 Konnichiwa and good morning everybody. Welcome to the basic Japanese language class for beginners. We have been having these classes for quite some time now. This is our sixth class today and I hope that all of you are actually practicing at home and doing whatever we have done in the previous lessons. Basic reason for this is when you practice, you practice loudly and by doing so, one you are actually memorizing everything and the most important part that you are doing is actually you are listening to what you are saying and once you listen to what you say, you actually know whether you are pronouncing it correctly, whether your diction is alright, your intonation is alright and also what you are saying is audible to the other person or not. So, please try to do it loudly whenever you are practicing. Well today, before I actually start doing what we have to do today, as we are doing something new every time, before I actually tell you something new today, I want to just go back to the assignments that I had given you in lesson 5 and we will try to just go over those assignments and see whether you have done them properly or not. So, minasan hajimemashou ka? Now, this is something that we have done earlier. Hajimemashou, we have done earlier as you know in one of the previous lessons. Hajimemashou means let us begin or start. Now, I have said something new over here. I have used hajimemashou with ka, particle ka that you have already done earlier. So, what does that mean? Hajimemashou means let us begin or start. I decide, I say okay, let us start. But when I say hajimemashou ka, I am also asking you shall we start now? Shall we begin? So, please hajimemashou means shall we begin. So, shall we begin hajimemashou ka? Ii desu ka minasan? Ii desu ka now means is it alright? I am asking you, is it alright? Ii desu ka? Is it okay with you? Ja ne minasan hajimemashou. So, your first assignment was point at the objects and ask your partner what it is. Now, over here you have a lot of pictures, so many pictures here for you. But the basic thing you had to practice was are which we had done in lesson 5. The words were given in English and you were supposed to give the equivalent in Japanese. So, here are the words for you. I hope you have done it properly. Densha, Toraku, Kyu-kyu-sha, Kamera, Rajikase, Shinkansen. All the meanings are given in the vocabulary section and also you can make out from the pictures what these things are, these objects are. Now, we will go on to the next assignment. Now, this picture has a lot of things in it. If you are a-san over here and your partner is b-san over here and is standing at a distance, practice the structure kore-sore-are-wanandesuka using the objects as shown. The objects are given over here, the names of the objects are listed over here on top. You are supposed to point and then ask kore-wanandesuka, sore-wanandesuka or are-wanandesuka. Now, for a-san as you can see on the left side, this is close to a-san, so it can become kore for him. This on the right side is already a little further from him, far away from him, so this can become sore. Similarly, for b-san, this side is kore for him and this side is sore for him. So, you can easily practice with your partner and ask kore-wanandesuka if you are a-san or kore-wanandesuka if you are b-san. Or you could also ask from here, sore wa, we have a glass over here for you. Then, koppu, boushi, ringo, megane, mikan, mikan is orange, kaban, both these are kaban, but this is not a kaban please. Tokei, sutsukes, stando, stando is this, where you put your coat or your cap, just hang it over there. So, you can practice with your partner and get to know the words as well as you can do Ren-shu practice of kore-sore and are-wanandesuka. Now, the third assignment, you have a lot of pictures over here of people standing. So, you are supposed to be practicing age. There is a small girl over here. Onnanoko, you are supposed to ask the age of this girl. Onnanoko wa nan-sai desu ka? And the answer is given over here, nanasai desu. So, please practice like that. Oku-san, niju-go-sai desu. Kangofu-san, niju-ni-sai desu. Oji-san, roku-ju-go-sai desu. Sensei or Kyoshi, san-ju-ni-sai desu. Oto-san, san-ju-go-sai desu. So, please practice with your partner. Simple conversation can be done. You can ask and the answer can be given by your partner. That way, you remember and memorize the word as well as age. Now, we will go on to the next assignment which was, name the things below and practice at home. So, well, this practice is basically for sore and kore as we had done in lesson 5. You have a lot of pictures here. You already know the names of these things. We have done it a number of times but that is not important. The important part over here is for you to do sore and kore. You can look at the picture. If you are standing close to the picture, you can say korewa nandesuka. If you are standing far away from the picture, you can say sorewa nandesuka and in a similar manner, you can reply as well. We have the names of the pictures for you. The first one is kasa, empitsu, kagi, kaban, isu and fune. Now, one thing I want to point out is that please whenever you are practicing, practice loudly. That is extremely important. So, do not forget that whatever you speak should be heard very clearly by you. Now, we have been doing pronunciation practice in our previous lessons as well. Basically, we need to do it because we need to get familiar with the sounds in Japanese and I am sure you have become quite familiar with the sounds as we have been practicing regularly. So, today also we will do a small practice, a very small practice of hiragana sounds. Please repeat after me. Oii-ie, ho-hi-hi-he, kaki-ku-ke, keki-ku-ko, sashi-su-se, tachi-su-te, bebi-bu-bo, ge-gi-gu-go, popi-pi-pe, papi-pu-po, neni-nu-no, nani-nu-ne and also as this becomes a little monotonous after some time. So, we have a few words also for you. Some new words, these are vegetable names. So, please you could again repeat after me. Tamane-gi, satsuma-imo. Of course, the meanings are all given in the vocabulary section at the end. So, you could please look up the meanings as well later on. Once again, tamane-gi, satsuma-imo, nin-jin, kabocha, okura, remon, jagaimon, tomatou. So, I hope you got the pronunciation right. Now, as we are doing Japanese, I think we should also get familiar with some of the Japanese names. We have Suzuki san in the beginning. The names in Japanese are in hiragana are in blue in the center. We have Kanji characters for each name. So, well, the first one is Suzuki, Tanaka, Matsumoto, Yamada, Nishino, Yamaguchi, Kawakami, Kobayashi. So, these are very popular names in Japan. All Kanji characters have meanings over here. Of course, these meanings, all these characters we will do later in class in our later lessons. But, and they also have meanings. So, we will do the meanings later on. Now, in our last lesson, we had done kore-sore and aree. If you remember, kore is for this, sore is for that and aree is for that over there. Now, let us see, there are these two gentlemen here, A-san and B-san. Both are standing very close by. So, this object here is kore for both of them and B-san is also pointing at something far away, which is far away from both of them. So, again that could be aree, as it is far away from the listener and the speaker, both. So, now you can look at this. This object here is kore for B-san and also kore for A-san. Now, what do they have to say? Let us see, kore wa nandesuka for both of them. And the answer could also be in kore. Anybody can ask and anybody can answer in kore because the object is close to both of them. Kore wa nandesuka, kore wa whatever the object this. Now, we have B-san pointing somewhere. Let us see what it is. It is far away from A and B both aree. Are wa ginko desu. Are wa ginko desu. A-san could easily ask are wa nandesuka and B could say are wa ginko desu or vice versa. This is what we had done last time. This is a small recap of what we had done, a revision of what we had done last time. Now, today we are going to do something new as we have been done doing in previous classes as well. How much is it for ikura desu ka? So, this new word ikura. Ikura is an interrogative word. We will do prices today. It means what is the price of this object. Now, as we are doing price, we need to do our numbers. Numbers we have done till 80 so far. Today we will do from 81 to 90. So, you could again repeat after me please. 81, 82, 83, 84, or 84, 85, 86, 87, or 87, 88, 89, or 89, and 90. I hope you got it right. Please I want you all to practice at home and not just leave in this PPT just like this. You are supposed to practice it also. Please keep that in mind that is the most important part. Now, there is a small radio conversation for you. Please listen to the conversation carefully and let me see how much you have understood and then I will explain each of it to you. So, well, the conversation is between two people, Tanaka san and sales girl. Now, from this you can make out that this is a shop and it is a vegetable store. So, Tanaka san has gone to buy some vegetables at this store and he is going to ask price of all these different vegetables and fruits. I will read it out first to you and then explain everything. Sumimasen, Ringo wa ikura desu ka? Gohyaku en desu. Suika mo gohyaku en desu ka? Iie, suika wa nanayaku en desu. Sou desu ka? Sumimasen, Anomikan no hako wa ikura desu ka? Are wa gohyaku, roku juu en desu. Sumimasen, Anomikan no hako wo kudasai. So, now I will explain it to you. Sumimasen, you have already done. Ringo is an apple wa ikura desu ka? Ikura is the new word over here. Ikura means how much? What is the price of Ringo? So, now you will see that the pattern does not change over here. Ringo wa, the subject Ringo wa ikura desu ka? Just place ikura over here after wa and use desu and ka and it means how much is it? 4. Now, in our previous lesson we have done multiples of 100. If you remember 500 was given over there which is gohyaku en. So, this says gohyaku en desu, 500 yen. Suika mo gohyaku en desu ka? Suika is also for gohyaku en. Suika wa nanayaku en desu. Sou desu ka? Now this is new, Sou desu ka means OIC. Sumimasen, Anomikan no hako wa ikura desu ka? Anomikan means that Mikan no hako over there. That Mikan basket, that Mikan box over there wa ikura desu ka? Are wa gohyaku roku juu en desu. That is for 560 yen. Anomikan no hako oku dasai. Please give that Mikan box to me. Please give that Mikan box to me. So, this was the conversation. Now again you can see this is in your script. Simple kanji characters are given. N is there. That is the Japanese currency N and it means a circle also. These numbers are there. We practiced multiples of 100 earlier. Now you can use them for asking price. And of course, this is your translation. And please again I would like to tell you that translations may not be exact word to word all the time. It is generally what you would say in English. Now the word ikura which came in the conversation in the beginning is an interrogative word and is similar in meaning to how much in English. It means how much. It is a question word and is most of the time used to ask price of objects. For example, kore wa ikura desu ka? Particle wa generally has the topic over here. We have done this pattern earlier also in the beginning in all the other previous chapters. So, after topic wa will always come. Now this is an interrogative word, a question word ikura. Now you will notice the pattern as I told you earlier does not change at all. It remains the same. Topic could be anything. Over here we are doing kore and sore. Kore wa ikura desu ka? Kore is actually pointing at something and saying what is this? A san is over here, what is this? Or something over here sore wa ikura desu ka? So, ikura is how much? Also you can instead of kore you can also put a noun over here. Noun hon wa ikura desu ka? Tokei wa ikura desu ka? Megane wa ikura desu ka? So, you could replace kore sore with Megane toke hon, actually name the object and then ask the price. Now, yen or en in roman, en in roman, English or en in Japanese, en is the Japanese currency and it is written with a y and two bars here. Actually like this, like this. This is yen and it is written after the price. So, hyaku en or hyaku en. That is how it is written in Japanese. As is given over here, yen is the Japanese currency and is denoted by the English alphabet y with two horizontal bars on the stem and is pronounced as en in the language. It also means circle. En also means circle and it also means the means circular. So, gohyaku en, nanahyaku en or nanaju en, ringo wa hyaku en desu or ringo wa hyaku en desu ka? Now, this is an expression. So, desu ka? As you can see over here, this is an expression used when the speaker receives new information and is surprised and is showing that he or she understands it. It is quite similar to I see. Is that so? Really in English. So desu ka? Kore wa hyaku en desu. Ah, so desu ka? Pen wa gohyaku en desu. So desu ka? And intonation is always rising so desu ka? So, the intonation is of surprise. Intonation is your intonation is a little rising intonation. As you can see over here in this small kaiba, kore wa anata no desu ka? Iie watashi no de wa arimasen. Ah, so desu ka? Oh, I see. Is that so? Now over here, it is more flat. I have understood. Now, this word ano was there in our conversation. So, this is again from the series of ko, so, ah and do. Just we need to add no over here and it becomes kono, sono, ano and dono. Now, when you are saying kono, what you are actually doing is you are naming the object. You are pointing at the object and also naming the object. For example, hon, kaban, toke. So, you point at the object and you say, sono hon, that book, kono, kono, kaban, kono, kaban. This kaban over here, sono kaban over there. This is far away from the speaker, far away from the speaker, far away from the speaker and this is close to the speaker. So, similar to kore, sore and similar to kore, sore, are. We use kono, sono and ano. Kore, sore are of course, demonstrative pronouns. These are demonstrative adjectives. There is a big difference over here. These are only to be used for things, inanimate objects and kono, sono, ano can be used for inanimate and animate both because you are actually naming the person or the object. So, now what do you do is kono, toke, wa. So, please remember with kore, sore and are, wa will come immediately after that. Kore, sore, are, wa. But over here, kono, sono, ano, toke, the noun plus wa is going to come. Please remember that this is very very important. You always name the object or person with kono, sono and kono, sono, ano plus noun plus wa with kore, sore, are plus. That is the difference. So, please remember they are used in exactly the same manner. You point at a thing and then you say kono, sono and ano depending on where you are with respect to the object or person. Now, there was another interesting thing in the end of the conversation, which was something or kudai, kudai, kudai. Something or kudasai, something would generally be a noun. Okudasai together means please give that to me, please give it to me or I am going to buy it. As Tanaka san was in a vegetable store, then naturally he was wanting to buy vegetables or fruits. So, then he says please give me the fruits. I am going to buy the fruits or please give it to me. So, because he was in a shop, then it was please I am going to buy it. So, when you want to buy something, you say that, name that thing and say that o kudasai, something o kudasai, noun o kudasai. Please name the noun and then o kudasai. Now, kudasai over here, kudasai itself it is used to request for something. Later on, we will be of course doing this in detail when we do the verbs. But for the time being, just remember it as o kudasai together with o. Please give, please give this to me. The to me part is understood from conversation from context. Now, you have in this a lot of pictures over here for you, these four things kutsushita, tokei, kasa and pen. What you need to practice with your friends is, kono hon wa ikura desu ka? So, the answer would be, sore wa ni-haku-en desu or sono hon wa ni-haku-en desu. So, please point at the object, kono hon wa ikura desu. Kono hon wa ikura desu ka? This could be answered as sono hon wa 1, it could also be sore wa 2. So you could easily, you can see now, you can easily replace kono hon wa with, sono hon wa with sore wa in your answer. Kono hon wa ikura desu ka? For example, kono pen wa ikura desu ka? You could always say, sore wa haku-en desu, whatever the price may be, sore wa haku-en desu or sono pen wa haku-en desu. So, now you have the pictures over here kutsushita and the price given, you could ask and answer with your friend and practice. Now, in the second part in this practice sheet, we have, kono hon wa ni-haku-en desu ka? Sono hon wa ni-haku-en desu, hai-sou desu or hai-sou wa ni-haku-en desu or iie, sou de wa arimasen. So, now we have done this one over here, kono hon wa ikura desu ka? You can replace this like this and also instead of ikura over here, you can put price ni-haku-en desu, san-baku-en desu, go-haku-en desu, sen-en desu. Isn't it? And you can ask, kono hon wa ni-haku-en desu ka? So, the answer could be hai, sono hon wa ni-haku-en desu, hai-sou desu. Short answer, you have done hai-sou desu, hai-sou wa ni-haku-en desu or if you want to say no it is not so, then iie, sore wa ni-haku-en dewa arimasen or iie, sono hon wa ni-haku-en dewa. So, you could answer in yes and you could also answer in no. You could answer in kono, you could answer also in kore or sore. So, you have so many options. You could practice with your partner please in a similar manner. All the words are given here. Tokei, shatsu is shirt, skato is skirt, shousetsu is novel and kutsu. You already know is shoes. So, you could practice like this with your partner, but please, please practice loudly. Now, there is a small radio conversation for you. Please listen to the conversation carefully and let me see how much you have understood and then I will explain each of it to you. So, this is a simple conversation between two people, Tanaka-san and the salesgirl. Now, this time Tanaka-san is not at a vegetable store. He is in a department store and he wants to buy socks. So, we will see what the conversation is. Sumimasen, ano kutsu shita wa nai ron desu ka? Dono kutsu shita desu ka? Ano kutsu shita desu. Are wa momen desu. Ano momen no kutsu shita wa ikura desu ka? Nihaku yonjuu en desu. Nihaku yonjuu en no kutsu shita okudasai arigatou gozaimasu. So, this is a simple conversation between two people, Tanaka-san and the salesgirl. As I told you, the only new thing over here is dono, which we did not do for the kore-sore-are series also. I did not do do-re at that time and today also we just did kono-sono and ano-not-dono. So, now I am going to tell you what dono and do-re are. This conversation I am sure is understood. Sumimasen, ano kutsu shita wa nai ron desu ka? Nai ron is nylon. Dono kutsu shita desu ka? Which kutsu shita are you talking about? Dono and do-re both mean which one of the two or three things you are talking about. You can have three things in your hands, in your hand or two things in your hand and you could say, dono chouk desu ka? Kono chouk desu ka? Kono chouk desu ka? So, which of the two or three chouks you are talking about? Dono chouk desu ka? Do-re desu ka? So, that is what dono and do-re mean. Ano kutsu shita desu are wa momen desu. So, you can see very easily, you can change ano into are. Ano momen no kutsu shita desu ka? Nihaku yonjuu en desu, which you know. Nihaku yonjuu en no kutsu shita okudasai, arigatou gozaimasu. That is the last thing you have to say. Thank you for buying this at our shop. Now, this is your script. You can see katakana, hiragana and kanji over here. This is simple kanji, nihaku yonjuu en. So, nihaku yonjuu en, 240 en. You have done the hiaku counter multiples of 100. You have done these kanji characters as well. So, please try to write and practice. You know the stroke order already. So, please try to do that at home. Then, this is your translation in English, which you can go over. Now, you have dono and do-re over here. You can please go through it. Read it carefully and I am sure you will understand. And also, as we go ahead with our lesson, I am sure you will be able to understand do-re and dono easily. Kore wa hon desu. Kono hon wa anata no desu ka? Does this book belong to you? Well, now, just in your previous slide, we were asking price of objects, where you had multiples of 100 and we have done it earlier as well. Now, let us try to practice what we have done. Well, you can see hiaku over here and hiaku is 100 and the character for hiaku is also given, nihaku. Simple, nih plus 100 makes it nihaku. And then we have some biaku and you will notice the reading for hiaku, which is 100, changes to biaku. So, so far we have two readings for 100. One is hiaku and one is biaku. Now, let us see what is there. Well, we have yo hiaku for 400, go hiaku for 500 and then again you will notice that the reading has changed to piaku, hiaku, biaku and piaku. So, now, you will notice that we have three readings for 100. You have to keep in mind where to use hiaku, where to use biaku and where to use piaku. Now, nana hiaku, 700 is nana hiaku. We are back to hiaku again and with 800 we have piaku with us and the reading is hap biaku. 900 is hiu hiaku and then in the end we have sen or 1000 or issen 1000. Sen means 1000 and issen means 1000. Of course, both can be used for 1000. So well, now you must remember for sam biaku, for rope biaku and for hap biaku. The reading changes to biaku and piaku respectively. Instead of biaku, we have these other readings, which we have to remember. Try to practice loudly and it will be easy. Now, a very small conversation for practice again. Well, this is a small conversation between Rao san and salesman again as he is again at a shop. Now, this time it is a stationary shop. So, the conversation is sumimasen kono empitsu wa ikura desu ka? 200 yen desu. Sono empitsu mo 200 yen desu ka? Iie, kono empitsu wa 470 yen desu. Sumimasen sono empitsu o kudasai. So, well, he wants to buy pencils and he is asking whether this one is for 200 and that one is for 200 or not and the shopkeeper says no, it is not for 200, it is for 170 yen. What you need to notice over here, which is more important, is the difference between wa and mo. Kono empitsu wa 200 yen desu ka? Hai, hai, sou desu. Kono empitsu mo 200 yen desu ka? Iie, sono empitsu wa 200 yen arimasen. So, now over here, wa is there. Kono empitsu wa 200 yen desu ka? He says hai, sou desu. Over here, he uses mo instead of wa. Now, you can do this, you can replace wa with mo if you are talking about the same thing about empitsu, but you cannot do vice versa, you cannot replace mo with wa. Please remember that. Kono empitsu wa 200 yen desu ka? Kono empitsu mo 200 yen desu ka? Is this also 200 yen? And then, and then again, Iie, sono empitsu wa. Now, that empitsu becomes the subject and sono empitsu wa 200 yen desu wa arimasen. Now, we have A san and B san over here, kore wa ikura desu ka? Kono pen wa 200 yen desu. So, what you can do now is, you can replace kore with kono, ano, sono and also you can replace it with names of things, budou which is grapes, ringo which is apple, mikan no basketto, momo no hako, momo is peach and hako is box, tokei is watch. So, well, you can also replace all of these words. Now, with these words given over here, if you are using the name of the objects, then before that kono will come. If you are just pointing at things, then only kore will suffice. Now, we have been doing a lot of kanji characters. In class, we have done from 1 till 10 and a couple of more kanji and I think you are getting familiar with kanji now. Kanji is a very interesting actually. Once you understand them, once you know how to write kanji characters, once you start thinking in kanji, it becomes very interesting. So, we have some more kanji characters for you which we have done in this lesson. Some similar looking kanji characters and one of them is N. N is written like this, 1, 2, 3 and 4. So, little small, I am sorry, once again 1, 2, 3 and 4. That is how N will be written. N means round, N means round, N also means a circle or circular. The stroke order, once again for you please 1, 2, 3 and 4. N, this is N. So, every time you write or ask price, then it is Hyaku N in Japanese and Hyaku N in English. That is how you will write. Now, another similar looking character to N, this is Nichi and write it here. Nichi, Nichi, Nichi, Nichi, Nichi, Nichi, Nichi, you have done Nihon. Nihon means Japan. We have done this in one of the previous lessons and also we are doing this language Nihongo, Nihon and go. I am not making the kanji over here for go. It is a little difficult for you. So, you will be a little too boggled. We will not do go at the moment, we will do go later Nihon. So, this character Nichi over here Nichi. So, how do you think this character has come into being? What does it mean? What does it signify? Like I just told you N is for circle and is being used for money now as a currency because money in olden days was either round or elongated. What is this character signify? Well, this is related with day somehow. How? Because sun decides divides the day into two. It divides the day into day and night. Thus, as you cannot make this in, make kanji characters like this, you have to have it in lines. So, you have to have this in straight vertical horizontal lines. So, this has been changed into this and this division for day and night. So, anytime you see this character written anywhere, it means it is either related to day, to sun, to light, to any of these or date or time. It is related to that. So, please this new character for you, it is 4 strokes 1, 2, 3 and 4. So, anywhere you see this written, it signifies light, day, date and of course, sun because all of it is finally related to the sun. And of course, we have done this nihongo, nihon, which is Japan. Now, another similar character to nichi over here, the second one, nichi over here, this one similar to this. We have done ichi, you remember, ichi a single line which means one, just by adding this to this, it becomes hyaku. Now, this is not the way to actually learn characters, learn kanji characters, but for you, for the time being, it is easy because you have done this character now, you know what it means. It has nothing to do with nichi or day over here at all. This is a new character completely, but how it has been made is what I am trying to tell you. It is easy to memorize like this, nichi, this and this. Of course, the stroke order is not like this, stroke order is like this. This is the proper stroke order. So, please remember this stroke order for hyaku. Hyaku means 100 over here. This part was just for you to learn. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. This is hyaku. Once again, hyaku. So, these are the 3 characters that we are going to do today. Some words with kanji characters for you, some new words. You have already done these words. I am just putting kanji for you. All the kanji also you have done. So, now, you will see juu-en-ni-hon. I just told you ni-hon, nichi you have done. Just now, ichi-nichi, another new word for you, ichi-nichi means one single day, juu-ni-nichi, the twelfth. We will be doing these characters later on also. Now, hyaku-nin is 100 people, kyu-hyaku is 900 and hyak-sai is 100 years old. So, please, these are just words for you to remember with these characters that we have done today. Simple vocabulary, the vocabulary that we have done in this lesson. I will just read it out. Please get the pronunciation. Budou, Ringo, Mikan, Meron, Suika, Remon, Pineapple, Ninjin, Tamane-gi, Jagaimon, Okura, Satsuma-imo and now comes your part. You have to do all of this at home. This is exercise for you now. Tell the price of objects. So, the objects are listed over here without the name and the price is given. So, I want you to practice with your partner by asking what is the price of this object and loudly please. Now, same exercise, you know the name of the objects over here. You can see it in the picture. We have done it a number of times. Some of them may be new. You could look up the dictionary also, but the important part is that all of it, all the price over here is given in kanji. So, you have to practice kanji as well. You have to tell the price, read this and tell the price of the object. So, this is the exercise over here, assignment 2. Now, there is a small picture here again and someone is pointing. So, some things are close to this person and some things are far away. So, all you have to do now is to name the objects and to tell how much it is for with your partner and please loudly. So, in the end, I would like to say, please finish all this very nicely so that we can do our next lesson. Next time with this, I would like to end our class today. So, everyone, arigatou kore de owarimasu. Let us meet again next time. Thank you very much.