltsila even once when i was the student that's the optional history what is siltsila siltsila means order how in hindu islam in north nirgana and saguna likewise here 14 orders are there okay before discussing about this order what are all the basic ideas of sufi sum as i said what are all the basic ideas of bhakti isamana soul matter rama brahmatama jivatama cycle of rebirth how you have to understand how to remember the same way the basic concept okay sufi sum sufi sum means what is the firstly essential mean there should be a teacher teacher and the disciple relationship always keep it in mind each disciple relationship should be there okay who is that teacher is the peer your disciple is murad murad or murid this relationship is important second concept is kanha even this may be expected prelims question expected prelims question by heart is very easy that same not at all in prelims basic idea if you know then you by heart it kanha kanha concept is very important that is called hospice hospice uh kanha you type it so many information she will get it related to kanha okay it's very important and third actually hospice not in in hindu isam it's called ashrama ashrama setup there's a small hut all along near the water body in the greenest pasture where the acharyas dronacharya so many acharyas would used to said and many disciples would come to learn acharyas in the case of hindu isam sir is the peer in the case of teacher the same way okay such ashram concept sir is called kanha that is very important okay sir this is important and the third thing is more or less simplicity actually sufi sum means you have to promote the religion slump simple way likewise bhakti is also same what is bhakti isam now how to promote the hindu isam when simple way reaches to the common man in the same way sufi sum played it in islam understood another principle is this one sulekul sulekul sulekul means peace with all even agbar took the concept of sulekul then only he started the ibadat kana masahar how many things were created okay by agbar based on this and fourth actually these are all the key word of prelims kanha this thing and fourth is vahad vahad vahadat ul vajudd i don't know much aware of this one vahadat ul vajudd mean unity of being noted down of this unity of being these are all the essential features of the concept of sufi sum in between the 12 concept is there and that we you don't want of this so this is very important related to sufi sum so if you missed any of the concept in sufi sum please go through because if you don't know sufi sum you can't study music for example ghazal stale khawal stale of music is there in hindustani don't know of the basic you can't study about it okay so this is important after studying this basic tenets of that then only you have to come to the orders as i said 14 orders are there but among the 14 orders only four orders are very famous that too chronologically noted down one is the chisti next is an askabandhi next is the kadhiri and no suravadhi suravadhi kadhiri and fourth is naskabandhi naskabandhi so in india definitely you should know of the four order in india among that this is very important repeated question from this okay 12 orders this is all very important apart from that another important order is that shathriya shathriya order is there and one important order famous in kashmir is rishi order this is completely influenced by hinduism saivism kashmir saivism had a great impact on this rishi order so these are all the area i think you have you have missed i hope if you studied your track is good you are studying in a correct way you go through it understood so this is what i just explained of this related to the religious part so please go through this because why i explained about the hinduism and islam in this part is buddhism jainism by maximum many would have studied because in ancient buddhism jainism probably much emphasized in the normal classroom itself only one aspect in buddhism jainism you have to engage normally a student would study only the three sect shinayana mahayana and vajrayana but questions are being asked what is a subject within the mahayana what are all the subject and even some other subjects are there for example sera vada buddhism is there okay mahasangigas are there so what is a what do you know of the tera vada form of buddhism normally a student would concentrate on this please you go beyond this level okay don't just to confine and in the case of jainism normally a student would study digambaras and svetambaras but recent 2017 or 18 question is within that svetambaras itself one subject nearly six to seven svetambaras six are there so please go once the beyond of this don't be just to confine to svetambaras and digambaras you go into this level you and so many subgroups subgroups are there okay if you studied this if you know jainism buddhism hindu architecture is nothing very easy damn easy actually architecture painting dance learn nothing you could with with religious idea with with with the literature one or two with that you could answer okay so this is important first religion you study next literature how you have to study is ancient period what are all the religion literature okay medieval period akbar period any religion any literature likewise you study architecture also like this any architecture during pre history period any architecture during indus valley yes not out at all ivc period great literature architecture part okay vedic age wise any architecture no vedic age they gave more importance to literature but no importance to architecture 2018 or 19 history optional question very interesting question is ivc didn't have any literature literary evidence okay keep it ivc didn't have any literary evidence vedic age didn't have any archaeological evidence discuss it means that ivc had as archaeological evidence that is monuments varicage has literary evidence actually question is negative the question is ivc didn't have any literary evidence and the vedic age didn't have any the archaeological evidence because ivc people concentrate on monuments very cage people concentrate on literature if you study like this easy you could prelims or nothing okay this period okay harsha period what kind of work whether bana bana was contemporary of harsha or not if you study literature and during the period of harsha very easy to answer amir kushru lived in for last time they asked a question about tansen me and tansen me and tansen lived in akbar code if you study music under the akbar music what are all the music what are all the art forms what are all the dance developed under the akbar over okay chronologically you study for that chronological purpose go back to my ancient medieval ride the video in that first you study then you put the effort of the religion then you put the literature based on chronological then architecture remaining is very very easy part okay before finishing it only one thing i want to suggest of the book wise regarding the book wise of art and architecture standard book is nct is there all new arrival of this 11th nct 11th nct introduction to fine art it's a very important book introduction red color book is there very important right second thing is 11th rsharma nct is there rsharma as well as sadhis chandra sadhis chandra in that book also while discussing about political here also religious movement and architecture part is there so while you are studying ancient medieval rsharma sadhis chandra here also it is there okay please don't forget it okay these are all political part no even sadhis chandra so many architecture parts are mentioned of this this is very very important thing okay next thing is internet internet is the best for example now i discuss sufism just type of sufism best best thing you will get a basic area and wikipedia you may go through the wikipedia but corroborate the wikipedia with other source also corroborate me to strengthen the wikipedia information you go to another sources source any one of the source for example any historians from jaugral and erugenio or from delhi news three would have published article if such a thing you search it that same thing is mentioned in wikipedia that doesn't because wikipedia can be edited by any person don't just get knowledge from wikipedia because many students are contradicting myself itself i studied from the textbook but they just type it in wikipedia wikipedia mentioned some other source but you said like this but i i found it answer here then i asked the student from where do you find wikipedia then i cross-checked with that uh standard textbook inconsistency exists with that so if you're studying wikipedia don't just confirm that corroborate with the standard book standard source like jainu professor du or so many books are available rizvi is there right just check it if you're checking in internet okay this is what internet is the best for example if you're discussing about the sufism so many sufis are there this the order you just click that this the order then you will go about go to explore it okay and another while discussing about the dance form means you type it kuchupudi first to study theoretical keep it in mind first to study theoretical after studying it then you go to youtube kuchupudi often ever you see that what are all the various stuffs what are all the colors what are all the music instrument they are using okay why i am saying kuchupudi is in kuchupudi played dance they would put it part dance pottery dances there they would dance over the pottery once this view piece you question okay so these kinds of things that are youtube in the case of dance often ever 45 minutes you go through of this you will get that for example symbol is there in manipuri dance they would use a symbol recently that's a question whether they would use the ankle bell or not you have to carefully see the leg for that youtube will be helpful internet will be helpful because it's a live art actually and you can go for virtual tourism also because immediately you can't go to for example if you are studying kajum hall then you have to go to the sasaram where sarsha's dump is there you can't travel from agra to sasaram if you type it in internet within fraction of second you would go to from agra to sasaram virtual tourism you do it virtual entertainment of studying this best source in CRT along sorry internet along with these kinds of sources I hope so because many students in that last video so wanted to make about the modern India but what I wish to means along with ancient medieval once you completed you can come to the art and part modern India even in my classroom itself I have taken so many things and even you it's very easy for to study of you people also what art things you will feel difficult that's why I took instead of taking modern I I took art and culture part that's a culture and heritage part as a second set of video during this situation based on the feedback definitely third part I will put it of the modern India what are all like here likewise what are all the art part okay gray area you have to concentrate because modern India wise definitely you might have heard of this very easy to study of this that's why instead of putting the modern India I wish to publish this culture and heritage part thank you very well we'll see in that next part