 Good morning, everybody. So I would like just to share some information about understanding climate growth relationship for parkland species for their sustainable regeneration in this site. Next. So this is an outline of my presentation. It will be focused on the four main points. Next. So as you know, we are talking about ecosystem-based adaptation. So there is a need. We need to know the species which highly contribute to improve the livelihood of rural population. So that we notice that most of the species in West Africa, the relationship with climate change is still unknown. That's why there's a need to understand the growth relationship with climate and these species in order for better management of these species. And to you to study this relationship, we use the science that you call a trilling analysis or dendrochronology. We provide more info with this relationship between tree growth and climate. And the issue is that until now there's still lack of intensive trilling analysis in the tropics. So that's why there's a need. We need to better explore these science in order to understand more the relationship between the tree and climate which are highly contribute to improve our livelihood. Next. So for that, in terms of material and method, we collected the sample in different area in Mali and in the Burkina Faso. And the species we collected is Vitelera paradoxa, Danila oliveri, Lania microcarpa in Burkina also in Mali. So the sum in the end is the sample size of these three species collected in the field. The importance of these we collected is a number of three species to these three species are fine over agroforestry parkland which support the farmer. Next. So about the material and method, when we collect all these sample in different area in Mali and Burkina Faso, we break it in the lab of dendrochronology at the graph in Nairobi. And then we proceed to, we apply the standard dendrochronological method to analyze in the ring. You can notice that these are some tool in the lab. We are processing with the analysis. Next. So in the lab which we for the dendrochronological process we generate the first step we use if we collect the sample, we collect the sub-sample to see if the sample will bring in the lab have the ring or not. And these, you can notice that the first cigar, the arrow show indicate the growing boundary. We need to know first to proceed. First to understand if the sample we have have formed the ring or not. That is the most important first step we need to know before to proceed with the other step. Next. So we also get from the lab, we generate also the annual grow of each sample we collected from the field. And then here we notice that when we got try to compare the different, the annual grow of the different species. We notice that for the parkland in Yanfuella in Mali the annual grow is better than the other one that may be explained by the input over the park, may be explained by the management of the farmland because sometimes farmer use some input we can have a positive effect on the tree grow. Yeah, next. And after we have the chronology that we develop for each species. Here you have the data in the yellow color, you can notice that the mean sensitivity and the standard deviation. These effort about how is the provide information about annual entire variability of the tree grow. Whenever this value for the mean sensitivity and the standard deviation, whenever this value is less than 0.2, it means that the tree are more sensitive to environmental change. And this is our case, we notice that all these species are more variable. And then we have auto correlation. The auto correlation is the influence of the preview growers on the current years. It means that if this value is less than 0.5, it means that the tree have the tree, the current year is the tree, the preview years are an impact on the current year. And also we have EPS. EPS is express population signal when it is with a threshold of 0.85. We use the express population signal to evaluate our chronology. Whenever and the value of our chronology generally should be more than 0.85. So based on the funding we have here, most of all the EPS value of our different species is higher than 0.85, which implies that our chronology is acceptable in the framework of dendrochronology. We have also the T-value and the mean GLK. The GLK is a coefficient of parallel variation between trading theory. And this value should be at least a 65. When we consider all our GLK for different species, we notice that this value is, our value is higher than the strontar hole, which means that our species of all our samples here was well-crossed dating. This is the answer of the three. Next. And so we check the climate-grow relationship between the three species, the precipitation and the annual rainfall and the standard chronology. And then we notice that you can notice that the correlation value is 0.4. The first figure is 0.5, which is significant for Vitellara paradoxa. This is standard for Puchala and Yangfolila. Next. But here is a residual chronology we use with seasonal measure precipitation. The seasonal measure precipitation for our case is from the rainfall from June to September. This is a major seasonal precipitation. And we correlate this with the three grow using the residual chronology. We have standard chronology and residual chronology. But the residual chronology is a kind of chronology we proceed using autoregressive modeling to remove autocorrelation. But when you consider the standard chronology, you have effect of autocorrelation. But if you use the residual chronology, it means that there's no effect of residual autocorrelation because we use autoregressive modeling to remove the effect of autocorrelation. Here, we are still with the species of Vitellara paradoxa. Also, we found a good relationship between the three grow and the climate, which relationship is significant. Next. Next. Here we have also the correlation analysis between chronology of Lania microcarpa and seasonal precipitation in Malia and Burkina as you know, Lania also is one of the Q3 species of agrofracid, which provide some fruit to support the farmer. So even for this species, we've got also a significant relationship in Malia also in Burkina with the residual chronology. That means the rainfall is one of the main factors which impact the three grow in the soil. Next. We have also one of the species that we call Daniela oliverii. We make the correlations between the standard chronology index and the precipitation. And we found also the significant relationship between three grow and the standard chronology. Next. And it was the same for the residual chronology that we found and it means that all these three are more sensitive to the climate variability. Next. So in terms of conclusion and perspective, we can confirm that the formation of annual growing, this species, all these species show that there is four annual growing and there can be a successful for application for the local local. It means that this species, the way we get a correlation between three grow and standard chronology, we confirm that this species can be successful for the chronological application in the soil region of West Africa. And there is a need also to extend this species to this study to other species in the soil region in order to know how is the relationship between this species and the climate in order to, because you are in the framework for land restoration, we need to know which species is better or not before to promote this kind of activity. And also there's a need also to make a comparative study according to climatic gradient in order to show how the species will respond in different climatic gradient. This is a few lines I want to share with you. Next. Thank you for your attention.