 Okay, everybody, Dr. O here. This video, we're going to talk about the history of the HIV virus and how it became a human disease and then how it spread around the globe. We'll cover how the virus works and drugs to combat it in other videos. But so let's go back to the 80s, 1981. I was alive. Many of you were not. So in the US, we were seeing populations of people that happened to be young homosexual males. That were getting diseases that only people that were severely immunocompromised would be getting. So pneumocystis, carinidinomonia, Kaposi, sarcoma, salomegalovirus infections, like you were seeing these seemingly healthy young men with just completely eradicated immune systems and they didn't know what to think of it. So they started to gather data and they realized that it was in these populations of young homosexual males. And the reason I bring this up is because the stigma that came with it, obviously the majority of people that have HIV infection are heterosexual, but at this time, this is where it showed up first. So much so that for a while it was called gay related immunodeficiency syndrome. So obviously this is where some of this terrible stigma comes from. And then also we'll talk later about the stigma, the idea of people having sex with animals being where the disease came from and that not being true. But so you can make an argument of why it showed up in this population first. I mean anal receptive sex is the easiest way to transmit the disease, but certainly not the only way. All right, so 1981 you're seeing these seemingly unhealthy men just with eradicated immune systems. And then by 1983 that have already discovered the virus. So we now know the disease has been around a long time, but once they went to work trying to figure out what was going on, 1983 they were able to discover that the virus that was destroying the immune systems by destroying helper T cells is the HIV, human immunodeficiency virus. So let's go ahead. So here you see the little green dots or HIV actually. But so we now we now know we quickly learned that this the ancestor of this virus, SIV, Simeon, immunodeficiency virus have been around for a long time. So and then sometime in the early 1900s around 1908, it started to jump into the human population, which makes it a zoonosis or some would say a zoonosis in animal disease that can infect humans. So for who knows how long SIV was a problem in Simeons and in chimps, but it jumped into the human population in the early 1900s. So how it appears from eating bushmeat. So again, it wasn't humans having sex with animals, even though it's, you know, looked at as a sex, you transmit disease. Now it was the consumption of bushmeat. So eating these animals is how the virus got into the human population. At least that's the best guess. So we know it's been around for a long time, well over a hundred years now, they went back and they found frozen blood samples of children in the fifties and sixties that had it. Like I said, we know it's been around a lot longer than the 1980s, but that's when that's when we saw it. So then how as far as how it's spread. So it would have been in small populations. So imagine this is a really good example of a teaching moment for how diseases spread because HIV has been impacted by changes in sexual promiscuity, you know, maybe you look at this culture, societal or cultural changes, but also the urbanization and the globalization of disease. So if some people had this disease, but they lived in small, you know, small tribal villages and they only had one or maybe two sexual partners in their lives, this disease would have just kind of smoldered and been a relatively minor thing. But so promiscuity certainly played a big role. The more sexual partners someone has, the more time they're rolling the dice to get any sexually transmitted infection. So promiscuity certainly played a role. Then you have urbanization. So now you take this one person that lived in this small village where they would have only had a handful of sexual partners. If that they now move to a large city, you know, with several hundred thousand or more people in it. And let's say that person becomes a prostitute. So now you're looking at one infected person spreading it to more people in a day potentially than they would have in their entire life. So that's the urbanization of disease. When people live crowded together, sexually transmitted infections at respiratory diseases, these are all going to become more common. And then also then you have the globalization of disease. This was so as for the first person who was known to have died with AIDS was in the Congo in 1959. So it was it's definitely been a problem on the continent of Africa for a long time, but it wasn't until 1976 that a Norwegian sailor actually carried this disease to the Western world. So then by the 80s, we started to see it in the United States. So as you can see, it spread around the globe because of the globalization of disease. It used to be people, people lived, you know, were born and lived and died in the same place and didn't travel very much. But now disease, you know, people and goods can carry diseases all around the globe. The world is a much smaller place. I have classrooms that have people that come from several continents and a dozen countries. I could wake up today and, you know, here in South Dakota and be in being Australia tonight or in a day, at least 24 hours. So so just think about how small the world has become. It's been so much easier to move diseases around. All right. So that's that's just a real quick primer on where the disease came from, how it jumped into humans and then how it spread around the globe. So we'll do a whole series of videos on HIV. So if you're interested, find the playlist that it's in. And I hope these help. Have a wonderful day. Be blessed.