 Friends, after knowing the various pests of sugarcane and its damage symptoms, let us see how best one can manage these pests by using various methods like cultural methods, physical methods, then biological methods and also incorporating some of the biopesticides. And lastly, when it is required the chemicals which are specific chemicals against target insect pests. In integrated pest management, culture practice they are very much important sugarcane ecosystem wherein which actually plays very important role. So removal of the previous troubles, deep plowing and intercultural operation and tamly irrigation, these are the some of the culture practices that has to be allowed to minimize the pest incidents and also at the same time to increase natural enemies including the fungus. In case of beetles that is root drops, so one has to take care at early itself and immediately after emergence of these beetles, they are going to feed on this neem tree and one has to correct and destroy as well one can use some light wraps also. Resistance varieties it is one of the important component in integrated pest management program. In case of sugarcane, there are various good number of resistant or tolerant varieties against each pest. So for early shoot borer, there are few important cultivable varieties likewise recently for early feed there are important resistant varieties released from Karnataka that is SNK series 44, 61 and also 74. In case of early shoot borer, earthing up it is one of the important practice to be followed thereby actually can reduce its infestation very effectively and wherever you find the problem of termites and also root grubs, one should apply the rotten format manner otherwise it is going to cause again much damage by enhancing the multiplication of termites and root grubs in that system. Avoid the high application of nitrogenous fertilizers which are going to attract the number of sucking insects like pyrilla, woolly aphid and even sometimes these borers also. And for early shoot borer management or water management system, so irrigate the crop at closer intervals thereby you can reduce the population of this early shoot borer, detrashing it is one of the important cultural practice and which actually eliminates or reduces the population of scale insect mealy bugs and also woolly aphid and to some extent all the stock borers. And wherever possible intercropping system should be followed like onion, garlic, coriander so it is going to keep away the some of the insect pests especially these shoot borers and do not retain the water shoots which are going to attract the all the insects both sucking insect pest and also the borers hence one should periodically remove these water shoots in a sugarcane ecosystem. And always practice deep harvesting which actually helps in the destruction of the stables and as well you can maintain the or reduce the population of insect pest during next season. And trash mulching immediately after planting which has also one of the important practice can be followed thereby you can increase the natural enemies and which naturally means going to reduce the pest population especially this early shoot borer. In case of woolly aphid wherever the problem of woolly aphid is existing there one can practice paired row system of planting thereby it going to reduce the population. And wrapping of the canes all along the rows it also reduce the woolly aphid population and propping the canes to especially to prevent lodging due to this stock borer and also even sometimes it also prevents the attack from the some of the rodents. So there are a few physical control practices can be adopted in sugarcane ecosystem for termite management first locate this termitoria and destroy the queen from that termitoria and set up the light traps for attraction of white crabs at early season thereby one can collect and kill these white crabs and adults can be even collected from other sources like neem trees at early stage that during early season of the crop. And this detrashing especially at 1 50th and 2 10th day after planting really it helps in the reduction of measure of the sacking insect pests especially this woolly aphid and also the scale insects some of the mechanical practices like collection of egg mosses and also the destruction of some of the affected plants can be practiced and even one can install some of the light traps which are available and even if they are not available one can put the available lights in their fields those that it can attract many insect pests especially these peatles and also sometimes even some of the leptopteran pests also use the pheromone traps for monitoring and by installing this yellow sticky traps as well you can bring down the population of woolly aphids and also white fly. At planting time set treatment or cold water treatment it is also going to help to reduce the early shoot borer and if it is in area where the problem of this scale is there or white fly or sometimes even mealy bug is there so as well you can practice this hot water treatment. Then for rodent control as well you can put these some of the snap traps to bring down the population of these rodents and there are some agronomic practice that can be followed for the management of this woolly aphid and wherever the woolly aphid population is high in those areas try to avoid the planting of sugarcane under tree or surrounding tree. So it is going to act as site of source for this woolly aphid and also inter cultivation is one of the important practice to be followed in sugarcane ecosystem to bring down the many insect pests sugarcane ecosystem is one system so it accommodates many natural enemies both parasitides, predators and even some fungus also. So those biogenes can be encouraged by conserving them by adapting suitable agronomic practices and by applying these safe and green insecticides. So that is one important parasitide in case of pyrella and these can be encouraged to one has to prevent burning in the field so that because it contains lot of the apricania eggs and if you burn it it is going to destroy the entire population. After conservation augmentation is one of the important practice biological control practice can be adapted in case of sugarcane there are many parasitides and predators which are commercially available by using those parasitides and predators one can bring down the population of these stalk borers especially the inter node borer and also top shoot borer and even including early shoot borers. Recogroma kilonis it is one of the important parasitide this can be released in the sugarcane field at rate of 20,000 per acre at 10 days interval for 6 times and likewise the epians can be used for the management of termites and root crops. Again in continuation of the augmentation of some of the natural enemies one important natural enemy which is available for the management of pyrella that is apricania melanolica which is available commercially and some of the university and even some of the private agencies they are also producing these parasitides these can be used for augmentation purpose. For control of sugarcane woolly aphid we have very good number of parasitides and also predators defa fidora and micromas which are available in plenty number in sugarcane ecosystem these can be encouraged and at the same times these can be multiplied and released in the sugarcane for the management of this woolly aphid. So after following all these cultural practices biological practices and if required then one can go for the suitable control measures with chemical control there are number of chemicals which are available against each best these chemicals can be used for the management of insect pests whenever they are necessary. Okay friends in case of sugarcane one should follow the good practice of agriculture because in sugarcane it is very difficult to manage the insects with chemical control because going inside the canopy it is very difficult hence one should follow the other methods of pest control whenever it is necessary one should go for this chemical control thank you.