 Okay, the broadcast is now starting. Hello, everybody. It's my pleasure to welcome you to what I hope will be a timely and valuable webinar providing an introduction to Prindex and perceptions of tenure security co-organized by Prindex and the Land Portal Foundation. Thanks very much to everybody for joining. My name is Malcolm Childress. I'm the co-director of Prindex and the co-executive director of Global Land Alliance. And it's my honor and privilege to moderate this forum. And it's my first time ever moderating a webinar. So very interested to see how it goes. Around the world, our topic today, insecure property rights are a huge issue that's hiding in plain sight. Insecurity of property rights prevents families from feeling confident about the future. It keeps businesses from investing. It limits the ability of communities to be more productive, to manage natural resources. Hundreds of millions of people around the world lack secure land and property rights. And this problem hiding in plain sight keeps poor people in poverty and perpetuates injustice and inefficiency and misuse of natural resources. Luckily, there is a growing recognition of the need to change the situation. And crucial to this effort is the push to get better metrics on the real situation of tenure security and security of property rights. So that citizens, governments, business and civil society are better able to understand the nature of the magnitude of this challenge and how to overcome it. And I've always noted that the land sector has been at a disadvantage compared to other sectors such as health and education by not having basic indicators and basic numbers about the magnitude and nature of the challenge. And this is precisely why we're here today. The Pryndex Initiative is an effort to measure the citizens' perceptions of land rights and security around the world. Working with Gallup, one of the world's leading survey organizations and in collaboration with national land agencies, statistical offices, we're carrying out surveys of citizens' perceptions of their tenure security. And our objective for this webinar is to make stakeholders around the world aware of the Pryndex Initiative and some of the results and findings and issues in the 15 countries in which we've collected data so far. We see this webinar as a first step in a broader collaboration in which we seek to work together with all of you working directly in countries in which we're collecting data. And we hope that this will be a long-term effort to monitor and see and support change to create greater security. And we hope to be in touch with many of you after this webinar. How we're gonna work, I'll provide a overview presentation of Pryndex and these results from 15 countries and then we'll go into a panel discussion. So let me just introduce the panelists who are on the webinar. We have Alfred Brownell from Green Advocates, Liberia and distinguished scholar at the Northeastern University Law School in Boston, United States. And he's also the scholar rescue fund chair for the Beau Biden Foundation. We also have Ibrahim Aqaa, Doctor of Public Law and Land Specialist for Ipar. The Initiative Prospective Agricultural and Rural of Senegal. We have also Claudia Mondragon, Director of the Territorial Management Observatory at the National University of Honduras. And unfortunately our final panelist, Joanne Caguangia, Coordinator of the Africa Land Policy Center has been called to cartoom on urgent travel and is not able to participate. So we have a filling in David Amia, Pryndex colleague and Director of the International Center for Evaluation of Development to explain our collaboration with African Land Policy Center. We have asked the panelists to address sort of three areas. The importance of citizen perceptions of their property rights on land governance and its consequences to reflect on some of the results from the Pryndex surveys and for their countries and some of the issues in which they are working and in which these new data may be useful. The panelists are experts in the field and in our countries. And we look forward to a dynamic discussion that will help us to find pathways for using Pryndex and to propel conversations about policy and about movement building for policy reform and implementation in countries all over the world. So let me begin with this overview presentation for a few minutes and then we will go to the panelists. We'd like everybody online to encourage you to ask questions, which I think you can type in in the interface and then we will try to address as many questions as possible during the open discussion that follows. I'd like to say we really want to stay in touch beyond the webinar. To get updates from Pryndex on a regular basis, please visit Pryndex.net, our website where you can sign up for our newsletter. And I think we'll be posting a link to that in the chat. And also if you'd like to share your thoughts, please use the hashtag Pryndex webinar and tag Pryndex. Okay, so let me just go into a presentation of some of the results of the initial 15 countries that we surveyed. Pryndex is the short name for the Global Property Rights Index. It's a joint initiative of ODI Think Tank based in the UK, the Global Land Alliance nonprofit based in the United States and supported by UK aid and the Omidyar Network. And I just want to, these first 15 countries and if the organizers can run the presentation on the screen for me, we'll share that. We collected during July to October of this year data in 15 countries. There were 10 of this group in Africa, four in Latin America and one in Southeast Asia and data were collected by survey organizations, Gallup and Crosstab. I just wanna share what I think are some of the key messages in this main area of expression of insecurity, the average across all these countries came out to about one in four people 25%, which represents just in these 15 countries, something around 41 million adults expressing risk of losing their property. On the converse tenure security is 60% on average. The rates varied fairly widely from a high of 44% of adult respondents expressing insecurity to a low of 8%. We ask about formal documentation and the finding is that slightly more than half adults say that they do have some formal documentation by which we mean type of document issued by a government land agency. Well, more than a third indicate they have no documentation. And as I think probably expected, the owners and renters with formal documentation are expressing significantly more tenure security than those without. In terms of the differences between men and women, the average differences when asked just simply about insecurity are similar, but when we drill down into certain scenarios, particularly about the potential of a divorce or the death of a spouse, then women express a much greater worry about being forced out of their homes. And these I think are some of the key finds, I'll go through some of these now. I don't wanna dwell on the methodology, but these were nationally representative samples done face to face with a three stage clustering and then we weighted these by age, gender and urban rural based on census data. The samples were approximately 1,000 to 2,000 in each country and the core question we're asking people about this perception is really in the next five years, how likely or unlikely is it that you could lose the right to use this property or part of your property against your will. So as I noted, we're now gonna just look at some of the main findings. This main, if here we have the 15 countries grouped in geographic sub-cohorts, you can see in the light orange is the levels of insecurity and in the darker, the darker reddish brown are the levels of security. And if you look at the very, we see this Burkina Faso and Liberia on the far left with the highest expressed rates of tenure insecurity. And then we see this variety, we actually had the lowest rate of insecurity in Rwanda. And then you can see some the total sample average on the far right of 25%. We ask about reasons and really the top two reasons given were that the owner or the renter may ask the respondent to leave. And we also saw family disagreements as the second most frequent, but we had quite a wide variety of reasons given. Let's take the next slide. Certainly we see that there is a difference between owners and renters. I think that the nature of rental contracts themselves being somewhat less secure in many cases than owning. And we see in the orange here, the higher rates of insecurity of renters. And I should mention that we essentially classified people of different types of tenure, owning, renting, permission to stay and within ownership. We also ask about several different types. Let's take the next slide. I don't wanna dwell too much here, but in some countries we see higher rates of insecurity among the rural population. In other countries, we see higher rates on the urban population. And in the urban, we see that fairly highly correlated with what we saw in the previous slide about rental. But I think there's a lot to probe into here in terms of differences among countries. And of course, as we gather more countries in the future, we're looking to deepen this cross-country analysis. Next slide. And everybody, this PowerPoint is available on the chat interface as a PDF for download. And here's the result that I mentioned in terms of average perception of insecurity between men and women. There are only two of the 15 countries in which women's expressed more insecurity on average in a statistically significant difference. But if we go to the next slide, we see that women are more worried about losing their property rights in the event of a spousal death and divorce in almost every country and in some places with quite significant difference. So I think that's a really important area to be concerned about. Let's go on. In terms of documentation across the sample of approximately 18,000 respondents in these 15 countries, 54% responded that they do have some formal documentation. 37% said they had no documentation and 8% said they had informal documentation only things like a utility bill or a tax receipt. So really more than a third of respondents have none at all. And this is correlated with their perception of insecurity. Next slide. And now if we just zoom in on the subset of respondents who actually are owners and renters themselves, then we see that actually possession of formal documentations even somewhat higher than the average. Next one. And here is that result then that those, if we're looking at this group, we see quite a bit more security expressed by those respondents who do have formal documentation. And these step graphs represent the percentage of greater security represented by those with formal documentation. Although we see in a few countries at the far right that people with formal documentation actually expressing greater insecurity. Next slide. And we also ask a few questions about other dimensions or other ways of thinking about security. And these, we see also that about 25% of respondents are not confident that authorities would protect them if their property rights were threatened. A similar percentage overall in the sample so they would not know how to defend their rights if they were challenged. And about 36% do not believe that property rights are well protected in their country. Next one. So moving on, these results are really a new, creating a new baseline for policy discussion, for action and research. They're not by any stretch of the means a full story. They're more of an entry point into, I think what's happening at country level. As we take, we need to be complimented by more detailed data at country level to really focus in on policies. Going forward, we're planning to do the similar data collection in over a hundred countries in 2019, putting these questions onto the Gallup World poll and trying to engage with you in our stakeholders in these areas in regions and countries across the world. Okay, so that's it for this presentation. And please download it, please go to the website where there's a report on this. I'd like to now turn to the panelists and let me first go to Ibrahima Ka from Ipar in Senegal. Ibrahima, welcome to the webinar. Thank you very much for joining us today. Can you please talk a little bit about perceptions of land governance and its consequences and what is happening in this area in Senegal? Ibrahima, the microphone is yours. Yeah, thank you, Malcolm. Thank you for the opportunity to participate in this webinar today. Dr. Ibrahima Ka researcher on land security at Ipar, Initiative Prospective Agricultural, a think tank based in Dhaka and working on rural development issues in Senegal and the sub-region. In our experience, a lot of decisions can be taken by communities based on the perceptions. Some communities sell their lands based on the perception they have that their land may no longer be secured. In the very urban land, that is the land that surrounds our cities, land owners prefer to sell their land before it is taken away from the government, which is often happening as a land pressure grow and there is no interest in investing in this land. In Senegal, the land market is forbidden in the legal framework, but the actors produce their own rules in the shadow of the official legal system with the participation of the administration, the local district, the businessmen and brokers. And so co-op perception of tenure security also limits access to land rights by women as they assume that their lands demand will not be genuinely considered according to the rule of the society. In Senegal, most of the parts, most of the part of the country, the practical system is there. So perception can also lead to injustice because when people perceive the jurisdictional system as weak, people, they don't trust it and they will not claim their rights there. They will then really on alternative justice most of the time, but this system can produce unexpected and negative results. That's kind of some ideas that I can give about the perception and its importance. Oh, thank you very much, Ibrahim. And I think obviously a lot of issues to consider in Senegal in terms of the land market itself, this patriarchal system and questions about access to justice within the formal system. Let me now turn to Claudia Mondragon from the National University of Honduras. Claudia, can you also speak to this question about the importance of citizens' perceptions and land governance and the situation in Honduras? And Claudia will be speaking in Spanish and I'll translate for Claudia after each of her. It's a Claudia, por favor. Buen día a todos, muchas gracias por la invitación como universidad y como observatorio. Realmente es un placer para nosotros participar en este webinar y te digo de forma general en lo que respecta los derechos de tenencia Honduras ha tenido avances, pero no lo suficientes para asegurar que el derecho al acceso de tierra se cumplen todos los casos o que los pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes además de las mujeres en general, pues no ven mermado el ejercicio de sus derechos de la tierra. Claudia is saying glad to be here, but really in general terms, Honduras has made significant progress, but not enough to ensure that the rights of access to land is fulfilled in all cases, particularly with indigenous and afrodescendant people and women in general. And in general, these groups are not seeing the ability to see their rights to land actually diminished. Los avances desde la reforma del sistema agrario sobre todo en el año de 1975 se reflejan en los datos de titulación del sector reformado, sobre todo empresas asociativas campesinas con un 14% de los títulos, el sector étnico sobre todo pueblos indígenas y afrodescendientes con 39% de los títulos y el sector independiente con un 46.8% de los títulos, pero el total de la tierra titulada al 2018 representaba apenas un 31.37% del total nacional. Imagínate, y ahora vemos que las mujeres jefas de familia en el periodo estudiado solo fueron favorecidas con el 37.01% de los títulos emitidos. Okay, so Claudia is speaking then about the the titling in Honduras that there have been advances since the agrarian reform of 1975 in which the campesino enterprises have 14% of titles, the ethnic sector, which are the indigenous and afrodescendent people, 39.8% and the independent sector independent landholders with 46%. But out of this, the overall land that's been titled as under title in 2018 only represents 31.37% of the total national properties and the female heads of household actually only have 37% of titles. Claudia, please continue. Todavía pues existen importantes retos y no pueden considerarse totalmente seguro esos derechos tomando en cuenta las amenazas que traen cultivos comerciales, sobre todo como la palma ficana o el extractivismo, refiriéndonos a minas, hidrocarburos, generación de energía, entre otros, estas amenazas al territorio condicionan la adecuada distribución de la tierra el cumplimiento de los derechos de la mujer a la misma y la gobernanza centrada en las personas. Ya que la percepción de actores clave es que la tenencia está centrada en intereses privados en busca de la continua acumulación de riqueza en algunos focos. So she's saying that there are still a lot of challenges and that these rights and particularly talking about the rural areas cannot be considered totally secure, particularly taking into account threats, represented by the expansion of commercial crops, such as African palm and the extractive industries, like mining, hydrocarbon power, and that these are threats to territorial integrity and to the adequate distribution of land, the fulfillment of women's rights and the perception of many key actors is that tenure is centered on private interests who are searching for accumulation for the wealth of a limited minority. En Honduras, además, la amenaza más grande para el ejercicio de los derechos de la tenencia seguros es la concentración de tierras. Por ejemplo, Via Campesina en 2013 establecía que en Honduras la concentración de la tierra en pocas manos es una de las mayores expresiones de exclusión e injusticia social y esta situación afecta tanto a hombres como a mujeres. Pues en 50 años la concentración de la tierra se ha profundizado enormemente. So in Honduras, the greatest threat for the exercise of secure tenure rights is the concentration of land. Via Campesina says that in Honduras the concentration of land in few hands is one of the greatest expressions of exclusion and injustice and that this situation affects both men and women that in 50 years, the last 50 years this concentration of ownership has deepened. En otras palabras, la economía campesina de pequeña escala se ha precarizado al grado que el tamaño de una pequeña unidad agrícola ha reducido enormemente su tamaño de 2.3 a 1.5 hectáreas. Insuficiente esto para asegurar la vida digna de una familia campesina. En sentido contrario, las propiedades de más de 50 hectáreas han mantenido similar número de tamaño pero han aumentado su comparamiento en la tierra agrícola. So basically the small-scale peasant economy has become more precarious and the size of the small agricultural units has gone down from 2.3 to 1.5 hectáreas which is not sufficient for a dignified life for a Campesino family. And in the other direction, properties greater than 50 hectares in Honduras have maintained at the same size or actually increased. Thank you, Claudia, for those comments about the land and property rights security in Honduras. I'd like to switch now to Alfred Brownell and Alfred, can you also speak to this same topic of the importance of perceptions on land governance and its consequences in Liberia? And I think also a little bit of what is this current status with the land rights law that people are I think the international community is very interested in hearing about. Please Alfred, the microphone is yours. Thank you very much, Markham and thank you so much for also sending me an invitation to participate in this webinar. I'm very excited and pleased to join this conversation. I am currently in the U.S. but I previously from Liberia and where I work with green advocates, one of the leading civil society organizations have been on the forefront of trying to address the issue of land and tenure security of local communities. And currently in the U.S. I'm the North East University School of Law where in addition to teaching, I'm also looking at research on the land rights and I've been involved in the initiative trying to design, co-design along with activists from local stakeholders, the Global Land Tenure Security Index but also trying to make sure that we can put land, tenure data and tools through a process of co-design and co-creation in the hands of local stakeholders who will be able to drive the rare reform on the ground because we believe in that when these stakeholders have the tools and the data, they are better much empowered to pursue this process. With respect to the importance of perception covering these consequences. Back to Liberia, when the descendants of ex-slave declare Liberia as the sovereign in the Declaration of Independence, they were clear who the true owners of the land were. They wrote in that secret document and I quote, under the auspices of the American Colonization Society we established our savior on land acquired by purchase from the laws of the soil. And I repeat that from the laws of the soil and they were very clear who the laws of the soils were. But despite the historical accounts that the purchase was carried on the borough of the ground, the question of who legal owns land still remain vague ambiguous and complex rooted in the history and foundation of Liberia. The history and foundation of Liberia. The importance of perception on land governance and its consequences in Liberia can be seen through the early interaction between the ex-slave and the Aborigines. Why the ex-slave imposed a system of land property right ownership based on the Eurocentric statutory practices the Aborigines continue to rely on a system of customary practices as a result of the country when a series of historical conflict over land and natural resources that define the struggles around citizenship, public participation and inclusion. Besides the hysterical land and resource right conflict characterizing the formation and evolution of Liberia. And another importance of perception on land governance and its consequences in Liberia is the fact that the country itself is involved into the two parallel legal processes and formal statutory and informal customary. Most Liberian especially those who live in rural areas as well as slum and squatter communities do not hold a formal Eurocentric or written title. Instead, they hold informal on written or oral traditional title, mainly in rural and urban slum communities based on a system of customary practices and traditions. This perhaps may have influenced the current constitution requiring on article 65 that the Supreme Court should apply both statutory and customary laws, mandating equal treatment of both system and equal footing. In addition to the constitution a number of legislative and supreme court cases have also addressed the question of perceptions ownership and custodial right. This historical trend recognizing informal customary land and property right including the perception of rights have informed several contemporary legislation. In the last four months for example, and this is the case that Magon have made reference to Liberia made history when they passed one of the most progressive land right legislation, the land right act. And despite this historical trend and the judicial attribution related to perception ownership and custodial rights and governance in Liberia has remained in an environment of ambiguity, fraud and false assumptions characterizing the interpretation and the protection of land and property rights especially the customary land and property rights of the Unison Liberia. As a result, successive Liberian governments over time have treated all lands and now privately held under the deed as public. Why ignoring those legal requirements in the award and granting of land concessions or property rights on committed land? This flagrantly and unequally treat the fundamental property rights of communities as inferior to statutory property rights. Given the historical conflict associated with land rights the road that land and natural resources play in fueling Liberia past conflict. The recent and contemporary massive grabbing of customary land and property rights has the potential for creating a perception disruptive online governance and implication for creating instability and undermining the peace and situate of Liberia. Given what I know in my last 20 years was present working in this field. If Liberia ever degenerate into another civil crisis unsecured land rights will be the precursor or catalyst driving and feeding that crisis. The recent Pinterest report, which is actually the tip of the iceberg that a million Liberian feel insecure is troubling in the warning signal. It will be easy for example for all of us to draw coordination that well, Liberia actually pass a progressive land right legislation. But that's all of us know a government can ignore even their own laws and create a processional insecurity with disastrous consequences. Thank you very much, Malcolm. Oh, thank you, Alfred. I think it's very important bringing out the long historical roots, the connection between insecurity of rights and conflict. And I think you're really giving a warning that even progressive legislation is only as good as its implementation. And I really do wanna accept your invitation to co-create a fuller and better picture of the real land tenure situation with colleagues in Liberia that can go beyond just this snapshot, which is quite a troubling portrait. Thank you. Let's come back to you on the next round and to hear more about this. I wanna go back to Ibrahim Aqaa now and Ibrahim looking at the results of the FRIENDEX survey in Senegal. What are some of the results that you see that are notable? Could you comment on those please, Ibrahim? Thank you, Malcolm. The data collection was made by about 1,012 people across the country. The results show that 77% feel their tenure is secured, which is 21% of people do not feel secured, which in the sub-region average, 33% compared to Burkina Faso Senegal is doing better because in this country, 44% of the people feel insecure. This is understandable as the new law passed in 2009 is yet now generalized through the national territory of the 351 municipalities. The law is only applied in 61 communities or municipalities and this is the help of the project financed by donors. We hope that the government will generalize the application of the law soon. So for Senegal, we have some interesting results, others interesting results. 64% believe that property rights in the country are protected. 83% knows how to defend the rights if there is challenge and 82% remain convinced that the authorities will protect them in the events of disturbance of the rights. In terms of worry about tenure security by gender, in the case of divorce or death of spous, 10% of the main and 30% of women are concerned about the laws of their property rights. If spous were to die, 50% of the men and 33% of the women are concerned about the laws of their right. In the part of the country, women do not inherit land at all or if they do inherit the land, they only get one part and the man gets two according to the Muslim religion and the site of the country also. Thank you. Oh, thank you, Ibrahim. Yeah, very interesting. I think that this is a relatively high degree of people feeling insecure and perhaps further implementation of legal reform may be a change that I think is also quite notable at the same time that a large percentage of people do feel that authorities can protect them but also a concern as you note the much higher percentage of women concerned about losing their rights in a family event. And let me go back to Claudia, what would be some of the results that are jumping out to you and of interest to your work in Honduras, Claudia? Gracias, Malcolm. Te comento, en Honduras se levantó una muestra representativa a nivel nacional de 980 adultos de 18 años o más y se les preguntó sobre sus percepciones y experiencias con los derechos de propiedad y la seguridad de la tenencia en Honduras. Okay, so it's a nationally representative sample of 980 adults, 18 and over, that were surveyed in Honduras asking about their perceptions and experience with property rights and security of tenure. El 19% de los encuestados en Honduras pues se siente inseguro de la tenencia de su tierra y sobre todo los departamentos del paraíso y la paz son los que tienen los niveles más altos de inseguridad y esto también se ve reflejado pues en temas vinculados como la migración. Los encuestados en las áreas urbanas se sienten más inseguros en la tenencia que los encuestados en las áreas rurales y bueno, los hombres se sienten más inseguros en comparación con las mujeres. So, 19% of respondents in Honduras feel insecure about their land tenure with the departments of el paraíso y la paz with the highest levels of insecurity. Respondents in urban areas feel more insecure in tenure than respondents in rural areas and men feel more insecure compared to women. El 53% de los encuestados en Honduras dice que posee documentos formales para demostrar la propiedad o el uso de los derechos de al menos de una de sus propiedades. And 53% of respondents in Honduras say that they have formal documents to prove ownership or use to the rights of at least one of their properties. Por otro lado, el 46% de los encuestados en Honduras piensa que los derechos de la propiedad están bien protegidos en el país y el 79% dice que sabe cómo defender sus derechos de propiedad y el 72% confían en el apoyo de las autoridades en caso de que se desafíen sus derechos. So on the other hand, 46% of those interviewed in Honduras think that property rights are well protected in the country. Although 79% say they know how to defend their property rights and 62% say that they can rely on the support of authorities in the case of their challenge. 33% of the sample own their land, 33% rent and 51% are on lands they occupy with permission of the owner. So the reasons for insecurity vary between landlords and tenants. The lack of financial resources and disagreements with family members were the reasons most commonly given regarding insecurity on the part of owners, while the owner asking him to leave and the lack of resources are the most common and the lack of resources are the most common reasons for insecurity among tenants. Okay, let me thank you, Claudia and let's come back to you shortly. Alfred, can we come back to you about some of the results and implications and perhaps limitations of printx data for Liberia? Thank you very much, Malcolm. I'm sorry, I indicated Eleon in my intro on this issue. Concentrate importance of perception and its consequences. The report from Liberia certainly showed that about 43% of the respondents actually felt very insecure in 2018 and Liberia actually plays the second highest out of 15 countries in the region. But may why there's a 50% of those also individuals felt secure about their property rights while 64% said that they possessed some kind of formal documents. 3% indicating possessing informal documents and 30% said that they had no document at all. The report showed that 23% experienced a loss while 70% believed that they are well protected. Another important highlight is that 90% of those interviewed said they know how to defend the Eleon rights. Now, given some of the concerns, I mean, based on this data and based on the Eleon intro in terms of the 10 year landscape in Liberia, I mean, a historical process, you know, were characterized by a series of conflicts around the Eleon. I think, you know, for me, it was the first historical land graph. And then they see what conflict which was actually fueled by land and natural resources. And then doing the peace process in the last 10, 12 years, a massive grabbing of land in the Liberia. So, given my understanding experience of this land right in the landscape of Liberia, it is important to view and analyze these data with current realities. In Liberia, unsecured land rights are one of this, are one of several drivers enabling rural to urban migration, which are facilitated by large-scale land acquisition for logging, agriculture, and mining operation associated with transnational exploration. Most migrants who come from rural communities and poor urban slur, end up in poor urban slur and squadron communities in urban areas that are also characterized by insecure land rights facing constructive potential dispossession and displacement for the second time. In addition to that, just in the last six years alone from Nima to Grand Vasa, Saino, and Maryland County, we've witnessed and observed protests, contexts, and complaints, sometimes violent conflict characterizing the investment operations of transnational operation in 19 of Liberia 15 counties. The government of Liberia respond to these protests have been in the form of criminalization and attack on general community grievances. We've also seen that Liberia has awarded rights to land on a tier of its total land mass. Women, which in series of the reports done from more than 50% of Liberian population are the least-senured secure. In a report that we did two years ago in Liberia called Women the Least-Secured Tenure, it was documented how women had lost access to forest, land, and rivers that formed the basis of their livelihood and sacred sites but did not receive sufficient job or competition to make up for their loss. The report showed that why men faced similar problems. These were exacerbated for women who are primarily responsible for feeding their families but are fewer tenure rights than men on a customer attendant. They were the least-secured. The grabbing linked to dispossession, displacement, and migration which also factor into the least-senured security of women and when you add on the protest and violence exacerbated by criminalization of legitimate grievances, there is a need for caution, ground shooting, peer review, and photo conversation and dialogue around this data. I think this webinar presents an opportunity to begin such a dialogue. Thank you, Alfred. I really hope this is an opportunity for that and I really appreciate the deeper context that you're giving on these national print-ex results and I think I suggest that things may even, in some cases, be worse than what this data are presenting and some of these, I think, importance of these links between what's happening in the rural area and the urban situation. Let me go back to Ibrahim. Can you talk a little bit about what is, how you're using these results for policy discussion in Senegal, Ibrahim? Yeah, thank you Malcolm. Print-ex data is used in the dashboard which is a land governance monitoring initiative developed by International Land Coalition based in Rome. The dashboard is now in a test phase in three countries within the world, Nepal, Colombia, and Senegal. IPAR has the honor to carry out the process and I'm the coordinator. So the dashboard evaluates the national framework through 33 indicators organized around 10, around the 10 International Land Coalition commitments for people-centered land governance. For its commitments, we indicators are proposed, one indicator on the legal framework, one indicator on the implementation of that framework, and one indicator on the perception. So Print-ex is needed wherever the dashboard will be implemented this year or next year. So I think it will be a great opportunity for collaboration between Global Land Alliance and the International Land Coalition to have to work closely together to make it happen. IPAR, as I said, as a think tank based in West Africa can provide help wherever needed. So the main question now we have is Print-ex dashboard, so what? Yeah, the main question is that, so what? Why we are using those tools? So now we are engaging our platform to discuss this issue of appropriation or utilization of the data available given by these tools, so dashboard and Print-ex. So how we can influence the decision makers based on the results that we have using Print-ex and dashboard, evidence policy making, something like that. So in Senegal, we are trying to make the link with our existing platform. We are conducting now the National Engagement and Strategy process with the support of ILC. I'm also the facilitator of this process. So we have also multi-stakeholders platform around the VGT's Voluntary Guidelines on Governance of Tenure and Land Governance which all the stakeholders are involved with the support of FAO. So this platform is led by the government within the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Peace and Organization is there and Ipar hosts the secretariat of this platform. Then we are using all the platform that we have to discuss about the issue of dashboard and Print-ex. We are convening a lot of meetings and all the representatives coming from the government, the civil society and the private sector, all the attendees, they know now about the existing of the tools and we are trying to build advocacy based on the results that we have. Now we want to base the production of the policy on evidence that we are collecting on the field. So what we want to achieve at the end of the day is, as I said, to have land policies that take into account the data collected by the tools such as Print-ex and the dashboard. But it's now early to talk about the results that we have seen this, but it is an ongoing process and we think that before we finish the process we will be able to achieve our objective. Thank you. Thank you very much, Ibrahim. Maybe we can come back in questions to some more of the specifics around that agenda. Claudia, I'd also like to hear from you about how you may be using Print-ex data in your work in research and policy analysis in Honduras. Gracias, Malcolm. Los datos Print-ex en Honduras realmente es que favorecen el conocimiento de las percepciones de población lo que permite tener datos concretos para el desarrollo de investigaciones tanto académicas, procesos de incidencia local, incluso procesos de planificación y gestión territorial. Yes, so the Print-ex data are permitting a growth of knowledge about perceptions from the population and this is providing new specific data for academic research, for processes of local advocacy and even for territorial planning and management processes. Actividades como el bono tecnológico, la asistencia técnica, los seguros agrícolas o el fortalecimiento de sistemas de riego y drenaje, aunque son políticas públicas nacionales pues no han llegado a los grupos campesinos como para fomentar o aumentar su productividad y por su parte el impulso de la agricultura familiar debería de estar orientado a familias en tierras pero deberían crearse acciones dirigidas al sector reformado por lo que consideramos que los datos Print-ex pueden ser una plataforma ideal para conocer estos sectores desprotegidos. Yes, so activities such as technological bonds, technical assistance, agricultural insurance, improvement of irrigation and drainage systems are all, even though these are indicated as national public policies, they have not reached the campesino peasant groups to increase their productivity. This support for family farming should be aimed actually at families without land but actions aimed at the agricultural reform sector should also be created. So Print-ex data can be ideal platform for understanding more about these unprotected sectors. El trabajo de titulación realizado por Elina, que es el Instituto Nacional Agrario, se realiza en coordinación con los líderes indígenas y afrodescendientes y organizaciones que les apoyan o representan como en la organización del derecho etnico-comunitario y la organización fraterna negro-endureña para los garifulans o la unidad de la mosquitia para los mosquitos entre otras por lo que Print-ex podría proporcionar información realmente valiosa y complementaria vinculado a datos de grupos indígenas y grupos afrodescendientes que son mayormente los más desprotegidos. So the tituling work carried out by the National Agrarian Institute is carried out in coordination with indigenous and afrodescendent leaders and the organizations that support and represent them such as the Organization for Ethnic Community Development and the Honduran Black Fraternal Organization for the Garifunans and the Mosquitia Master Organization for the Mosquitos among others so Print-ex could provide complementary information linked to data from these indigenous and afrodescendent groups. Thank you Claudia and maybe we can come back to more of these specifics and questions. Let me just finish this round I'm conscious of time for a broader set of questions but Alfred can you also briefly talk a little bit about how you see these data being relevant for the issues you've described in Liberia? Absolutely Malcolm and thank you so much for coming back again to me and I think just following up on the comments made by Rahiman and also Claudia in terms of how to see that this data could be used with local stakeholders on the ground I think this is certainly where we are seeing that and I mentioned earlier on about one of the most groundbreaking progressive land right legislation. This is probably maybe first of its kind where they elevated customary land right to the same status as property rights and actually recognizing the right of indigenous people whether they have data or no data and so we see exactly how the Pinterest process and the data itself can be used as a major driver to ensure the implementation of this because like I said earlier on it has good implementation. But you see Malcolm Pinterest is just one of several of the global initiatives that is addressing the data and the tools. We have the landmark initiative we have the dashboard which Rahiman referred to by the ILC we have the writing resources, tenure data, we have behind the brand campaign which has been launched by Oxfam and then we have the writing resources, tenure data too we have the SDGs and the ZGGTs. Now the problem with all of these things including Pinterest we have talked about is that a lot of this data, a lot of the analytics that come out can only be found on the internet and we are talking about how we want to ensure the building of a global movement to drive reforms around land to ensure that that happens we have to find a way to empower local stakeholders, activists land right defenders, local communities, indigenous people and development partners who are on the ground, who are in the field making sure that they have this data in their hands, in the process that allow for co-creation and co-designing of these tools, as it is now for example many of these activists many of these local stakeholders who are on the ground, who find it very difficult even trying to just access what the data is all about and how can be other drafted from. I think Pinterest and many of the other data initiatives and tools that are being designed are only going to be meaningful and achieve their results it's a process of co-creation and co-designing these tools to local communities, has in a power process is placed within their hands and this is where for example a lot of my recent work since I have come to the U.S. I have not been involved but I have been involved in this and I am trying to develop a global land tender security index. But this is going to be involved in the co-creation and the co-design of a global land tender security index and with two major goals one would be a person who is trying to measure, rank and score how governments protect the land rights of their citizens especially the vulnerable ones and the second would be to co-create and communicate to put in land data and tools in the digestible format in the hands of local stakeholders to drive policy reform and implementation since most of the land tender data tools are mainly held like I said by international organizations. We can also plan on designing these and making sure that Pinterest and other publicly available data are in a user-friendly format and language so that the local stakeholders themselves are the major drivers of this policy reform and the way we are seeing that is that we want to make sure that it is when local communities and stakeholders are empowered with data because this is what the data is. Most of them were local stakeholders it is that data that has been analyzed it is only when these data translated into digestible format I put back into the hands of these local actors who already see in terms of how this is going to be like and so we have been thinking about a number of initiatives with Pinterest for example we hope we can get a part of this thing starting with for example trying to identify who the local stakeholders are if messaging and composing tools that allow for that making sure that we can follow these processes and part of testing them and then documenting lessons learned so I really believe that it is only to this person of full creation which I think should be the next wave of investment that will now allow local actors to use their own data and tools to be able to have this reform if we don't do that it means that we don't have a lot of these data still that and not having real red events at the grassroots level in the field thank you thank you very much Alfred and I really picking up that phrase co-creation of datas and making data useful by stakeholders let me now go to David unfortunately Joanne Kaguangia from Africa Land Policy Center had the last minute travel obligation and is not able to join us so I'm asking David Amia who is working with Frindex and the Africa Land Policy Center to give some insight into that into into that side of things David the microphone is yours thank you very much Malcolm and we thank Alfred, Ibrahim and Claudia by giving us the country perspective on what Frindex is for and can be useful on the regional level and continental level Frindex is engaging also with regional bodies and international bodies such as the UN Habitats and the Green Project and also the African Land Policy Center ALPC Frindex recognized the importance that these centers regional and international centers pray in ensuring that all land users have equitable access to land and security of all land rights by facilitating effective partnership dialogue and capacity building for participatory and consultative land policy formulation and implementation as well as efficient and transparent land distribution in both customary and staterar delegations ALPC mission in Africa is to assist member states in the implementation of the declaration on land issues and challenges in Africa in accordance with the framework and guidelines on land policy in Africa in order to achieve socio-economic development, peace and security, environmental sustainability and thus contribute to the achievement of the agenda 2063 and the SDG ALPC as an African institution is focused on assisting African union member states and the regional economic commissions in the implementation of the declaration on land issues and challenges in Africa in accordance with the framework and guidelines on land policy in Africa in order to achieve the socio-economic development, peace security and environmental sustainability therefore printers and ALPC are collaborating in three major areas first in monitoring and evaluating of the progress in the implementation of the AU declaration on land issues and challenges in Africa through the monitoring and evaluation of land governance in Africa the MELLA program which support reporting to the AU specialized technical committee on water agriculture and environment to inform the AU summit of the status of land governance in Africa two, in outreach and advocacy on the role of data in driving national policy reforms that expand secure rights for all to help achieve the SDG and the agenda 2063 with particular emphasis on the MELLA and printers and other credible initiatives CRE building capacity of ALPC and network of excellence on land governance in Africa the NARGA members use and disseminate data on perceived tender security printers aim to support ALPC and we are working on the MOU and other initiatives so that we will be able and rapid rate and cost effective rate collect data on perceived tender security in all African countries so far we have 10 15 data that were collected 10 countries in the 15 countries that data have been collected and we are hoping to roll out to many African countries in the second half of this year and also 2019 two, process and analyze the data to provide evidence on perceived tender security and report against key indicators in the declaration and three making data publicly available to help build a data repository at continental level and enable a wide range of stakeholders to use the data on perceived tender security so as Fred as you said that is what we are working on to work with to make the data publicly available and four using regional and global accession data as evidence to drive national policy reforms that expand secure right for all to achieve the 2030 SDG agenda and the African Union declaration five to engage of country level intermediaries and national government to influence policy to provide strong evidence to drive the SDG process and implement the EU declaration and six, work with the African regional commissions and the UNICA entity to support land policy reforms and also work with research community through NARGA to support research on key land issues and lastly but not the least working with NARGA institutions to build capacity to develop undertake and analyze Taylor surveys at country level using the printers as an indicators. It is expected that across an effective cooperation between printers and other continental and regional bodies such as ALPC will support the commitment made by African head of states to poverty eradication with the view to raising the standard of living of people and the well being of future generation and the centrality of land to sustainable economic economic development and growth and also the security of socioeconomic and cultural livelihood of the people in Africa. Thank you David and we're really looking forward to to working with ALPC and the Mellot countries and pretend to be one of the key perception data in the Mellot monitoring framework. The questions are pouring in from the participants and I really appreciate everybody who is raising questions in the webinar. Before I go back to the panelists for some additional remarks let me try to address a few questions. There's one from Brazil if we will be doing Brazil in the next round and the answer is yes in the 2019 we also have some pilot a pilot survey on Brazil that we did which I believe data is available on the land portal question about how can we follow up we would love to follow up with all of you prindex.net has contact information as does the global land alliance website we would be very interested to hear directly from people some questions from India. We did a very large pilot test in India that's representative at the state level and I would be interested to take offline discussions about Karnataka state and implications for the construction sector in general we think that providing these data certainly very interesting to the real estate professionals and construction professionals that I see it as an indicator of the potential security for investment. There's a question from Mike about questions on other asking about other people who have lost if the respondent is aware or has seen land laws we do ask about that and we see that perception of insecurity is much higher I think as we would expect in the for people who have experienced or have known someone who experienced loss of land or other property also another question from John about the are we disaggregating are we asking about community ownership the answer is yes we do ask about what kind of tenure regime so we can do some analysis and we also ask about if they're aware of others in the community losing their rights so I just wanted to take a few of those the question about the availability of the data sets the country these 15 that we currently collected are available for download this is an open data license so you can go on the printex.net website and access the data files and the questionnaire and those are available for use we'd be very interested in the kind of analysis or that people do with these let me go back then for a moment to our panelists I was I think in each case you know people each of the panelists described policy processes in which they're involved and if I could just ask the question to each of them what is really the top priority right now that you're focused on in these policy discussions maybe I could do the same order Ibrahim yes about the multi stakeholder platform and the discussions that you're having there what are some of the top priority issues which you are addressing okay I think I may have lost Ibrahim temporarily Claudia can we take the same oh here's Ibrahim please go ahead okay I say our top priority now is to finalize the analysis of the data that we have in Senegal in order to produce a scientific article and based on the results the other the other step will be to to build the advocacy based on the results in order to target the policy makers I think now we are in how to say election the election is coming soon the presidential election they are coming soon so we wait after the election in order to involve all the decision makers to share with them the result even the parliamentaries and I think also we want as we are intervening in the subregion we want also to reach the other reason to take the results to take the analysis of the results the data we have there and see how to have the same exercise and those countries to involve the government to involve the stakeholders and then to try to yeah to influence the policies based on the results that we have within index and dashboard so in our perspective index and dashboard are linked are linked and then we will render in all the countries that we are where we are intervening ok thank you very much direct dialogue with government officials and parliamentarians Claudia could I go to you with your view on some of the immediate priorities now in Honduras well really in Honduras we have very marked priorities although the legal framework of the country is harmonized of the constitution of the republic of the reformary law of the property law has not managed to generate a better distribution of the land so we have some some very key priorities that even though we are in reform law and the property law these are not necessarily translating into real land access for the population so what's key priority is the need to break the scheme of monoculture in the large-scale investment particularly the palm sector and a different scheme that actually has a territorial development and we will try to empower all of these vulnerable groups of reliable data of information that is objectively and academically so that their struggles are fundamental and not just in the discourse so we want to use these kind of data that are reliable and we have confidence in to empower local groups to be able to engage in these struggles thank you Claudia Alfred I wanted to come back to you conscious of the new land rights act in Liberia and how do you see the sort of key priority right now well I think in terms of Liberia the real top most priority is working on trying to implement the current land rights act and I think the first step in that regard is the whole idea of community self-identification because these are like the other I see two major flash points around the issue of rights is where communities are being disposed by massive land grabbing to the whole idea of community self-identification community customary land areas but also in community customary areas already awarded to concessions in how communities can be able to go and self-identify their customary land area and demarcate those areas and get full recognition by the government of Liberia now I think I need to point out here because I think part of the problems that we see more and more is that it's easier in terms of the struggle that we raised in the last 10 years to try to wrestle and devolve power onto communities but the real problem comes with trying to design how you can implement that and as we've seen for example what has happened with community forestry in Liberia you know where for example it is more so it is a process that is you know driven by private interest and development partners and where they dream from the bottom up is that they serve as an application process if it is not co-created and co-designed by those whose land have been threatened where the data and the tools and empowerment processes are not placed within their hands in the format and the language known to them that will certainly evolve a model that in itself we have to disenfranchise those communities we've seen an example of how that has happened with the community forestry in Liberia we've seen an example of how that happened with community forestry in many parts of Africa and I think really trying to co-design and co-create a self identification process that is driven by the communities that is based on that local governance land tenure system would be to mean the major priorities allowing this to go forward and already in show we have ready to deliver on poverty, on sustainable development on the environment and on tenure so I think trying to allow that to go forward would be very important after question the other stuff I see for example is the whole idea of making sure that not just being read like I said earlier on but all these other initiatives I think there should be an effort now to go and see how we can move some of these tools with these very good initiatives that are internet based that are in the archive that are in the different database available online how we can now start develop them in digestible format and making sure that those tools and the data are actually available to those who are in the front line because if they have those tools available in the front line they can better drive and decide the kind of reform they want to see happening so for us these are like the two major kind of priorities we want to see implementing the act making sure that the seven navigation process is co-treated and co-designed with those whose land have been threatened and then making sure that all of these other tools have been developed by these different initiatives they've been read, they've learned by the dashboard and others are also available to all of the stakeholders globally around the world Thank you very much Alfred and I certainly hear from each of the panelists a real need to go from to actually put the teeth into the implementation of laws that deliver for citizens on the ground whether it's a grand reform legislation in Honduras land legislation in Senegal or the self-identification process in Liberia and I think this idea of having continual monitoring and making data on these things available all stakeholders accountable through data and this idea of democratization of data is something that we're all very interested in I'm very glad to see that 64 attendees are going the whole distance with us I have several more questions coming in from participants let me try to take those before we wrap up I want to repeat that the dataset is available on the printex.net website along with the questionnaire and code book in standard statistical software welcome to download that and it can be used on a creative commons basis we just are asking for attribution and to not change anything in the dataset obviously in the use I have a question about ideas for conducting qualitative research on this question of perceptions I certainly think that the work we've done and in the pilots in which particularly the 2017 three country test has a number of insights about the different ways that we try to measure these perceptions I think there's also some very interesting growing academic work on perception from off the top of my head Van Gelder also from Ben Linkow and I think those I'd also be glad to follow that up offline as a question about informing work on intergenerational transmission of land we're not addressing that in too much detail the one area that we ask about as we saw in the presentation was about women's feelings, perceptions of security in the event of death of a spouse and we also have some question about inheritance so but I wouldn't say we have a deep understanding of intergenerational issues I am seen other question just reading through okay I think then I'm just going to leave it at that we definitely invite you all to visit the printx.net website we would like to also invite you to sign up for our mailing list this is the first 15 countries there are 18 more countries where data is being collected in fact it's wrapping up as we speak and we are working finalizing arrangements to go into the field with Gallup on the world poll in 107 more countries in 2019 I would like to finalize by giving a huge thanks to our panelists today Ibrahim Aqa from Ipar in Senegal Alfred Brownell from Green Advocates at Northeastern University Law School Claudia Mondragon from the territorial observatory at the National University of Honduras and I'd like to give a major thanks to our supporters at UK aid and Omediar Network and particularly to the LAN portal that has made this whole webinar possible and I would like to definitely invite everybody to visit the LAN portal it literally is a portal into an amazing richness of country data there is a printx site there also which also covers our pilots thank you very much to everyone and we will close with that