 Carbon nanostructures, CNSs, are promising materials for use in antimicrobial applications due to their unique mechanical, electronic, and biological properties. Recent research has focused on understanding how CNSs interact with microbes to determine their antibacterial potential. This research has shown that CNSs can exhibit both physical and chemical effects when interacting with microbes, which can lead to synergistic effects that enhance their antibacterial activity. This article was offered by Ahmed Al-Jamali, Serjith Alancheri, Kateryna Bazaqa, and others.