 more people to rise, but it's happening in the urban area right now. And the question becomes as the African country economy grows faster, whether that this trend is going to be the weakness in the rural areas. That needs to be said. Then you have the rest of the world to take Asia and Africa out. We have the Middle East, Europe, US and South America. You can see per capita consumption is very small amount. It's still around 18, 19 kilograms per person, but you will see steady increase in the per capita consumption due to various reasons. It can be immigration of Asian population into the US or various other things. It's happening and per capita consumption continues to rise in the rest of the world if you take Asia and Africa out of the equation. So if you put everything together, all these variations are happening in different parts of the world. If you put everything together and if you follow some economic growth, you assume how this country is going to grow economically in the future. This is what we have come up with by 2035 we will be needing additional 116 million tons of milk rice. So right now we are consuming around 445 million tons. So we need an additional 116 million tons of rice by 2035. But if you look very closely, half of those needs will be by 2020. So by 2020, we will be needing around 56 million tons. By 2020 to 2035, we will be needing only 60 million tons additional rice. What it means is we are expecting a significant slowdown in the consumption growth after 2020. Hopefully if you are assumption regarding the economic growth, it remains the board's good. So if somebody says we are consuming right now and give an endpoint, that might give a very long signal to the policymaker saying that we are slowing down the consumption growth. We need to look at yearly basis because we need to produce quite a bit of rice by 2020. We may not need as much beyond 2020 or 2030, but at least in the medium term, the quite a bit of rice will be needed to feed the world population there. And you can see the, still SCR remains the focal point, the kind of a center of rice for the government time to come. Although the 116 million tons, 67% is coming from the Asia, Africa is becoming very big. They consume right now 40 million tons. We are expecting them to more than double their consumption by 2035. Then the other thing is the Americas and the rest of the world there. So now I give you the one central story. We need 116 million tons. We need to produce at least now 60 million tons by 2020. We are expecting a slowdown in the consumption growth in beyond 2020. Okay, where this is going to come from? Where this production is going to come from? This is what I will look at historically. To looking at the production and how much we have got from the yield, how much we have got from the area. You can see over time yield has contributed to 60 to 70% of the production growth. And the remaining 30% has come from the area. Because between 1960 and 2010, we have added around 40 million tons of hectare. May not be physical land, may be higher crop intensification. But that is the amount of rice area that has increased in the last 40 years. The question remains, what will happen to this area expansion? The one we have seen in the last 40 years, will it continue? Or we have seen the end of the physical expansion of rice area. Because this morning, we listened from a lot of these panel members, who were expecting rice area to decline due to various reasons. Urbanizations, other non-agricultural uses. If that is the case, if that is the case, the physical rice area will decline. The crop intensification is not upset, so you assume there will be no additional area in rice in the future. So we are stuck at 160 million hectares. If that is the case, almost all the consumption growth has to come from the yield growth. That's what the critical thing is. We have been able to feed the world both due to the yield and the area expansion. Area means both physical and the crop intensification. If we are now going to see that area factor in the future, that means all the consumption growth has to come from the yield growth. What it means is, this is just to show that there is not much area available in the world. This is a real world fiction. You can see most of the available land in use. It's just in South Asia, near East and near Africa, in East Asia. We have land available in Latin America, in South Africa. Maybe the climate change will make this industrial land a suitable for rice production. We may be going rice in Northern Europe 50 years down the road, but that's something we don't know. But if you look at just people talking about land available in Latin America and South Africa, I just want to show one graph there, what's happening on the Zil. This is where most of the expansion is happening. This is where most of the rice is concentrated. When the expansion is happening, everybody thought rice would expand in the central west of the Zil. But if you look at the rice, what has happened, it has actually declined. Rice has not acted as an appropriate cover curve in this newly versed land which has come into production. But if you look at Africa, it's exactly the opposite where I look at it. In a lot of talks on Africa, I look at it this way. Their imports increase very steep, increase in imports. I look at it as flattening out of the imports in the last probably 8 to 10 years. So their import is going to stop between 8 to 10 million tons. Primarily because their production growth has picked up. So the production growth you see in the last 7 to 8 years, that has matched the consumption growth more or less. The reason because if you go back to my price chart, the rice prices have been rising in the last 8 to 9 years, long before even the prices. And the question is whether the African farmers are actually responding to this global rice price increase and producing more. Maybe ACM was responsible for what was happening in Africa for a long time. The subsidies in ACM might have decreased the war prices. Okay, I declare the war price. Maybe we are seeing the reversal of that role in the future there. I just want the two slides there. So bottom line is that if we want to feed the world, we need to, the consumption growth has to be matched, the yield growth there. Just to say that this is wild in terms of the range, in terms of the yields both in Asia and Africa. This is a lot of scope in terms of filling that gap. I am not sure if it is possible what percentage accounts for the economic, what percentage accounts for all the things. But there is a gap there, yield gap which can be closed and with the production we can increase both in Asia and Africa. This is just to show the last slide with my conclusions showing that the just the intact rice research. This is one of the things we did using the global rice model which Eric was involved in developing that at Erie. If we assume Erie is going to contribute 15 kilogram to yield every year, which is a very conservative estimate between 2011 and 2035. So right now we are adding 15 kg to the global rice yield. So we are assuming every country will have 15 kg increase in rice yield because of Erie's rice research. If you do that by 2035 Erie's contribution will be around in terms of yield in 2025. Just look at the impact of that yield increase on the retail price decline in this country. These are the selected countries and by doing that we will be lifting 125 million people out of the poverty and we will be taking out 5 million hectares out of the rice into natural habitat or other more productive use. So what I want to say that any kind of yield impact, any kind of yield increase has impact just beyond the poverty also.