 I am Dr. Rashmi Singh, Assistant Professor of the Department of Education, Assistant Kharana Girls' Tree College, University of Palawad, and it is my email ID. And for further update, you can kindly join my telegram group, Explore Education. The lecture will be in bilingual mode and will be useful for certain teaching examinations. And today I am going to discuss a very important topic in the field of psychology, in the field of personality, especially, that is, Rasha inkblot test. And do subscribe my channel too. So let's start. What is this? Rasha inkblot test. In Hindi, Rasha Siahi Dhabha Balisha. Whenever we read personality, then the measurement of personality does not end on personality. So how is the measurement of personality done? Because the measurement of personality is very difficult. Because we generally tell the same thing to the person in front of us, which we think are socially desirable facts. We tell you something like this, which we are doing against norms, because we are afraid of being damaged by our image. We cannot direct our personality through interviews. Questions cannot be answered by God's personality. I have already made a video for personality projective test, measurement of personality through projective test. So please if you see it, you will get an outline from there. Today, especially Rasha inkblot test, which I have already read in TAT, that it is very interesting and it can be a matter of a little bit of interest for my students. So I would like to make a video on it. So this is my effort in that field. So first of all, what is Rasha inkblot test? If we want to know its introduction, then in one line we can say that the Rasha inkblot test is a projective psychological test. That is, it is a psychological test, but what kind of technique is it in the projective? If I tell you the projective in one line, then it is a projection of the individual or the subject. Whose inner feeling? Because when we directly ask him, he might not be able to tell us. So from the objective test, the objective test is the projective test. For the projective test, you will hear the last video. Consistency of 10 bilaterally symmetrical inkblots. How many inkblots do we get? How many cards do we get? We get 10. And the most important thing is bilaterally symmetrical. I mean, there are two parts. I mean, one part is exactly the same as the other part. Then printed on cards, it is printed with cards of which some are black and others will contain applications of color. I mean, some are slightly black and some are colorful. Created in 1921, it was created in 1921 in the publication of Psycho-Diagnostic by Hermann Rorschach. Hermann Rorschach published it in 1921. In the name of him, it is called Rorschach inkblot test. So you can use this word for the process of inkblots, which is in 1947-1960. It is old, but still, when it was published in 1947 and 1970, it was the fourth and the first. In 1947, it was the fourth and the first and respectively most frequently used psychological test. So the most popular is the most popular is the one published in 1960. It was not originally intended to be a projective measure of personality. It was not intended to be a projective measure of personality. It was not intended to be a projective measure of personality. Instead, it was meant to produce a profile of people with schizophania. This is a kind of mental disorder, schizophania. So it was made to know the profile of the people with schizophania. This test was designed to look for patterns of thought disorder inside schizophania. This is why it was designed to look for patterns of thought disorder in schizophania patients. And it has evolved to include other areas like personality, emotional disorders and intelligence. And it has made some other areas similar to the one in which your son is, your son-in-law is, your son-in-law is disorder and intellect. So it was not intended to be a projective measure of personality. But today we use it only for projective measures of personality. And it attained peak popularity in the 1960s when it was used to assess cognition and personality and to diagnose certain psychological conditions. So in 1960, it was used to assess cognition and personality and to assess certain psychological conditions. So this is its production. There are some special things. Harman Roshan sir has made 10 bilaterally symmetrical lists of cards and he has made 19 in equism. And mainly it was not meant for projective tests. Mainly it was meant for schizophania. But now we use it more for projective tests of personality. There is history. If we want to know its history. How did it come from? How did it evolve? How did it evolve? So what Harman Roshan sir was, he was very interested in a game since childhood. From childhood, Harman was interested in a game called Klexo-Graphy. He was very fond of Klexo-Graphy. Which involved creating in-blots and creating stories at points above. In which we wanted to make something out of him and then write a story about him. He liked this game so much that his peer group, his friend who was his friend sir, called him by the name of Klexo-Graphy. Then inspired by his favourite game and its studies of Sigmund Freud's dream symbolism. But he liked this game very much. Then he read Sigmund Freud's dream symbolism. Then what did he write? Harman Roshan developed a systematic approach to using ink blots as an assessment tool to evaluate cognition and personality and to diagnose certain psychological conditions including schizophrinia. This game was played since childhood. Then he read Sigmund Freud's dream symbolism. Then he found out why we are not using ink blots, which is a systematic approach to developing towards a personality like Napa, which has a similar personality as Napa. And we can diagnose such psychological conditions as schizophrinia. Then Harman's interest in perceptual operations continued to what people saw more than in the context of those judgments. He began working in a psychiatric hospital and experimented with 40 or more ink blots for his patients blots for his patients between 1917 and 1920. Look, even if you talk about Simon Fry or Rasha, these people were studying on patients. That's why its criticism is that you can't generalize it because they didn't study on a normal population. But it's so special that you can't ignore it. At that time, this psychiatric hospital was working. They saw how our student subject, the individual, was perceiving things and working on perception. At that time, they were working on a 40-inch blot for which they were working between 1917 and 1920. Ultimately, they selected 15-inch blots. Then, they selected 15-inch blots because these 15-inch blots are the most optimal, the most suitable for evoking and distinguishing personality characteristics. They thought that these are 15-inch blots for evoking and distinguishing personality characteristics. But at that time, they didn't get any publisher to publish them. So, a publisher was very lucky to get it. He said that he won't print 15-inch blots, but at least 10-inch blots. So, they cut out 15-inch blots and today we get 10-inch blots in the form of 10-inch blots. Later, her men revised this ministry and included only 10-inch blots. After her publication, she died very little. That's why we couldn't find any other version of her. So, we could find a lot of her blots. Rasha was not the first to suggest that a person's interpretation of an ambiguous scene might reveal hidden aspects of that individual's personality. If we want to see a psychological aspect, Rasha was not the first to say that we are an ambiguous scene. If we want to see a clear scene, if we want to show it to a person, we can show the hidden aspects of her personality through her interpretation. The person who is hiding the blots doesn't want to tell us. But she will tell us indirectly and I will tell her how she is doing it, what she is seeing, what she is seeing, what role she is playing. So, we can understand this through that interpretation. So, Rasha was not the first to tell us this. Alfred Binay, who is the father of intelligence testing, Alfred Binay also experimented with the idea of using ink blots as a way to test creativity and originality planned to include ink blots in his intelligence test. Alfred Binay thought that he could test creativity and he was thinking and planning for the first time that he will keep ink blots in his intelligence test. But he would have advised him later if he had a question. In what form did he test his intelligence test? So, this is his history. Look at this. These are the 10 cards that are shown on the subject. He asks what is written in it. So, he has given you the popular responses that if the card 1 is shown, then the popular response is about butterfly or death. So, the popular response is about the interpretation. But if someone has not told us anything about it so far, then it is shown in the interpretation. Now, Rasha's interpretation is the toughest one. Okay, then card 2, look at this. What does this guy look like? So, what is the popular response? Two humans, four legs, animal, dog, elephant, bear. Some people will think that there are two men here who are sitting on their feet. Some will think that there is a animal. Some will think that there is a dog, a elephant, a buffalo. So, this is his common response. Then card 3, what is the popular response? Two humans, two humans. It feels like there are two men playing something. I mean, we feel that you can feel something else. And his perception is so different that some individual perceives a white portion, perceives a black portion, perceives a middle portion, perceives a shade portion, perceives a color portion. It is very, very, very common. Now, we will go ahead. Then card 4, the popular response is that there is animal-high, there is skin. Or card 5, like there is a bat, there is a butterfly, there is a death. Card 6 has animal-high skin, there is a seven. There are human heads and faces. Similarly, there are animals. Not cat or dog, there is a four. Hmm. In card 9, there is a popular response that there is a person, there is a card 10, there is a crab, there is a spider, there is a rabbit. I mean, this is his popular response. See, generally, people make this. But no one can tell you anything. So, this is the burden of his imagination. Then administration. How will it be administered? If we want the law to apply to all our students, then what can we do? We can't do that. Why? Because we have to be trained for it. Because without training, we cannot interpret. Whatever the child tells us, what is the interpretation? What is the purpose of it? That's why training is needed first. Then how does administration happen? Present. First of all, the card is presented in front of the student. The examiner will give the subject one card at a time and ask, what might this be? The examiner will give the subject one card at a time. He will ask, what might this be? Then respond. The student will give the subject one card at a time. He will give the subject one clear. The subject must be informed earlier that he or she is free to interpret the MEGOS image however you want. First of all, we have to tell you that whatever is coming in your mind, you don't have to think or say anything. We don't have to say anything. Whatever you see, you have to say. So, it's their response. Then what do we have to do? We have to call the examiner. Record. Examiners have to record each and every minute detail of the exam. Like the time taken in responding, emotional expressions and everything. That means, the examiner who was writing this, he told us that he has to see how much he is troubled in understanding it, whether he is happy, or how much time he has taken, whether he has taken immediately, or whether he has taken a lot of time and responded to it. How emotional expressions, everything has to be noted by the examiner because everything has a role and an interpretation. Then confirm. Examiners must show each card to the examiner one more time to confirm this statement and check the discrepancy if any. That means, you have told us once that we have to show the examiner again and then show the card to the examiner and see whether he has already told or something is different. So, it takes a lot of time but it takes about an hour and a half to complete his administration. I mean, after showing 10 cards, he has to respond to it and note it down. At least, it takes almost an hour and a half. Okay. Then, sorry, I am sleepy this time. So, content. I mean, you have shown the card to the student, to the subject, to the individual. What does he see in that content? I mean, what content does he see? Either he can see the whole human, the whole human being who is showing it, or there can be a detail of the human which is called HD. HD can be an incomplete human form. I mean, he thinks that he is a human but his nature is not complete or incomplete. Either there is a human detail but it is fictional or mythological. I mean, the characteristics in mythology and the fictional, the hand actually, he can see. Or animal detail, he can see some kind of animal. Or sex. Anything involving sex, audience or activity of a sexual nature. He can see anything. What is he perceiving? Then nature, he feels anything astronomical or weather related. I mean, whether it is a cloud or a mountain or a river or something like that. I mean, he sees things like that. So, he has made so many categories that he generally answers in so many categories. The subject shows the whole human, the human in complete form, the mythological human, the animal, the sex, the nature. Or the nature. Okay, then location. Location means that he is locating something and telling it to see what it is actually. The location refers to how much of the inkblot the patient used to depict an image. For example, if you look back, you can see his picture here. Like this. What is he seeing? It is also possible that someone perceives the black portion, someone perceives the white portion in the middle, someone perceives the one who is leaving the middle and the one who is leaving the middle and the one who is leaving the middle and the one who is leaving the middle means that anything it can be. Okay? This. W. Means the whole inkblot was used to depict the image. That means the subject who has made an image of it has written that he has taken the entire inkblot. Then what is he seeing? Or what can be done? D. Commonly described part of the blot was used. That means that he has made so many things and he has made so many things. He has made all his records, all his paintings. So, then he knows that this is a commonly response. So, or he perceives that portion which is generally low perceived. Or D.D. Uncommonly described part. Means that someone has answered on a blot that someone has never given. Or he has given very few people. Rarely does anyone give. So, he takes the uncommonly described portion and takes the location. Or S. The white space in the background was used. That means that the place, space, the space that is left after that black space is perceived as individual. So, S. So, in this way, we locate any student who can locate the ink blot in the form of which image? Whole or commonly described? Or uncommonly described? Or left to right? So, it is there. Okay. Then, determinant. But the most complex aspects of schooling in the Russia test, there are five. Oh, five. There are five identified yet broad categories of ink blot determinants that the patient could be less wanted to. Means, how can this be described? Repo-pati-n, you. Either he is looking at the form. What is its form? What is its image? Or movement? Which direction is it going? Is it going here? Is it going here? Is it going there? Is there any movement going on in it? Or we are focusing on color. We are focusing on chromatic, or chromatic. Or on the colorful portion, or the black and the white. Or shading. So, the role of the patient is perception. We are focusing on texture, dimension, and diffusion. Or we have a pair, which is literally symmetrical. So, we are focusing on the pair or the reflection of its shadow. Means, anything it can be. That is why its scoring and its interpretation is very difficult. How did the patient perceive it? And how can we interpret it and tell you how your personality is? You know, criticism. It is very good, very unique. And if it is so exciting, we will say, apply a lot of tests on us. How is our personality? Because we want to go our own way. We do not even know our hair. We want to go about personality. After coming here, we get an idea. A little bit. So, but its criticism is also very important. Why? First of all, its multiple scoring system. Means, scoring is easy. The test is that you apply and you get the result. You get the certificate. And no one can get the result. Means, it cannot be easily done. But here, all the training courses go to interpret raw shine plot. So, the multiple scoring system, it was before 1970. Before 1970, there were as many as five scoring systems. So, there were five types. The main thing was, how will the scoring be done? That differs so dramatically that they essentially referred five different persons of the test. And they were all different from each other. It was like five versions of this test. But in 1974, John Exner published a comprehensive new scoring system that combined the strongest elements of the earlier system. Means, the five types of scoring system were the strongest elements of it. So, in 1974, John Exner made a comprehensive new scoring system which is now standardised. And it is the same. The Exner scoring system is now the standard approach using the administration, scoring and interpretation of the raw shine test. Other than this, lack of reliability. There is no trust in it. Today, what we see in a student is the consistency in this course. That means consistency in my response. But today, I am in a good mood. I will look good in a student. Next time, when you come in front of me and you go in front of your students, they will be in some other mood. They will learn from you. I mean, you can't say that today this test is applied to you, the percentage is coming, so how will you talk about it now? You can't. Then, poor validity too. It is not just a percentage. It is also a little creativity. It is also a little creativity. For example, you have said such things that no one has ever said. So, this is a novel way. So, creativity is also a little intelligence. That is why its validity is also poor. When we know that this is a good psychological test, good validity, good reliability, good validity, objective, these three things are lacking. So, in this way, it is a good psychological test. But even then, in the opinion of a person, Russia is a very important and very youthful and very popular SD. And there is a lot of questions in theory, maybe, in your objective. Okay. Thank you. Don't forget to like and subscribe my channel and to find this channel on Telegram, scan to join Explore Education and you can join my Telegram group to get learning materials. You can ask your query and write me feedback too. Okay. Done for my side.