 mesenchymal stem cells, MSCs, have been studied extensively for their potential use in treating various diseases. Their unique properties such as differentiation, trophic, and immunomodulatory capabilities make them attractive candidates for therapeutic applications. However, one of the main challenges with master of science therapy is the lack of engraftment, which limits its effectiveness. Intraterial delivery has been shown to increase engraftment efficiency compared to intravenous delivery, thereby reducing the risk of lung accumulation. Additionally, targeting MSCs to specific organs is being explored, which could further enhance engraftment and efficacy. Finally, future improvements in targeting and delivery methodologies are expected to improve engraftment, extend the duration of efficacy, and reduce the effective master of science therapeutic dose. This article was authored by Thomas J. Keane, Paul Lynn, Arnold I. Kaplan, and others. We are article.tv links in the description below.