 The development of efficient and economic technologies for electrochemical water splitting is important for sustainable and pollution-free hydrogen, H2, production, and various green energy systems such as photoelectrode devices, solar cells, thermoelectric devices, triboelectric nanogenerator, pyroelectric device or electrochemical water gas shift device have been developed recently to efficiently decrease. External power consumption. This article was authored by Xiaoli, Lily Zhao, JUNU, and others.