 Welcome to the ITU studio in Geneva, where I'm very pleased to be joined by Russ Shields, the Chairman of the Collaboration on Intelligent Transport System Communication Standards. Russ, thanks for joining us. Thank you. It's very nice to be here in Geneva again. Russ, you have a wealth of experience in intelligent transport. Where do we stand today? We're slowly moving towards automated driving. The first cars with automated driving been released in Japan last year at Honda high-end cars in the Tokyo area only in expressways and only up until about 50 kilometers an hour. Mercedes in its high-end S-class has started in Europe. Germany is already out. It will go up to 60 kilometers an hour and we can have in U.S. it's going to be there relatively soon on Mercedes. So these things are coming. That's where our state of the art is. It's limited. Another 10 years is going to be wholly different. We will actually be able to probably have automated driving. It's not there now on these things. That's what we big talk about. Safety has gotten better, but it's not perfect. And this is an area where ITU has been very important in working on the safety things. As these steps have come and vehicle manufacturers and vehicle suppliers, a number of them have become ITU sector members. So it's been a big step. Firstly, in the areas where you're interested, what are the key priorities for industry and government? Well, the key parts are built around putting together the regulations. We have an organization called the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations, which is working hard on the automated driving regulations. We have also the Global Forum for Road Safety, which is working on upgrading the driving regulations to be able to support the automated driving. And it's those kind of things that are key and in that is the evolving of communications. And we would hope if we go and look 10 years from now, for example, we will be able to have, say, bicycles be able to send message to the automated car. I'm here, be careful. Please don't hit me type things. And those things will start to happen, but it's that evolution step by step. And ITU's role over the years and ITU's role today is in partnership with UNECE, I understand. But what is ITU's particular value add in this arena? Well, ITU, of course, traditionally has been telecommunications, but a number of years ago, ITU's remit added all ICT. And ITU is the UN Agency for ICT. And as that cooperatively supports the World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations providing the ICT impacts into that. And now we've started work on actually looking at what these communications pieces will be between vehicles. And that is a UNECE World Forum activity with Secretariat being provided by me on behalf of ITU. As we're just literally starting that exploration that will lead to points, again, step by step, of making roads safer for people by being able to have the automated driving pieces in parallel. We've been working on, of course, there's artificial intelligence in this. And ITU has been providing a lot of leadership in artificial intelligence. It's done a focus group on automated artificial intelligence for automated driving. And we're learning how to do this. And I want to be very clear. We're not putting artificial intelligence live in vehicles. We're not going to have vehicles think they can learn or what have you. What we're doing is we're using artificial intelligence to be able to create the algorithms. Those are being done in the labs, very, very, very high-power computers, looking at millions and millions of different events. Writing the software that will go in vehicles to actually do the automated driving. Once we've written the software using the artificial intelligence, then we take that, frozen, and put it in the vehicles. And then we do the human tests and human trials to make sure that it works right. So you don't have to worry about the vehicle is going to be thinking and deciding what to do. What we're using in the important part is for us to do the artificial, the automated driving, where we have to handle literally millions and millions of different unique conditions. We can use artificial intelligence, deep learning, as we call it, to be able to create the algorithms that then the engineers, and we still have thousands and thousands of automotive engineers working on this, to test them and validate and what have you. And ITU has been a great contributor and is, in fact, hosting meetings soon next month on the validation methods for automated testing and the functional requirements for automated vehicles. Those meetings will be held here with ITU being the host, as we're working through how to put all these pieces together. Brilliant. Thank you very much, Russ. Okay, thank you very much. Cheers, I really appreciate it.