 Hi, welcome to Nursing School Explained and this video on irritable bowel syndrome also often referred to as IBS. Please don't confuse it with IBD which are inflammatory bowel disorders and those are a very different category and watch my other video on those two as well. So for irritable bowel syndrome it really is defined by chronic abdominal disc pain or discomfort and patients many times have either diarrhea or constipation or go from one to the other. There is no real rhyme or reason when they'll be constipated the next day they'll have a lot of diarrhea and there is no known cause for it. However risk factors can be multiple GI infections as well as food intolerances which are many times the causative factor here and we use an abbreviation called FODMAPS here and that stands for fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols. So let's now look into that. So fermentable is pretty self-explanatory, that's anything that's fermented, sauerkraut, kimchi, yellow things that come to mind right away. Oligosaccharides are also referred to as fructans and don't confuse that with fructose. So fructans are sugars that occur in things like wheat and rye as well as onion and garlic. Dysaccharides is lactose so that's the lactose enzyme that comes from consuming dairy products such as milk, cheese, yogurt, those kind of things. Then we have monosaccharides which are simple sugars as fructose that occur in honey, apples and high fructose corn syrup and that's specifically now in a lot of processed food we have a lot of high fructose corn syrup. And then polyols are sorbetol and mannitol which are artificial sweeteners that many times you can find in something like splendor or diet sodas of any kind of of that regard. So a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome, there are not really any diagnostic tests but the diagnosis is mainly based on the patient's symptoms. And there is a thing called the wrong criteria which is abdominal pain and or discomfort with two or more of these which is that the abdominal pain or discomfort improves with defecation or there is a change in stool frequency or onset. The patient might have other symptoms such as nausea or queasiness and then lots of bloating and flatulence can occur and there might be some urgency where the patient gets the trigger to use the restroom and then they really have to hurry to get there. And then the more systemic kind of symptoms that can happen will be fatigue, headache and sleep disturbances and many times patients who have a lot of stress in their life or suffer from anxiety and depression also suffer from irritable bowel syndrome. So it's almost besides the food intolerance this lifestyle can play a big role in your gut health as well and you've probably experienced that yourself at some point when you get really nervous or something stressful happens your stomach doesn't feel good and so there's a lot of relationship between stress and the digestive system. So and then once we have the patient's symptoms established they are typically either diagnosed with IBS with constipation or IBS with diarrhea depending on which one is predominant or they can have mixed irritable bowel syndrome. Treatment is keep a food diary and see if any of these fond maps are causing your symptoms or making them worse. Once you've identified that you can eliminate those from the diet and change your diets and then hopefully the symptoms will decrease or maybe resolve completely that many times happens in patients with lactose intolerance intolerance as iGen personally testified to. And then exercise always helps to decrease bloating and decrease flat lens and then of course you want to avoid gas producing foods that could contribute to this kind of bloating feeling and these abdominal discomfort. There are certain medications that are used in the treatment of anti of irritable bowel syndrome where maybe the dietary changes are not very easy to do and those are antispasmodics that decrease the decreased GI mortality and then there is also a pyramid also known as ammonium which decreases trends in time so most of those are antispasmodics for patients with this kind of like abdominal discomfort and then to decrease the transit time that's usually for patients who have predominantly diarrhea like symptoms. Thanks for watching this video please give me a thumbs up also watch my other video on inflammatory bowel disorders which I mentioned in the beginning are very different from irritable bowel syndrome and can be much more significant in terms of health consequences and signs and symptoms. Thanks for watching see you soon