 Dear students, in this topic we shall discuss the pint gut which consists of large intestine. The large intestine comprises of three parts, the colon, the cecum and the rectum. The large intestine connects with the small intestine through an heliocolic sphincter. This sphincter controls the movement of material entering to the large intestine. This heliocolic sphincter is periodically open and closed from time to time. This means that the large intestine transfers the amount of luminal residue to the small intestine. This is not a continuous process because the small intestine enters the large intestine. Dear students, the junction of small and large intestine forms a T. At this junction on one side of the T is a sac like cecum. On the other side of the sac, there is a longer colon. Cecum is a blind sac which is not open on the other side. Cecum is larger and functional in non-ruminant herbivore mammals. In non-ruminant herbivore mammals, cecum is comparatively bigger and more functional. In these mammals, bacteria and microbes live in cecum which ferment plant material. In non-ruminants, the stomach does not have room for fermentation. In non-ruminants, the fermentation process is in the cecum which makes the cecum bigger. Humans' cecum is quite small in size but it has a finger-like extension which is called appendix which is about 9 cm long. Appendix has no role in digestion or absorption. However, it has some undefined role in immunity because it has many lymph nodes inside it. Dear students, the colon part of the large intestine is the longest part. It is about 1.5 m long in humans. It has four parts which are called as ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmite colon. Large intestine receives undigested part of food along with excess water and inorganic ions. The colon travels along the length of food comparatively very slowly. It takes about 12 to 24 hours to reach the rectum. 2 important functions of colon. First, it absorbs water and ions. Second, it solidifies and converts the indigestible wastes into feces. At the end of colon, rectum starts which is the terminal portion of large intestine. Rectum is a straight and muscular tube. It begins from the end of sigmite colon and ends at the anal canal. Rectum's function is to store the feces until they are eliminated. After rectum, the last part of the digestive tract which is called anal canal which is about 2 to 3 cm long. This part starts from the inferior most end of rectum and ends at the anus. Dear students, there are two sphincters lying between the rectum and anus. First is the inner sphincter and second is the outer sphincter. Inner sphincter is composed of smooth muscles and is involuntary. While the outer sphincter is made up of skeletal muscles and is voluntary. The periodic and strong contractions of colon cause defecation reflex. Defecation reflex opens the anal sphincters. Once these anal sphincters open, it creates an urge to defecate. After which defecation happens and the last function of the elementary canal.