 Byddwn i'r bwysig yw'n gweithio i arddangos fel y cyfaint yn cynhyrchu, gan ychydig i ddim ymhleithio ar ôl gyffinio yma i gael cyfaint ar gyfer opportunities. Rydych chi'n gweithio i fynd i erioed o'u gymhau 30 ymylgen yma, ac ac hanes yna ddim o'r thirio o'r ffordgyntafol i'r ffordd. I'm really very excited by the possibility of a whole lot of new work and in fact new people who will be doing this work hopefully for many years to come. So anyway, I just wanted to start by saying a few words about the background to this. In the past, I think archaeological research into the late racial paleolithic has been very much dominated by studies of caves and rock-shelter sites. Let's get this working. New technology for me. Is it arrows down? Sorry. So, just to say that this is a tradition, of course, that is very much as a result of wonderful work done by people like Dorothy Garrett, the first female professor of archaeology at Cambridge University. And she undertook a major study of the apocaleolithic in 1926, but it was published in 1926, but it was completely dominated, of course, by cavesites. And this work was continued by John Campbell, seen down at bottom right, who published a very useful review in 1977 covering the early and the later apocaleolithic of Britain and published by OUP. And I claim to have some small contribution to this. In 1986, Simon Colcutt and I undertook a major survey of cave sites for English heritage and cadw at that time. And we were able to show that out of 120 sites or so that we visited that were targeted of interest that 80 of them contained evidence of paleolithic activity. And this, of course, was followed by subsequent survey and excavation work. I've only mentioned some examples here that many others, but ones in the Tornewton Valley, in the Wye Valley, in South Wales, Stephen Green, Creswell Craggs, and also particular studies of lake glacial sites, lake glacial cave sites like Ross Cave, Caverland and so on. So as a result of this, we know quite a lot about the caves and rock shelters of Britain. And, of course, we also owe a great debt of gratitude to Roger Jaffregl, who produced some absolutely fantastic work and was a great colleague and a friend. And he was able to show that through a magnificent dating programme that he carried out by Tom Ion and others at Oxford, he was able to produce a large number of radio carbon dates on modified bones from caves and rock shelters. And I think he's generated one of the best chronologies or chronological records of the lake glacial period, probably anywhere in Europe. And this is some of the examples here, King Arthur's cave on the left-hand side. There's more work being undertaken here that we might hear about today in the Mgol's cave. But this conference, this day meeting, is primarily about open-air sites. And I think as a result of the focus, our focus on caves and rock shelters, we tended to play down or give less attention to open-air sites, unfortunately. And this is rather surprising in a way because as a result of a survey that Simon Polkot 9 carried out, in fact, we only identified 63 lake glacial caves in England and Wales. And as we know now and we probably knew then, there were many, many more open-air sites of the lake glacial period dating to between about 15 and 11,700 calibrated years ago. So it's always been known that we've got huge numbers of open-air sites, but they've really been a sort of poor relation of the cave sites. And so this meeting really is to try and redress the balance and just to remind ourselves that in areas where we don't have caves and even in areas where we do have caves, we also have large numbers of open-air, finer spots. And of course we shouldn't really be surprised about this because the majority of sites from this sort of period in Europe are open-air sites. They come from major river valleys of the Rhine and the Somme and the Seine. And if you just look at the distribution of those sites, you will see that it really ought to come as no surprise because we've got a good land bridge connection at that time with Europe where there ought to be sites many more open-air sites to be discovered or shall we say to be properly reported in the east of Britain. So one of the objectives today is to sort of, as it were, highlight or to showcase some of the sites that have recently been discovered, these equivalents of these three buses that you waited very long time for them to roll up and these are three of the sites that will be mentioned today. But really what I'm hoping for, apart from a good discussion and understanding of these particular sites, is to think about context. For example, we can suggest a number of themes for today's meeting and I hope everyone will get involved and feel free to contribute in the discussion if there's a lot of time aside for discussions. And one of the things I hope that we can look at is how the landscape influenced human behaviour in the last place you'll be. We can look too at this question of the functional relationship between caves and open-air sites, something that hasn't really been looked at in enough detail yet. And we're lucky enough to have some people here who are working on very big projects, both in Britain and Europe. So the map taken from Vince Gaffney's group, work on the submerged landscapes of the North Sea and we have very big terrestrial surveys that have been undertaken by Philip Crombey. And we hope to hear more about those today and lessons that can be learnt in Britain from these bigger projects. And finally, I suppose to think about future management and conservation issues affecting the last glacial archaeology. How do we serve the interests of the major stakeholders involved in long-term research and also in preservation of these very landscapes? So these are some of the things that I hope that we can develop and discuss in this meeting to think about the future but also to think about landscape in a much more general sense than perhaps I've done in the past by looking at individual sites. So, although we're ahead of time, I think it would be good at this point to hand, if I could hand over to Matt Hope, who will be chairing the next session which will involve two papers. So thank you very much.