 Thank you so much for inviting me here Lisa. Thank you for arranging everything. I can't tell you what a joy it is to be here because eight years ago almost to the day I Went to a dinner party here At which I first heard the word badoni. I had never heard that word before Somehow or other I got really interested in in the idea of writing a biography of somebody who lived in Italy I happen to like Italy very much and My host at the dinner party said We really really really need a biography of badoni in English. There are biographies There are in fact three biographies of him in Italian And two of them are 200 years old and one is a hundred years old. So the things are slightly out of date and So with that Incentive, you know the idea that it was needed. I love an underdog a cause and the idea of going to Italy I thought okay. This is this is good. I can I can deal with this, but of course I Had taken one semester of Italian when I was 17 Everything Apart from one short article by Maitland is in Italian or French. I speak French. That's fine. No problem So I started from scratch really I started going to classes, you know three times a week at the local community college and kind of got myself up to scratch and Set off, but it was here that it started and here that And David has oh Honestly, I cannot tell you how delighted I am with the book the production values are so Fantastic, and I feel like crying but I won't okay, so badoni He was born in Saluzzo in Piedmont, which is northwestern Italy in the foothills of the Alps just to the west of Turin He was the oh Look, and I've got a pointer. I can show you so he was born There's Turin so we thought these are the outmarriage team. So we've gone just about there And and when he was nearly 18 Not quite he was 17. He went to Rome which is there and Then he spent his business life the rest of his life in Palmer, which is there slap in the middle of North central Italy This is his hometown. This is Saluzzo, which is in the shadow of this Magnificent mountain, which is called Mon viso and it's on that mountain that three Streams run down and form the Poe River Which then proceeds from the west of Italy all the way across To the east where it it empties Into the Adriatic, but this is this is where he was born so hilly and and perfectly beautiful That's the house in which he was born and there is the plaque which tells you his dates and everything and it is now a cleaning and dry cleaning and Dying establishment the plaque is interesting because it defies Wikipedia It has the correct date of birth, which is February the 26th not February the 16th I've tried to change it, but I failed. I will try again. Okay, so February the 26th 1742 born in this house On the left you see his grandfather and on the right is his father so Look at the style of the one and the right and try to remember it because I'll refer to it again He he grew up learning the trade along with his father He turned out to be really good at cutting woodcuts. So he did he did He did little woodcuts decorations for for books and he sold them in Turin and then In spite of what David said about him. He's not terribly terribly dull. He's only a little dull. He was heavingly ambitious. I mean he At the as I say at the age of 17 He decided that he was going to go to Rome Where he would become the greatest printer who ever lived. I mean it was as simple as that he went with a friend who was Entering the priesthood and the friend wanted to be the greatest the greatest Priest of the greatest servant of God who ever lived so they had something in common This is the school in which Bidoni studied in Saluzzo. It's called the building is now a lovely museum It's called the Casa Cavassa and but it was pretty darn cold. I think they're in the winter I mean there there's not a whole lot of central heating there So as I mentioned when he was nearly 18 he set off with this young friend for Rome and Arriving there in 1758 He had trouble finding work and nearly lost hope But eventually he found his way to the press of the propaganda Fide The propaganda Fide was the missionary arm of the Vatican actually still is the missionary arm of the Vatican printing Bibles and missiles in Exotic languages languages in the Middle East and the Far East For people for the propagation of the faith the Protestants unfortunately were making some headway and they wanted to be able to Propagate the faith faith faith in in many many languages So that is where Bidoni worked. It's a marvelous building It's in the Piazza di Spagna not far from the Spanish steps It is now no longer the headquarters of the press that has moved But it is a museum and you go in there and you say where did Bidoni where where was the press and they have no idea It's very disappointing Bidoni was actually hired by Cardinal Spinelli who took a great fancy to him, but only was terrific at finding work and impressing priests and patrons and benefactors but only Here again, he's quite interesting in that he in his ability To make his own rather profitable way should we say So Cardinal Spinelli lived in the Palazzo Valentini, which is the building on the right here So just imagine Bidoni could roll out a bed in the morning and take a few steps And he'd be at the base of Trajan's column and able to look at some lettering right pretty famous lettering he worked he worked hard and The the powers that be at the press found that he was Particularly adept with these exotic languages the first job they gave him was to sort to sort Wait a minute. Let me get this right to sort type that had the the press had owned for a long time, but that had got jumbled up and so he was able to figure out which language was which rich and sort them into into cases and Organized everything. So they gave him a job of setting a Pontificale, which is a book for bishops and This on the left is the first Edition should we say of it this this image you are very privileged to see this image It's very very rare. It's at the Houghton Library at Harvard I have never seen it anywhere else and they'd never seen it in Palmer when I I showed it in Palmer in February But the powers that be were so impressed by Bidoni's work that they allowed him for their second printing To put his name at the bottom. You'll see his name and the his his his town At the bottom of that page now that You can see that in the in the Bidoni Museum in Palmer. I've seen it at the places but this one has very rare written on it in pencil at the Houghton Library in Harvard at the Propaganda Fide Press Bidoni met this father Pachaudi who was to have an Influence on what happened to him later Bidoni After eight years in in in Rome Mccarty and Spinelli had died his immediate boss Costantino Ruggieri had killed himself Very mysterious circumstances and Bidoni was beginning to feel he needed to spread his wings he admired the work of Baskerville and He knew that there was a lot going on in the print world in England at that time And he had some English friends and they persuaded him that he should go He should go to England. So he decided to set off and he left Rome but on the way to England he fell ill with what one of his Italian Biographers called called Sturgeon fever which we interpret to be malaria So he had to call short his journey it must have been a pretty severe case of malaria malaria he went home to mummy and He stayed in in Salunzo for about a year and a half working again with his father recovering and then Once he was feeling better making little trips to Turin and trying to stir up interest when suddenly he got a letter from none other than the young Duke of Palmer and His Prime Minister Guillaume Dutio and this is where father Pachaudy comes in Father Pachaudy had left Rome and had become the the well-beloved and entirely trustworthy librarian at Palmer and When when Guillaume Dutio and the young Duke decided that Palmer needed to put itself on the map and How did you do that in those days use you had a press and they wanted to have a press That competed with Turin and with Paris none other than Paris they they were very ambitious But they didn't know who to ask to run the press So they sought the advice of Pierre Jean Mariette in Paris Because of course the the the Prime Minister was Frenchman and and everything good came from France, right? Pierre Jean Mariette was a connoisseur collector and a very very Erudite man and he in his wisdom said Do not use a Frenchman Use an Italian who is used to the language that you will be printed that your Print of will be using himself and that was pretty good advice. So father Pachaudy Remembered Badoni Remembered the work that Badoni was doing remembered Badoni's competence Badoni had by then started cutting his own punches So Pachaudy had a pretty good idea and he recommended that Badoni go to Palmer set up the press and then run it and and print So Badoni 1768 he set off for Palmer and that great big building there is the Palazzo della Pilotta and on The front on the lower level of that was where Badoni's studio was Just on the edge of the river if the river was in flood I heard that sometimes the the little waves would come lapping into the print works from La Pilotta this this bridge crossed over into The park the Ducal park and the Duke's residence in Palmer. So Badoni was able to you know Print something and trot across the bridge and show it to the Duke. They had a very close relationship and It was pretty handy Also not far away, but only just a stone's throw away, maybe I don't know A thousand yards or something Badoni could find himself in the center of town in this beautiful Piazza del Duomo the Cathedral Square And this is this is um an 11th century baptistry with with wonderful frescoes and carvings of Work that people did and Here's here's one of the doors It's this lovely pink marble and So here's one of the carvings. So what do you think the fellow on the left is doing? Any ideas remember this is Palmer Yes, yes, he's he's he's making sausages. He's making Salami Yes, yes So there there there you have it. They were already doing that a long time ago Palmer is also the city of Correggio and there are wonderful wonderful Frescoes in in in the cathedral and in the church of st John the evangelist Which have these inspiring domes in which people have said this is the virgin Mary You don't often get to see her legs. Do you there? She is ascending up into heaven And I somehow can't help feeling that all this inspired badoni somehow or other Inside the cathedral. This is the the memorial plaque to him. It's huge and down below is a plaque to his wife and on the left you have this this tribute from the Printers of the United States of America and perhaps some of you are included in this. I don't know It wouldn't be nice to think also There is a wonderful convent in the middle of which is a kind of secret chamber With this ceiling by Correggio and Later on in badoni's life He he published a book of lithographs taken from this wonderful mysterious room I do hope that i'm inspiring you all to go to Palmer because it is a terrific Small town that you can walk around with and see all these jewels And also you can you can eat rather well if you particularly if you like prosciutto and you like parmesan cheese But this is the local specialty which is called totelli der bette and it's it's um made with um Swiss chard It's quite good Well the duke at 18 of course when you're 18 and rather plump you need a wife And um, so it's this a marriage was arranged His wife was an arch duchess of austria five years older than he The eighth of the 16 children of maria tereza of austria And one of her younger sisters was marion toonette and she was a piece of work She brought in a lot of austrianness to this very french court and she loathed The french prime minister and was um brought about his downfall for the wedding there was um, I mean it was a huge a huge affair and budoni was asked to work with the architect petito on a presentation volume Which remains to this day one of the greatest presentation volumes of all time and you will see it It's actually on the floor on the bottom left of the picture And you will see it once again with petito There he has it on the the top of the pillar to his right Petito, I think was quite amusing more amusing than budoni, I think So this is the title page for this this You know, it's one of these great big volumes and it's highly illustrated So there are all kinds of events in celebration of of This wedding. There was a chinese fair There was an arcadian idyll And of course you have to have fireworks. There were fireworks And there were operas and the operas were by glauque And the the leading soprano was a young woman called lucrezia agujare And she um She had a great admirer called Giuseppe colla colla means glue in italian And Giuseppe colla was such an admirer that he eventually married her And um, he also helped her when she needed a little augmentation to one of her costumes um I actually have sound for this. I don't seem to have sound right now if um, and I have sound in other In other slides, and I wonder if there's anyone who can help me bring the sound forth No, is there anyone here could help me with this? I'm sorry. She sings for you There's always something isn't so So the donny started work. He was back by this time. He was 28 years old And um He he didn't have much type. He brought a little bit with him from from um, But he didn't have much type So he was his greatest hero of all time was um, thank you Do you think you're paying her? Yeah Okay, thanks So uh fornie so he ordered type from paris and What happened was that he used fornie's type But as it broke down or wore out or whatever he graduated He was by then he was cutting punches like mad. So he he he imitated fornie at first, but gradually It became less fornie and more badoni. It was it was a beautiful transition So here this is this is the one I feel is like his father's work. You you sort of reminiscent of his father's work This is the first thing he printed Other than the the big um presentation volume for um For the for this is um prayers and thanks for the recovery from malaria of the prime minister He he um, this is very early work 1771 he did his first specimen book of of um ornaments Very heavily based on fornie very heavily based on fornie. There's one of the interior pages And this is rather nice. This is also the um The hooten library has brooks collection So we have them to thank for this And so this is badoni's hand sketches look at the sixth one down on the left You see the little faces Well, I blew them up because I thought they were kind of kind of charming and then Here is somnestones modern version of badoni ornaments So you see how it's translated Now into our computers Some punches they have they have thousands of them in the badoni museum And and you know that you can you can hold them you can take them out hold this wonderful cold steel Matrices molds badoni's molds Not badoni's press, but a copy of what what he would have used Not badoni's inkball, but I kind of likened me and I learned that they used um dog hair Um in the ink balls They're funny about dogs in palma. They love them. They love them, but they put them to good use too This is not badoni's studio, but it's it's um, it's a contemporary picture. So this I imagine is very much like what You would have seen had you been a visitor one of many many visitors to badoni's studio His fame spread. He was like a rock star Badoni was invited to go to other cities Milan invited him Madrid and he He liked palma. It was cozy but he was ambitious and When this man Jose Nicola de azarra the azarra spanish um, he he um He was determined that badoni leave palma Stop printing silly sonnets, right and little little broadsheets for the duke and Unimportant things and come to Rome where he azarra would set up a press for him Give him lodging and he would print the classics um Well The reason he had become so entranced with with badoni is that he had seen this epithelemia Which was a peon to the prince of piedmont And his his bride the princess of france for their wedding And what badoni had done was to create a volume In which every page had a different language every page had a different city So this is the page for saluzo his birth town Cities in italy, of course And for some reason or other he chose to print Armenian on the page for saluzo, but this book really impressed azarra 1791 was a really big year because this was the year in which Azarra was putting the real pressure on him the duke heard about it The duke knew that Because badoni by now was so famous because people from courts all all over europe were coming to visit They would go and see badoni before they went and saw the duke um People were buying badoni And he realized that he couldn't afford to lose him It would be really bad for palmer. So he He made a compromise a really brilliant compromise. He said I will give you your own press Your private press you can print anything you want so long as you stay and print what I want as well So this was a good compromise this Was the first thing off his Press printed for azarra And you can see it's but badoni in his prime He's got it all there. He's got the perfect white. He's got the perfect black. He's got the balance the shape That's it's it's a wonderful wonderful volume Guess what? I still don't have music Never mind. We can do without it um As david mentioned he was 51 when he suddenly decided to get married he um He had terrible gout He was feeling his age His uncle in rome kept writing to him and sending him Telling him it's really time to get married marry someone like your mother, you know not too tall um, I love that And um his sisters would write no aren't you getting married yet? We knew um, but um finally A couple of years before 1791 he met this young woman Who was actually 18 years younger than he and she was happened to be engaged to somebody else but It didn't seem to stop him and she was you know, women sometimes are attracted to fame And I think that she found that she found it very and he was charming. She he was charming So so he um So he courted her he wrote to her he wrote lovely letters to her And eventually she got rid of the other fiance and they were they were married In this little church and I have a wonderful rock Wedding march to play for you here, which you're not hearing unfortunately um, and um And they essentially lived happily ever after she was a terrific wife for him. She was efficient She spoke fluent french and italian. She learned english so that she could write to his english customers and um, she acted as his hostess his nurse And finally in the end his printer Sorry about that But all was not well in 1791 he He had some assistants called amoretti two brothers and their nephew and They they worked very hard for him and they felt and in fact I think they were cutting punches although he never admitted it And they felt he needed to pay more attention to them and give them some credit And he felt that he didn't need to so there was a big rift and it was rather unpleasant and We still haven't gotten to the bottom of this, but maybe one of you will And also he came um, oh, sorry. I'm so sorry Come back This on the left you see amoretti and on the right you see, uh, badoni and I think you can tell the difference Can't you it's all to do with balance and Shape he also came in from for some severe criticism from, um, dido who um Having published his own in the ad was able to scrutinize badoni's in the ad with an eagle eye And managed to find actually a horrifying amount of typos in it So he he he wrote a Terrifically critical letter saying while the man is perfectly capable of printing. He's not capable of publishing a clean text And badoni of course was very hurt. He thought that somebody had sent An early copy before it had been proofread which may well be the case But anyway, there was you know bad feelings between badoni and dido but he did have friends and He he got his friends together for conversazione for on friday afternoons There he would stop cutting punches. He would stop printing and have his friends over and you see him there on the left and sort of embosomed with his biographer Um Young man who subsequently became his biographer Above them is his manservant dal mastrow In the middle are three friends whose names I could probably dig out for you But it's a bit of a hard dig at the moment. Um On the top right is his foreman zillioni And his wife with her guitar Who seems to be gazing rather longingly at the young man fernando paillard Who is um, he's a composer who actually wrote the wedding march for napoleon's second wedding But I I think that's rather a lovely image of What happened on friday afternoons? um rosa spina was the one Artist that he would entrust with with engravings. He didn't particularly like illustrated books But he would allow rosa spina to to Engrave for him his paper maker was Pietro miliani from fabriano. He ordered most of his paper from fabriano, which of course, you know, it's still in business Here we go He had fans He um, benjamin franklin wrote him a fan letter in which he said oh, congratulations. You've done such a wonderful job However, had it been me, I would have done such and such, you know being a printer himself printers like to get things right and he also printed um This on the occasion of his becoming an arcadian Here this is something um, you know, he's very snobbish and he really was a social climber as was his wife And so it was with great pleasure that he finally became an arcadian and this is a thank you um Post office, so it's quite big. It's about this big. It's in the providence public library And it's something I have seen nowhere else. The providence public library has the uptight collection of bedonies And really some impressive Matter there. It's a it's a really wonderful place. I remember when I visited it We were close to having the manuscript ready And I called david and I said oh, I found a treasure trove. Stop the press, you know, essentially something like that So I so I'm very pleased and it's nice to see two color printing there He finally the city of parma even though he was pie montezer even though it was not from parma They finally gave him a gold medal and the pope Having been to paris to crown napoleon emperor While he was in paris saw um a volume an oratio dominica in which the a young um printer called marcel at the um um primary um imperial Had um he printed this volume with 150 different languages the lord's prayer In 150 different languages. So the pope passing through parma Went to see badoni as everyone did and said to badoni Ha ha can you beat marcel? well, of course badoni loved a challenge and He did 155 different languages. So this is his arabic This is his syriac Photos by ginger And this is the second page of the chinese along with with the the musical tones And the interesting thing about the chinese is that it's the only um, it's the only One that is woodcut He did woodcuts for it. All the others are type led type So here's napoleon after having been crowned emperor In the robes of the king of italy And he he was getting a firma and firma grip on on on italy north italy and and the papal states and um Badoni who as david said we won't talk about his politics. His politics were simple Whoever was in control was badoni's man. So he He was shameless. He would work for anybody who paid him well anyway he wanted to impress napoleon and in um 18 he published his ilyad in 1808 Very he was very very careful With his proofreading and he had a very very skillful and careful editor. So it is very clean Anyway, he he wanted to present a copy of it to napoleon, but napoleon at that time was off fighting battles So it wasn't till 1810 that he finally delivered the um, or actually he was in bed with gout But the editor took it to to um napoleon and six months later Badoni was awarded a pension for life. So that was very nice Unfortunately in 1802 the duke died rather mysteriously um, I go into this quite carefully. Um, the There's always gossip when somebody dies suddenly and usually gossip in italy runs to poison However, I actually don't think it was poison, but you know it in in the church in which um At least part of him is buried It says he was it was poison, but I I I don't think we we need to go along with that So now of course napoleon the french get an even tighter grip on on parma Napoleon Gets rid. Oh, okay. This is the the duke presumably fairly shortly before he died He got he was he was always prone to being plump. He got he got quite he loved to eat He really loved to eat. He loved to hunt And um, he wasn't always hunting game. He was hunting shepherdesses and that kind of thing. Anyway The Duchess continued to be a piece of work She she she loved. She was she was never happier than when she was on a on a horse. She loved her grooms and her dogs So after the death of the duke, there was um, uh, an administrator french administrator put in charge of parma Who became of course a very good friend of the donies And um, they actually were really good friends Napoleon right having having married His second wife having ditched josephine. He married yet another arch duchess of austria 18 years old And he was 39 at the time and shortly thereafter he got what he wanted a son who Whom they referred to as the king of rome this picture I took this photograph I found it in a sort of back office in in in one of the the Galleries in in in parma. It's so interesting what you can find if you spend enough time roaming around so in in honor of that birth um, but only produced yet another of these beautiful albums um of of um praise for the for the new baby And napoleon once again was so pleased. He made him a night of the um imperial order of the reunion So you could then call him sir jambatista badoni Towards the end of badoni's life once again, he found himself a lovely patron um, napoleon son in law murah Also known as the hot dresser You can tell he has some rather nice green suede boots anyway, um murah wanted his son To have the very best and the very best meant the french classics Printed by badoni. So this is what badoni was working on right at the end of his life and This this particular title page gave him enormous pleasure I wonder if you can figure out why Well, the fact that he managed to get the words Bolo despreo on one line He had to cut the punches especially in order to do that So that tells you the level of detail he and care He was prepared to take He died um on the 30th of november 1813 And What what's not in this picture is a very nice very tall bell tower and in the in in the bell tower there's a huge bell Which is only told for the death of somebody really really Regal aristocratic really really important, but they told it for badoni um and badoni was Once again divided up Part of him him is in the cathedral and part of him is in his parish church margarita dalalio was Shattered by his death as she she adored him However, she had a very strong will and a strong sense of direction and what she should do So she finished everything that was on That all the orders that badoni still had in hand And then she set to work Towards printing the manuali tipo graphical the great master work badoni had had done It was ready, but it wasn't assembled. It was in disorder But he had had the sense to write his very long extremely boring to my mind introduction She wrote her own which I find much more, but it's interesting to to serious people I mean badoni's introduction. It is interesting to serious people But I find hers more Interesting she talks about the difficulties of putting this thing together and um, but how she had she had Felt it was essentially her life's work and um This is she announced his death in in in two ways in in italian on the right and in french on the left and It's interesting. She says that he He was snatched away by a violent Cataral illness Which seems to signify sinus infection and his his gout his terrible terrible gout He was often in bed for three months at a time with his gout Um, I think from reading the descriptions of what happened to him before death It sounds awfully like pneumonia to me. So Those are also in the providence collection The update collection in providence So she did she got it together. It took her five years to pull the whole great manuali together and she dedicated it of course to maria luigia Napoleon's wife who by now was duchess of parma when Napoleon was sent to st. Helena by What what what do you do with? An ex emperor's wife. Well, you make her the duchess of parma, of course So she's now the duchess of parma and and mrs. Badoni, of course loved people in power. So she dedicated it to her This is the biggest type in in in the whole volume This is a letter from Margarita Badoni once again in the providence public library in which she It's a letter to a monsieur Durand of meds in france She says in it. I printed 250 copies and i'm selling them for 120 francs each no discount Not like you No discount tough so For a long time, you know when when I was working in parma people were always saying how many copies study print. What did it got? They didn't know But in providence they knew I just I think it's just wonderful that in fact over here we have some really good stuff now How are you holding up? You okay? You can have have some more a little bit more This is the face behind the face. This is in my title is the face behind the face So this is the face, but this is this first one is not the face this picture which is in the glauco lombardi museum in parma is of What do they call it? Womo incognito. I think For many years for years and years it was considered to be badoni, but then recently in the last five years or so the specialists in clothing said wrong necktie wrong carve out Not can't be badoni. This is late. This is late 18 late 18th century And this is a young man. So badoni either Didn't age or or it's not badoni so However, it's very light badoni this is badoni with the right necktie right and um This is in fact margarita badoni's favorite painting of him and You go back to this one You can see they really are quite alike So even though it's not badoni, we can think that that's what he looked like as young man So these are just images I found of him in in various places This wins the prize for silliness Magisterial that's the the engraving done from the the one that margarita liked so much These are modern variations Funny, isn't it what people do? This is my favorite. I think I feel it's very true to him. It's he's He's there casually In his nightcap or something or his printer's cap And this is a late one too a loose sketch We don't know who it's by but I think it's I think it's probably a pretty good likeness And this is in his hometown in in the main school in his hometown And I think you you'll see at the bottom what it says The best Okay, now I've got a little bit more. It's very silly. You prepared prepared for silly Yes, okay This is where there would be music There would be volare playing If we had the music So what do you do? What do you do when you know nothing about the doni? You know very little about printing um, you network And most of you know who this is. Yes and Fred and Barbara vote me put me in touch with Sumner so and Sumner became a sort of mentor to me he he He saw me through This was a difficult journey and and he was very very helpful And Sumner In turn, you know hikers put me in touch with stan nelson who is one of the last people in the world who can still cut a punch And I think it was also Sumner who put me in touch with james mosley. Any of you know james mosley apart from david, right? Who is the great print historian english print historian? Better than that. He has a wife Who is an authority on italian cuisine and wrote the oxford companion to italian food She's wonderful. She's a wonderful cook too So I had them sort of behind me keeping me honest on history and on food Then I went finally went to parma. This is remember eight years ago Parma was not very wi-fi And I I only found two places in the city One was the tourist information bureau and the other was the steps of the baptistry where I could I could get online So what do you do when you get to parma? Well, you you once again you network and you meet interesting and glamorous people look look at these wonderful people that I met And then I went of course to the badone museum where as an independent scholar and a No university affiliation. I was regarded with the deepest of suspicion However There was a young woman working in in the badone museum and she took to me She was about a third of my age and she She and I became terrific friends and she couldn't do enough for me Which which also meant weekends going out together and Visiting the countryside and and it was terrific I also met um, this is a man called Corrado Mingardi and he's he's referred to as luomo Squisito the exquisite man for his taste and his generosity and he's a great badone expert This is the rear end of franco maria richie the great publisher and mine and And we are looking for badone material in in one of his his chess So you also experience carnival if you're there at the right time, which is a very lovely thing the small People at the bottom are the people the big ones are the puppets And then if you're lucky you experience an earthquake In a room that rattles enormously and you're alone. That was quite exciting And then also if you're lucky you have snow upon snow um, I've actually rarely been as cold as I've been in partner Much to my surprise I went to Rome and Sought out the propaganda feed a press I had a a short I was a visiting scholar at the american academy, which is extremely grand and I found absolutely terrifying But I I benefited all the same Um the tiber flooded and I worked the archives from the Propaganda feed they were moved to Grounds in the Vatican underground and above in the um sports fields There were were young proto priests from all over the world playing tennis I thought it was funny, isn't it? This is the Vatican press This is this is this is quite a change from badoni's day Got a haircut Decided that it was better to wear my hiking boots when climbing the seven hills of Rome than going around in anything like that and then Finally I found Via Giovanni Battista Badoni Which is in a section of Rome called testatio And There there are several streets named after printers Aldo Manuzio Ben Yamino Franklin and Badoni and there's also rather a nice wine bar Where if you're foot tall you can go in and It has rather an interesting um Poster outside for it. So that that's it folks. That's it Thank you I I've been told that there are books and cake and that I probably we should answer questions along with books and cake Okay