 Welcome everybody to this panel which is about what I think everybody in the room would agree might be the world's scariest near-term and maybe not just near-term problem when we talk about food. Every issue that's being discussed here at the forum runs through this issue whether it's climate or war in Europe or inflation or the comeback from COVID or disruption of globalization and so we have an incredible panel here and I want to just say I think we should go down the line and hear from each person what do they think which one of those a range of issues is the most important near-term issue in food. I'm David Rhodes I'm the group director of SKY based in London. SKY is the European division now of Comcast the American media and telecom conglomerate I'm a 2013 class of the young global leader program for the forum and here with the International Media Council we have Raj Shah who I've known since you were in the Obama administration now president of the of Rockefeller good to good to have you with us Claire Akamansi CEO of the Rwanda Development Board welcome Hanika Faber we have found we have a couple of things in common she is a division president of Unilever and Theo de Jager the president of the World Farmers Farmers Organization so welcome we've got multiple continents multiple perspectives represented why don't we go down the line of all those things that we're concerned with right now just in a in a few words what is the most what is the most pressing what's the worst problem for food right now well maybe I'll you want me to start I'll start with a number which is 48 and in 2007 8 and 9 during the last major global food crisis there were 48 moments of significant political violence and political instability as a result of spikes in food prices many people are aware of the link between that reality and the emergence of the Arab Spring many people are aware of the mass migration and the extreme human suffering and political instability caused by food crisis and at the end of the day food and its availability its quantity and quality are critical to the maintenance of stability around our planet so my biggest concern frankly is that we are just starting a food crisis that is far worse than 2007 8 and 9 and that by the time we get to August September October what we all know as the hungry season and we can go into why it's referred to that way that we will see the consequences of this food crisis in the terms of political instability mass migration famine in certain parts of the world and and the only other introductory comment I'd make is because we've been through this so many times before we actually know how to prevent the worst consequences and more importantly we know how to invest in the prevention of these types of crises causing human suffering and political instability around our planet and yet crisis after crisis after crisis we often fail to take those actions so I look forward to learning from my colleagues here about what works and investing in those efforts in a much more significant way so that our future is not so vulnerable to you know a war in Ukraine or a drought in East Africa Claire your biggest your biggest concern I'm worried about the impact of food prices on the momentum that we were we were already achieving as a country but also as a continent if you look at the the gains we had made on you know food security a rounder for example had attained food security millions of people had been taken away from poverty and we were seeing those gains with the current food prices that we're seeing you know recently we saw a 16 percent increase in food prices in Rwanda we saw at 121 percent increase in fertilizers that's going to impact productivity productivity is going to impact food security is going to impact livelihoods because purchasing power is going to be affected in a country that was still addressing issues of poverty I'm worried about what that means in terms of going back on some of the gains we had made on poverty and and and and also food security and so I'm looking at that and also what it would mean to even undo the the the the gains that will have lost I think would be a very difficult challenge undoing those gains undoing those gains Hanukkah your your biggest concern yeah I mean I will echo them I think we have a possibly unimaginable food crisis right in front of us and when food fails societies fail and we all fail I think the hopeful thing is we know what to do my biggest concern is will we do it fast enough so hopefully we'll talk about that hopefully hopefully Theo I want to echo what all the other speakers said what I fear most is that people are looking to the farmers to solve the problem we we can produce more on less with less but we simply don't have the means to do so in the current circumstances we the risk we are exposed to because of climate because of the the financial environment the energy the prices of our inputs fertilizers diesel agrochemicals farmer would now think three times before he makes the investment so it's not only us who can solve this problem we need a team and we need it quickly right you can't do it yourself there's a UN suggestion this week that here at the forum that 1.7 billion will face food insecurity this year a credible Eurasia group report puts the number higher 1.9 we're gonna take questions from our audience here as we go and no Slido it's an intimate enough room we'll be able to get everybody involved I'll be able to see you it'll be my fault if you don't get called on but and we're being live-streamed what I'm hearing though as a unifying theme here as concerned as we might be in the news agenda with Ukraine our organization led this week with the situation and at the port in Odessa getting the harvest out but what I'm hearing is that prices pricing the inflationary context of the inputs post COVID of what people in the street face that's really what's going to tip us over into that insecurity this year maybe Claire talk about that from 15 to 20 percent increase I mean your government many governments must be concerned about civil unrest in a situation like that as we go into that season what's the feeling out there for us as a government what we're thinking is I mean these are challenges that are real and they're happening globally the key thing is to bring all the parties together starting with the people that are going to be affected those that are going to be paying high prices those that are already feeling the pain getting them to understand what's going on and some of the solutions that we have so I think engaging the people in the public and community and really sharing the truth of what's happening and what we have to work to grapple with I think for us that has been very important but also trying to intervene as government to get as safety nets social programs that can really support those that those that have been most affected that's something that we're doing also as a country and I think that's very important to do that at the now but I think more importantly is to think about how do you increase local production for Rwanda or for Africa and in Africa we always talk about 60% of the world's arable land is enough in the African continent but we're not utilizing it we're relying on wheat or other products from somewhere it's a crisis but how do we learn from this crisis and how do we fix some of these problems that we've had recently Rwanda signed an agreement with the World Bank a 300 million dollar agreement to try and finance some of these things that we're talking about how do you do risk agriculture how do you support farmers and we have everything that it takes in Africa we just need to put everything together to make it work I mean what I hear from Theo is that even where we have land in cultivation we've got problems on those input prices but I guess there's more land to put into cultivation where that came from is your point but then we cannot waste this crisis and just keep farming the way we've always done because this crisis is bigger than the Ukraine imports this crisis has been building for a long time climate change is a big part of it droughts floods which means we have to farm differently and this is a great time to start farming differently we call it regenerative agriculture it has to come to many more acres many more crops many more regions around the world and as businesses we have a responsibility to fund and scale that transition because the farmer cannot do that on his own and we've got good examples so if I might quote one that's been in place between Unilever ADM and the farmers of Iowa for five years now soybean farming you know we have big cell of mayonnaise, helmets, soybeans. Soybean farming is not great for the soil it's very mechanized so water runs off the soil deteriorates so we started with a hundred farmers in 2017 to see if we could farm differently to reduce emissions to reduce water pollution to improve soil health your company points out yeah it takes one to four centuries to have soil that's suitable for this it all starts with the soil so started with a hundred farmers we measured it University of Iowa measured it and after five years we're seeing reduced emissions less pollution higher yields it can be done again with of course leadership of the farmers of Iowa transitional funding from ADM from us we'd love to see more from governments to enable this as well it can be done it's not rocket science but it has to be done on many more crops many more countries now if we're going to avert this crisis Raju and I met in coverage of politics and it's ironic how everything comes back to Iowa in that context but but you probably what what is the role for NGOs and for multinational for global institutions in this I mean we've got a government perspective we've got a corporate perspective I think people probably look at the sector and think that you know philanthropy isn't big enough to get us through this well philanthropy certainly not big enough to get us through this what what we can do is sort of highlight the path forward and try to lift up and listen to the voices like Claire that basically just gave us the roadmap to to solve the crisis and that roadmap has I think three basic components right now the first is we need aggressive humanitarian action now informed by all the science and innovation that we've put into place over 40 50 years to improve the effectiveness of that humanitarian action for example Rockefeller and grow intelligence a data and AI company launched a tool that allows us to visualize vulnerability in terms of this crisis going forward we know when we knew before Ukraine was invaded we know we knew where the hot spots were going to be now we know within with real precision where the hot spots are likely to be in terms of people starving and real political instability from food crises later this year we can pre-position food we can get NGOs in there we can support the world food program to have the resources it needs we can work with local producers and governments to protect people in those communities and reduce the pressures on migration violence unrest that may result from real acute hunger later this year that's number one number two is what Claire said which is we should be investing aggressively in social safety nets and the truth is the whole development enterprise the countries themselves the world bank and other similar institutions and NGOs have learned a lot about how to provide meaningful social protection to communities that are vulnerable we know how to reach children we know how to reach pregnant women we know how to run school feeding programs we know which of those programs are likely to be most protective at times of crisis and right now because countries are facing a fiscal crisis from rising interest payments on debt from increased fuel costs and increased food costs from the prices you just mentioned they don't have the fiscal capacity to invest in those protection programs when they are needed we should have a massive global effort this should be part of a g7 it should be part of a g20 but right now we need much much bigger push in that area the final area is again what Claire said it was help farmers we know that helping farmers works to increase local production when i was part of the obama administration we launched and we've talked about feed the future feed the future works in rwanda 19 other countries it's no magic we work with local leaders like Claire and farmers that are represented throughout the country mostly small scale and medium-sized farmers and in fact they have improved their yields they've improved their production and the 19 feed the future countries are actually more resilient to this crisis because of effectively seven eight years of real investment another example is agra the alliance for a green revolution in africa agra has reached it reaches about 11 million farmers in in about a dozen countries in africa on an annual basis about half of those farmers have improved their adoption of fertilizers and inputs like improved seeds all local all very sustainably done and the result has been they've increased their yields from about 1.2 tons per hectare to 2.5 tons per hectare that i mean clear you tell us what difference does that make for a family and for a community when you double yields from that low of baseline i mean in america yields are what 10 tons per hectare in in europe they're probably eight or nine africa is one of the few places where you still have a lot of farming that's only producing one or one and a half tons per hectare so so we know these efforts work we know they're incredibly powerful we need to invest in them more and we have to use this crisis to actually solve this problem but it's part of what we did and i say just we in terms of here we are at the forum we're trying to get a handle on these issues from sort of 37 000 feet but in globalizing many of these systems that we're now talking about how that feeds back to the farmer we also specialized very highly so hanneke you talk about specialized agriculture in terms of how we grow soy but we specialized in other ways that so much fertilizer comes from one country that's so much grain to support subsidized bread comes from another country did we over-specialize in terms of the food chain you know food security no longer means that any country produce everything it consumes or the other way around that it consumes everything it produces in the modern world food security means that you need to produce enough of that in which you have a competitive advantage so that you can exchange for that in which you do not have a competitive advantage you must stick to your guns you must produce that which you are good at and which your area supports and and and that boils the question down to trade right the trade must flow where we are sitting here today there is still enough food in the world there is enough that we can afford to waste about 30 to 35 percent of the food that that leaves a farm gate and we do we we are not sure that it will still be the case in 10 months from now we don't know where the farmers will be able under the current conditions to produce what what we need but the the playing fields must then be labeled it must be easier to move food and fiber across borders and we cannot allow inputs agricultural inputs fertilizers diesel and and food to be used as a weapon of war we must go beyond that and i know it's it's an uncomfortable thing and i got criticized for this here in Davos but i have a bleeding heart for the farmers in russia you know that we cannot create a new humanitarian crisis on that side and and somehow we we must address the cause of our problem now the cause is not only this war we already had sky high fertilizer prices during covid farmers are still reeling from the impact which covid had in the disruption of their markets but now with this war we we must simply get it to an end somehow i was reading Montgomery's autobiography last weekend he says about the second world war but this war could have stopped two years earlier millions less lives lost if total surrender was not the the goal of it and and as farmers we we are not politicians we are not scientists we are not academia we are looking to to leadership to go there and address this issue and see what we can do to normalize things or else you know martinsuskin the the the German philosopher says imagine there's a war and nobody goes there then it will come to you and he will no longer have the option where to fight it it will come to your yard to your verandah to your kitchen and to your bedroom i think that the time has come for from from our perspective as farmers to go to the war and and to try to bring a meaningful end to it everybody talk about the consequences of it but it it cannot be that hard to get to an amicable solution to the war well claire theo may not be a politician although that was fairly rousing political speech so i don't know maybe after the farming thing but but claire you are a political figure and if i can say in a country with very real experience of needing reconciliation from a violent conflict so how do you respond to this idea that at a certain point you just need to draw a line under it because one side does not get total victory well i think for us in random what we learned from the the genocide against the two that happened was nobody won everybody lost whether a victim or perpetrator or everybody lost and some in everything that we do we always think about bringing everybody on the table and that's why i said engaging even even those that are suffering you know from the you know current food prices they need to know that there's a problem we're grappling with together you're not pointing fingers but we're going to sit together and and knock our heads together to find a solution but back to your question or did we over specialize i think we did and i think that africa lost out in that over specialization and africa has the potential to be part of the solution and to think about diversifying sources of supplies or sources of inputs and and i think for us as as an african continent this is a time to really challenge ourselves to rise up to really find or be part of the solutions and as we think about some of the innovations that are being discussed today you know you talked about regenerative agriculture climate smart agriculture all these innovations new seed varieties who's thinking about those i think we also want to position ourselves in the african continent as being one of those places that you can try these innovations and test them and run in particularly we like to position ourselves as a proof of concept country you know we don't have all the solutions you have some of the innovations are you looking for a place to test them let's test them together we'll give you a country we'll give you a place we'll give you a commitment as a government and we'll bring the resources that we have together to test and you know prove those concepts and if they work very well let's scale them to the rest of our knowledge transfer too in order to to learn more about that i mean is that the most yeah i think on the one side you know it's it's a pipe dream to think any country on this planet can be food sufficient self-sufficient even the u.s which is the most self-sufficient country is not self-sufficient so trade and borders must stay open if we're going to feed everyone that said in africa we have a big opportunity to produce and manufacture more food in africa for africa and we love working with rwanda where we did a big tea um collaboration together we're now working on finger millet which you may have never heard of but i had some of that this morning there you go there you go but we eat too many of the same crops we're working on finger millet in kenya africa can be a real lab and we've got to do more in africa for africa but is it would you say from a sort of multinational perspective is it is it a current reality or is more of an aspiration it's increasingly a reality so if i look back even two or three years we were only doing about 40 of our materials for that we sell in africa came from africa we're not about 65 so we've really made a step change and it was of course kind of silly you don't bring eggs from france to sell mayonnaise in africa so we don't do that anymore um all right we must have some questions from our group because i think we've had a few provocative uh perspectives so let's uh let's start right here in the front oh and we have microphones we've thought of everything hello thank you my name is adam and i'm a global shipper from kotono in benin i would like once again to raise the awareness about the fact that food is now becoming the number one priority when it comes to geopolitics and regarding to that having 60 percent of the arable land i would like to know what you think about how us african can and i'm happy to you brought it up can increase or enhance intra trade among ourselves in order to be self sufficient and then maybe be the solution for these crises thank you can i respond to that yeah often the most beautiful things are born in times of crisis and with every cell in my body i hope that this crisis will spark the food production revolution in africa africa has everything which money cannot buy the land the water the climate the people what it lacks is things that money can buy infrastructure linkages to markets mechanization modernization we need to commercialize agriculture in africa and we we need to mechanize it and bring the latest technology to the youngsters over the last few years i've seen young people going back to farms when it is profitable if it is not profitable they want to run away from it and the profitability came with digitalization it came with connectedness when they could look for markets and see what the market want and find ways to get it there nothing makes me more excited about a new generation of young farmers in africa who are stepping forward and taking control of the the challenges of competitiveness if i could add to that i think also to increase intra-african trade i think investments is an an enabler of trade so to be able to trade within africa we need to see more investments within africa and across africa and we do already see intra-african trade supporting that we have investments for example in a big part from south africa from kenya from north africa morocco egypt among others so i think being able to really make it easy to do business within the african continent so we have more investments coming in those investments will unlock intra-african trade who's who's supposed to lead that investment because i'm hearing that it's a technology issue it's a mechanization maybe issue is that is that a sort of multinational sector is that require sort of government or extra governmental coordination who's who's supposed to do it i think it's innovative partnerships actually the the world economic forum has these innovation hubs which enable government ngo's business farmers should have started it should have started with the farmers to get together and come up with these partnerships because it has to be all of us it cannot be just a farmer or just a business raj i think the role of trade certainty in this context is hugely important because it's very hard to have either domestic investment or foreign direct investment in commercial agriculture if the rules are unclear if the rules are unclear and just to put it in perspective right now as we speak i think 30 countries have instituted export bans of different commodities during this crisis compounding the fact that 30 percent of the world's wheat for trade is stuck in ukraine and 20 percent of the world's nitrogen for fertilizers stuck in russia and that just makes matters worse so when the indian government pulls its wheat off the global market or the indonesian government pulls its palm oil off the global market it's exacerbating a crisis and that those actions which speak to a real domestic fear about will we have food to feed ourselves right now will actually come back and undermine the global system's resilience in six months 12 months 18 months so we have to avoid this and there needs to be much more of a political agreement to have trade certainty in order to both get through the crisis and to enable more direct investment in agriculture but the in a way controversially speaking up for the russian farmer here you're saying look this these kinds of there's harms all around so look we could have had a defense minister join our panel today to talk about the challenge of getting ukraine's harvest out through odessa but i suppose it goes further than that too in terms of we talk about not buying russian gas russian oil but to the degree that we don't buy the harvest from there is that where where's what's the pain point what when you're saying you're speaking up for that incremental farmer in the east what are we doing wrong they must be able to produce they must still be food in in in russia too um we are not going to wish away russia a country is not only its political leaders it's their people too and it's the biggest profession in russia it's the biggest profession in the world they are more farmers than they are in any other profession and they are often the poorest they are often the most food insecure russia is not a country of mega farmers and corporate farmers it's a country also of of small holders and they are a member of the world farmers organization and and they make valuable contributions in the development of of policies in both europe and in asia we still take medicines there the usa is still taking medicines there and stuff so i i want to plea for food to be able to cross borders and who and and that we not cause a hunger disaster um which later will become a global disaster anyway it's not their problem it will be a problem of all of us it'll be our problem richard i think you were next so and we got a microphone for you maybe there thank you to what extent is trade protectionism so for example the classic you know french farmers are protected and keep the prices high so you maintain supply of milk or you know whatever it is if those went away you know ideal world are we a lot better off and how does that happen politically now i think repurposing agricultural subsidies is a huge theme um around the world and it needs to happen still too much of you know europe's giant agricultural cap budget goes to practices that are not sustainable um and the e u to their credit has done has made progress on repurposing subsidies but it's far from being done and this is the same in india and it's the same in the united states and various other markets so that needs acceleration because otherwise again we're creating our own crisis the cap has been litigated in this and other forums since anyone can remember and since it predates many of these international organizations but you're saying it's still a very present danger to the system absolutely absolutely again progress has been made but more progress needs to be made and for example right now the e u is debating fit for 55 which is their co2 reduction target and all the and what plans they need to do to actually meet that target it's all about energy regenerative agriculture isn't even mentioned um so that needs to change regenerative agriculture carbon capture soil and repurposing subsidies towards those practices so it's more it's too much you would you'd say it's too much toward mobility and well we need those things too but if we're going to be net zero which the u has said they will we need agriculture to play a massive role uh third row and then we'll come over here good morning everybody my name is kadeem al-dari i am the chairman of al-dahra agriculture based in Abu Dhabi um what i hear today like what we heard in 2008 and actually in UAE in 2006 we have uh felt the pressure of the important of the food security stability and we are in the region in the middle east where we don't have enough water and we don't have uh fertile land so what we have decided we have decided to to outsource the the product from the globe and we have shortlisted many countries and that short listing based on water availability investment uh encouragement and accessibility what we have seen since then three major factors that really affecting the food security one is availability which is not the case this year the other one accessibility which is more or less what since the pandemic and the third one affordability which extremely the case nowadays i think affordability too not to interrupt but that's what led our process up here you're putting those other two maybe ahead yes but no today the affordability is the issue the case many countries today they don't have and we this is the the challenge that is coming mainly if you look at Sri Lanka Egypt and other countries and African countries they are suffering and there is less of credit facilities to afford or to provide for such hikes and commodities now when this crisis happens we see a lot of government intervention a lot of thought and discussion but what we have done in UAE the government has taken a firm decision long-term commitment and they have lost the private sector to look and opportunities where and how they can mitigate that risk not to happen every year every single countries either rich or poor they have a budget to buy that products but if they have allocated and use that money wisely by vertically integrating or creating sort of in-kind investment in the countries where they are friendly or they are neighboring and they focus their effort to produce and to create solutions sustainable solution this would have not solved the problem but probably it will eliminate when the crisis happened now you know nobody doubts Black Sea um is the main source of grains Russia Ukraine Romania and this part of the world beside the west part of Europe no one has thought this problem would happen and this net availability I cannot blame the farmers the farmers actually the more the victims than anybody else because they have they have put money and they are suffering they are suffering from the energy input cost energy fertilizer but also now they don't have the the room to sell and even they don't have the access to the cash to to harvest or to buy fertilizer so they are in big trouble consumers they really cannot afford today what uh in the price so who to be blamed well so is your question who to blame what what's your question for the panel actually my question my question yeah it is the responsibility on the government to really know exactly how they can mitigate the risk because the problem happens when there are some countries they banned the export so they must be responsible knowing that let me let me ask it in this way and then I I want to get to our next question here maybe it maybe the question is governments try to mitigate risks to a degree sometimes those are beyond their capability so for instance we talk I think in a individual European government context about how the consumer will deal with inflation I mean at a certain point if you're facing a global inflation situation there's only limited levers to pull what what are the levers that to our friend's point should have been pulled I mean if there if we can do a little bit of hindsight here what do we miss I can name one yeah you know we just are emerging from in some parts of world not fully emerging from a global pandemic that's been obviously a multi-year crisis through that pandemic wealthier nations pulled the lever of fiscal stimulus and often targeted social protection in the context of fiscal stimulus in fact those countries put between 25 and 30 percent of GDP into an effort to sustain the economy through the crisis developing countries did about 2 percent of GDP and emerging economies did about six percent of GDP so larger emerging economies so there we're already the lever that they need to pull that they're not able to pull is basically public investment in immediate social protection like everybody took care of their own everyone took care of their own and then these countries and on top of that we now have a global inflation problem that is causing interest rates to go up appropriately but the it's the developing and emerging economies that have the by far the greatest multiple of interest rate increases and therefore even more debt sustainability burdens 60 percent of the developing countries in the world are facing immediate debt sustainability crises at a time when they're also facing a food and fuel crisis so they're missing the lever of social protection which everyone else in the world used to get their populations through a crisis and we and that's a solvable problem but it takes global cooperation and more money let's get here in the second row while we've still got a bit of time here a question thank you my name is Evgenia I'm from Ukraine I'm global shaper I would like to put it this way I'm really surprised how the discussion is going on here because especially on the question of whom to play because we have an answer to whom play because Ukraine is not the country who whom we should blame for that right Russia is invaded Ukraine she is bloke in Russia Odessa and back sea but also I'm really surprised how we are putting the question of whether Russia will be in hunger believe me Russia won't be on hunger there is already an evidence that Russia is stealing the gain in the amount preliminary according to the Ukrainian defense ministry of 400 000 tons of gain so and translated and transported to the siren so you mean sending you mean sending east what we're not seeing coming out of the port or sending west you're saying sending that harvest east that we're not seeing east we are not seeing it it's already on cnn we already have a satellite proves that russian shipping from Sevastopol as the the Crimea itself doesn't have the capacity to make an agriculture in that big amount so basically that's the harvest that was stealing in Ukraine so the cases we have a two million tons of gain now in Ukraine saved in Ukraine but we need to burn it we will need to burn it it will not deliver it somewhere right so don't just think that this discussion should go in a way how we can help Ukraine to deliver it to Africa to Asia to Europe to any other country rather than saying who we should blame because we already have an answer for that and saying whether the Russia will be on hunger thank you i know i think you're absolutely right and food is being used as a weapon of war here which the UN has condemned and we know by who um i i think you're absolutely right we we in partnership need to do whatever we can to create corridors to get the crops out of the Ukraine um and hopefully there will be some sea corridors but in the meantime we need land corridors on steroids and the EU did actually good job during COVID to create these green lanes for food when borders were closed we need something similar urgently to get more land transport out of Ukraine i think i think too what what's being pointed out is the trade point that that harvest getting out of those silos getting shipped to customers which Ukraine has developed that's trade and maybe the alternative to trade is just theft is that it's just you know sent back east look the Ukrainian farmers are very resilient they are tough i visited Hungary about a month ago and i asked whether there would be any possibility to meet with Ukrainian farmers now it was not possible the men are not allowed to come across the border but i met with the families with their wives and they are planting they put on bulletproof vests and they are planting they are planting for a harvest in the western part of Ukraine for for 30 million tons and it struck me our tragic the situation of a farmer is in a war they are always the last to leave because somebody needs to feed the the livestock and give water to them somebody needs to do the irrigation they they always hang on the too long but it anchors a lot of stability in in that region in Ukraine itself we do not get the messages from the farmers who say but but but we are running out of the means to produce we are running out of food ourselves the the crisis with the Ukrainian farmers is that they they cannot get their products out now and they cannot get the the money for for for their products so they cannot afford to buy and i know that a number of the big corporations Unilever lost yesterday we met with some of the captains of industry in the fertilizer and the seed businesses we say that they are sending the one company saying 200 trucks of seed into the Ukraine so that they can go on to plant and this is why i try to put the the light on the plight of those Russian farmers because one of these days the war will be over and then who we need to have a foundation from which to building in we're gonna have to close this out but just to send us home Claire you've got an announcement today coordinated with the world economic forum and maybe send us home with what you've agreed today thank you David i think what we've had today you know from from Raj from Hanukkah from even though the farmers is collaboration and partnership is extremely important we need platforms where collaboration and partnerships can can can happen to find solutions this is where i'm very excited about the the new partnership that we have with the world economic forum with industries such as rubber bank which is a food action alliance a platform that will be hosting in ronda and and co-leading in ronda and that's where we hope to really tackle these issues how do we achieve all these solutions that we want how do we address climate issues how do we address you know farmers and livelihoods how do we bring better prices to farmers all these issues that need to be addressed it's an important platform and i'm really looking forward to the food action alliance that will be responding to this thank you uh thanks to everyone on the panel thanks to everyone participating in the room