 Bone is composed of a unique combination of minerals and proteins which gives it its remarkable strength and flexibility. Collagen-based bone substitutes have been developed as alternatives to traditional metal implants, but their mechanical properties are still inferior to natural bone. This paper reviews the current understanding of the structure and mechanical properties of bone and suggests that mineralized collagen may be a suitable alternative to traditional metal implants. Factors such as loading and collagen mineralization can influence the mechanical properties of these materials, and further research is needed to optimize their performance. This article was authored by Yu Myeong-yo, Tian Ming-du, and Yu Jun-lu.