 Damage associated molecular patterns, damps, molecules released by damaged cells or the ECM which can trigger an immune response when detected by toll-like receptors, TLRs. This process is important for tissue repair but can also lead to chronic inflammation if the body fails to recognize the damps as harmless. Targeting specific damps could be used to treat diseases such as eye, cancer, and atherosclerosis. This article was authored by A. M. Pixonini and K. S. Midwood.