 Thanks. So just to give a run of show, we're going to have an opening talk by Professor Terry Sunderland, who's going to give an overview of the many ways that trees and forests can contribute to food systems. And then we're going to hear from three distinguished panelists, giving different perspectives from different parts of the world on how forests and trees already contribute and can contribute more to our food systems. Then we're going to have a question for our panelists, followed by question questions and answers that we're going to be taking from the audience. So please put your questions in the Q&A box. Vito, can you go to the next slide please? Thanks so much. So we have, I think, a small correction here, one of our speakers was going to be speaking in French, and he has graciously agreed to give his talk in English, because we were having some trouble with the interpretation function. And so thank you so much for being willing to give your presentation in English. And I think that's it for the housekeeping details. And I think we can go straight to Professor Terry Sunderland. Thank you, Amy. That's a nice introduction. Can we have the first slide please? There we go. So I'm going to talk a little bit about some of the evidence that's been generated, looking at how forests and trees play very much an integral role in food security nutrition and sustainable food systems, particularly with reference to the tropics. Next slide please. The global food system is currently, let's be described in many ways, but I think the term that often resonates with me is it's a somewhat broken food system. We're producing very successfully more food than we ever have before in human history. And as we're here, that's mostly focused on calories rather than diversity. And a lot of that food we know is wasted. There's also vast inequities in the distribution of food in terms of food sovereignty. It's not going to help to either a daily feast or famine. And the distribution of food is extremely equitable on a global basis. It's been a strong dietary shift from more diverse plant based diets with complex carbohydrates to more commodity crops. We know about this is going to be talked about in this session with a stronger emphasis on meat production and more refined carbohydrates. And actually our food systems have become very simplified and this has a huge impact on nutrition overall. And these dietary transitions as we're seeing them rapidly change because of increased purchasing power urbanization and the need to feed ever growing urban populations from ever dwindling if you like rural resource. Next slide please. Thanks for the text of dietary simplification. I'm sure others will touch on this. We're not doing so well in terms of maintaining diverse nutritious diets on a global scale. As I mentioned, there's feast or famine, a billion people are classified as hungry and one to two billion people are classified as overweight or obese. So you have this sort of dichotomy if you like in the food system. Our agricultural system is a major driver of environmental degradation. And essentially, we are simplifying only our diets but also our landscapes, and these landscapes become increasingly vulnerable to environmental shocks, climate related pester diseases, market forces, etc. And this is also obviously problematic. Next slide please. So in terms of the environmental impacts I've just touched on the nutritional impacts. So we know that agriculture expansion is responsible for 40% of permanent forest loss. So permanent forest loss means that forest will not be transformed or allowed to regenerate in any way. And this is a permanent transformation to commodity crops, particularly oil palm, soy cattle, etc. So the vast amounts of the world's freshwater is used to support agricultural systems. Soil erosion is a particular problem, and agriculture accounts for a significant amount of our greenhouse gas emissions. And still, agricultural lives heavily on fossil fuels for fertilizer, but also mechanization as well. Next slide please. But what's often neglected is the role of smallholder producers who live and work in very complex multifunctional landscapes. And we kind of estimate that there's about 2 billion people living and working in these multifunctional landscapes that are producing food in very complex systems, production systems, and estimates as to the amount of global food produced range from 30% to 70 to 80% Either way, that's a significant amount of food. And this produces a wide range of products providing individual resilience but also family and community resilience against economic and environmental shocks. Yet conversely, and in fact there are more perverse incentives to environmental degradation, very few smallholders receive subsidies compared to, if you think the western farmers of North America, or for the EU policy, the common agricultural policy, which supports heavily the livelihoods of farmers, cultivating on a monocropping based system. And here's a big difference is that smallholder farming systems tend to rely on temporary deforestation so Sweden agriculture managing for us for food in a patchwork of shifting cultivation, which is a huge difference to essentially the permanent conversion we're talking about for commodity crops. And smallholder farmers are recognized for their conservation of agro biodiversity, agro biodiversity we need in order to breed pest and disease resistant crops, and much of the developments that have happened in the last 40 to 50 years in terms of new varieties resistive varieties have relied on the importance of agro biodiversity. Next slide please. So the contributions of forest to food security can be summarized in two ways, the direct contribution so essentially, excuse me, the harvest of bush meat wild fruits and other forest source foods often rich in micro nutrients, providing both subsistence and sale, but also important for safety needs when agricultural systems don't perform as well as they ought. As I mentioned, Sweden agriculture is extremely important. So the provision of forest allows that farming system to create mosaic landscapes in predominantly forested landscapes. And in terms of indirect contributions, you know, there's a lot of work being done now on forest ecosystem services that support food production, and we think about water regulation pollination soil, nutrient contribution, etc. And forest generated income. So if you think about other forest activities, the sale of non timber forest products timber, often contribute towards language strategies needed for agricultural production, fodder for livestock and very importantly wood for energy and cooking. And in many respects, the ability to heat water for example to make it potable is extremely important to be able to cook certain agricultural produce to make them palatable is a major contribution of forests to food security. Next slide please. And this horrible spaghetti diagram basically shows what those contributions are the provisioning services. At the top there non provisioning ecosystem services and how they relate to the four pillars of food security availability access utilization and stability. Next slide please. So the number of processes to understand the role of forest and food security and two of those that I can highlight as a report commissioned by the international union of forest research organizations as part of the global forest expert panels did a very extensive review from 2015 2017 looking to sorry it was published in 2015, getting the forestry community to understand the importance of forest management for food security nutrition. I must admit when I first came to the Faculty of Forestry, UBC about three and a half years ago, a number of people said to me, my goodness, what the heck of forest got to do with food security nutrition. So, it really is an intractable issue. A lot of forestry professionals do not understand the role of forest and food security and conversely, the UN CFS Committee on Food Security Commission the report looking sustainable forestry and food security. And really that was focused on getting the nutrition and food security community community to understand the role of forest of food security nutrition. The other thing I'm sure we'll touch on this in this in this summit is it. How do we use those findings that evidence to influence the policy arena and get food and forestry much better interlinked food systems and forestry better interlinked and is the focus now on SDG to zero hunger. Is that really an entry point in order to do so. Next slide please. And we know that food production systems, as I mentioned, are extremely deleterious towards biodiversity biodiversity we all rely on. And if you just push the animation button quickly sorry. And it is possible to actually achieve food security and nutrition without clearing forests and this is a report from FAO that shows a number of countries have been able to do that. Next slide please. So there's a number of key messages so Vito just feel free to push the button as the animation comes up. Essentially, agricultural expansion into the forest frontier needs to be halted. There are numerous global agreements the New York Declaration of Forest State that there will be a moratorium on increased agricultural expansion into the forest frontier. The diverse forest and tree based production systems are more advantageous because of their adaptability and resilience, both economically and environmentally. The importance of ecosystem services are really coming to the fore in terms of our understanding of the complexities of multifunctional landscapes. Both food production, nutrition, but broader environmental and human health and especially so with the current pandemic and the hypotheses about how that originated and emerged. And so I mean I'm managing landscapes on a multifunctional basis, integrating food conservation forestry on all these different land uses can contribute towards food and nutrition security there's once last bullet point then Vito if you don't mind. And of course, realistically for us to trees alone cannot achieve global food security, but the point of our summit here and the discussions surrounding it is that we know that they can play a major role and discourse really has started to change in our understanding of how that change can happen. Last slide please. So I just thank you and thank the organizers for inviting me to present. Thank you very much. Thanks so much Jerry. And now, and Frank Roy from the indigenous partnership for agro by biodiversity and food sovereignty and is going to give us some examples of how forests and trees can be important in indigenous food systems. Over to you Frank Frank you're you're muted. Yep, now we can hear you now. The video is not working. No, we don't see you unfortunately. All right, okay. Good evening. I'm speaking from Rome from the indigenous partnership. I belong to an indigenous community of Northeast India. The indigenous peoples have a sacred relationship with nature amongst the castes my particular community and the currents of Southeast Asia. When a child is born, the umbilical cord is tied to a tree to signify the bonding and connection with nature. Indigenous peoples of Eastern Polynesia also have a similar practice. They vary the placenta of a newborn at the base of a food tree, so that the substance that nourish the fetus nourishes the tree. This sacred relationship with trees is given indigenous peoples the wisdom of walking softly upon this earth of appreciating all plants trees and preachers. This has helped them to be also very aware of the bewildering biodiversity of the local ecology. It has led them to develop ingenious food gathering and food production management systems. They plant many soil building trees in Sweden followers and integrate nitrogen fixing trees into Sweden lands promote productivity. For example, the indigenous peoples of Northeast India from Northeast Indus Southwest China have adopted eldest nepolitis as a nitrogen fixing species for a very long time. But it was only recently that it had been reported as a superior family species trees therefore are very much a part of our food system. This is indeed one reason why during this last two, three days at the UN Food Systems Summit, we've been shouting from our hilltops that indigenous peoples food systems are already existing game changers to build and boost nature positive production. And I hope that the food system summit will listen to us. The indigenous partnership that I lead and one of our local partners we conduct conducted a mapping of agri-diversity and dietary diversity in 32 villages of Northeast India. We found on an average a village has about 200 food plants, including crop varieties, mushrooms and condiments. A few villages reach even more than 300 food plants. We also found that fruits to be the most diverse category of food plants. Each of these are fruit trees with the one village having between 30 to 40 types of fruit trees, both cultivated and wild. Yet despite the richness of fruit trees, only 25% of the respondents consume fruits in the preceding 24 hours. We have therefore been conducting dietary diversity surveys using FAO's dietary diversity scores to raise awareness about the importance of consuming at least five out of the 10 groups where plants and fruits can play an important nutritional role. We've been supporting this drive with food festivals and agri-diversity walks where youth, elders and some botanist students walk through local landscapes to identify wild edibles, forgotten fruit trees and nuts and trees of importance for food production in Swindon agriculture and important for bees and other pollinators. These walks often end up near a sacred forest where a meal with the collected edibles as ingredients is prepared, often with some specially recruited chef helping community members to glamourize the use of local wild edibles, wild fruits and nuts. This has been quite a successful program that has been part of our activities. A few months ago we studied the prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity in 18 Indigenous villages in North India using FAO's food insecurity experience scale. The study showed that severe food insecurity is virtually non-existent in these 18 villages, while moderate food insecurity in 2020 was experienced at around 11% as against the South Asia level of 44% and the global level of 30.38. This is an example of how the local biodiversity, the integration of trees and other plants of the Indigenous people have been able to uphold the food security of all. However, more work has to be done to enhance the nutritional status of community members through a better use of available local resources of plants and trees. We on our side will be happy to collaborate with C4 and eCraft to find out how to use traditional ecological knowledge and contemporary science to explore the potential of tree-based food production systems, but within the framework of Indigenous peoples' food systems, and our hope to ensure safe and nutritious food for all from within their own landscape. Thank you very much, Amy. Thank you so much for that inspiring talk. Okay, now we're going to hear from Ella Traure from Solidagro. Ella, the floor is yours. Okay, thank you. Okay, my name is Anna from Solidagro. I am in Burkina Faso. Burkina Faso is a West African country. So I'm going to explain to you what we are doing, what Solidagro and his partners are doing to improve the hope to have more secure for food systems in Burkina Faso for our population. We are in a Sahelian country and we are another context, it is a population, it is a poor country. So we have 85% of population live with agriculture and they use forestry things to satisfy their needs and agriculture is not really sustainable. This is like you can see in the pictures, people cut all trees and burn and we have another problem of erosion by water. So with this context, we are going to propose solutions, Solidagro and his partners propose agroecological practice and we use right to food for all. So we use approaches about right to food for all. And what is agroecological practice? It is just to make a restoration degraded shawls. Yes, it is too fast and just please could you come back to the last slide please. Yes, thank you. We use a lot of practice about xi and natural fertilizers because we know in the event people use more and more chemical fertilizers, their products, their agricultural products going down and down. So it's important now to come back to natural products using agroecological products. Next please. And we use another products, this is assisted natural regeneration trees and this is better to plant trees in our countries because we are in a silent country. And we don't have more than 60, no 600 millimeters or 800 millimeters of rain. So it's difficult to plant trees because we have just three months of rain and the other month there is no rain. We don't have water to give trees. So it's important to make assisted natural regeneration trees. And this is local trees, it's not exported trees. Like a next please. And after we make assisted naturalization, assisted the regeneration of local trees, we promote now we have food and economic valorization of trees, of fruits, leaves, seeds, nuts, of all of trees. So this is very, very important. This is very important for populations because if we want them to protect trees or to plant trees, it's important to present to them what they can have after this work. So we present them a food, food valorization. This is what we can see in pictures. And we have another thing is economic valorization of trees. Next, please. Next, in the conclusion of perspective, we think we have good, we are in a good way, but we need to have better coordination between sectors like agriculture, forestry and other. We think it's important to improve a new mode of financing agroforestry parks and to have more and more farmers with engage with agroforestry. We think it's, we think another thing it's important to give a like financial and citative things to farmers. Because FNRB like this is that FNRB, this is agroecology and agroforestry work is not just for one or two years, but we have to work from a long term, like five to 10 years. So it's important to have a big support of governments or donators. Next, please. This is my last slide. You know, this is what we can have after five years of agroecology or for assisted natural regeneration trees in this picture. We prepare a plan so we have, this is another thing to have a committee marriage. It's not very simple to have words but this is what we can have after we work with our populations. Thank you for your attention. And thank you so much and your English was excellent. I'm really glad, I'm really glad that you were able to do it in English. It was fantastic and very, very clear. And so next we have Anna Euler from Embrapa, speaking to us about marketing of forest tree products and their livelihood opportunities. Okay, Anna, the floor is yours. Thank you, Amy. Good afternoon to everyone that are with us. I'm in the Amazon and I would like to thank Paul for the invitation and opportunity to debate such important topic for the quality of life of our society and of course for the whole planet. And also I would like to congratulate my colleagues that made the presentation previously for such an interesting and important contribution. So, I'm a researcher at Embrapa. Embrapa is a national research company committed to the development of agriculture in Brazil. Brazil is a country that exports food and feeds more than a billion of people worldwide. The Brazilian agriculture is very diverse. And I would say that we as Brazilians are very privileged because we can access food produced mainly by family producers. In the Amazon and this region and in this region food systems are even more diverse because we have a lot of forest and forest are a great source of food. And this forest food and especially forest fruits, but I would say also fishes and so are the basis of food security for a very large number of people, as I would present to you. So I think it's important to remember that our forests have been inhabited for over the last 10,000 years and the human presence in the past different from the present was very important for the conservation of this great biodiversity. Archaeological and historical researchers show us that in the pre-colonial period indigenous people of the Amazon have already domesticated or semi-domesticated over 80 species of food trees and other kinds of crops. The current research show us that in the Amazon forests, there are about 200 species that are considered hyperdominant species. What this means? This means that among more than 16,000 tree species are identified. These 200 species represent the majority of the individuals present in the forest. And I would say with emphasis for food tree species as Brazil nuts and different kinds of palms. This is to say that we must value ancestral knowledge to propose policies that consider the diversity of such food systems in the world. And I would like to talk about some, so now I will talk about some very important Brazilian public policies and I would like to ask for the next slide. Please. Okay. In 2009, the federal government has created the national plan for the promotion of social biodiversity products chains, which today has recognized 41 Amazonian food tree species that are relevant for nutritional for food security and for socioeconomic. It's important to say that these food tree species, they are produced in territories of traditional people in Brazil. And I say traditional people, I mean, indigenous people, rubber tapers, Brazil nut gatherers and so on. And, and, and this area represents 25% of the Brazilian Amazonian territory. So tonight, one product in a special the assaipau, a native tree of the Amazon, I will ask you the next slide please. Yes. So, the outside fruits are the basis of daily food for 1000 of Amazonian people. And this food reached the international market in the last 10 years. It's important to say that not more than 90% of the assaiproduction comes from a native forest, over one million hectares of native forest, and about 200,000 families produce assaip in the Amazon. This means a production of 1.5 million tons of assaip fruits every year. The 85% of these fruits goes to the regional consumption. So, it generates almost one billion dollar of income to local producers, forest dwellers, and also to local market. Only 15% of the production is exported to other Brazilian regions and for international markets. We, we say we like to say that assaip is a food that it's a symbol of the Amazonian culture. And again, it's, it's very important for food security for health for forest conservation and income generation, and not only for income generation in the forest or in the rural areas, but also in the cities. I would also mention that the assaip, it's, it's bringing a new middle class, middle class people in the rural areas, and another benefit it's like young people are returning to the, to the rural areas to work with cities. And the forest management and, and this track to visit. Assaip may open the market to other Amazon fruits. And we hope that in the future, the assaip from the native forest may recognize it, not only as one important source of food, but also as a product that helps the conservation of the Amazon, the conservation of the culture, the traditional knowledge related to the biodiversity, and that the international the national Brazilian market and the international market may differentiate the assaip produced from the native forest, and the assaip produced from monoculture and plantations that is already ongoing, and that we hope that the assaip production chain will not repeat the case of the, of the rubber and other Amazonian extracted product that had a cycle of native production and then migrated after for monoculture. Well, as the time is very short, I would like to conclude with my final remarks, please. The next slide. I would like to say that the, of course, the richness of the, of the forest trees in the Amazon is surprising. The federal policy now address 41 food, food tree species, but we have at least two or three times more potential food species from the Amazonian forest. So it's important to associate this, this food systems to the social cultural diversity of our population. It's important also to encourage the family diversification of the production, expanding the market for these products associated to their territories. Their traditional territories are segregating, lengthen your for the, for the local people for the traditional people in Brazil. And finally, to state and to say that that the dynamic conservation of these agree, agree food system may, may be included as a strategy to reduce the forestation and to increase the human development index in such regions that I have in the case of Brazil, the lowest HDI for the whole of Brazil. So the next one. Thank you very much. For everyone that are with us. And I hope to answer some questions and hope to, to make this debate fruitful and that that we can make messages for the cupola, the, the, the word forum that is coming. Thank you very much. Anna, that was really super interesting. And so, and we're time is running, running out of it. And so we had a few questions prepared for our panelists but I think we'll just have time for one. And so this question is for each of you. So, and we know from all of your presentations and from other evidence that forest and trees play critical roles in our food systems. They have been delivering better diets and sustainability of food production. So, as we saw as well in the Q&A, a few people were also asking about this issue. And Terry mentioned it early on, that they're still often overlooked. What do you think needs to happen to bring greater visibility to their role in transforming food systems. I think we should ease it. It's easiest to just go back through the order of presentations. So Terry, why don't you take care of the first shot at it. Other way around. It's a tough one. I mean, I've been involved in the two sort of policy oriented process new for consultation and also the CFS. When, when the CFS reports presented at their summit in 2017, late 2017, the political feedback we got was extremely positive. This is great. You're generating all this evidence. And I actually have it written in my notes, every single delegation who spoke spoke very positively about the evidence that was presented, the potential roles of forest and trees have that can be integrated into more sustainable land management, etc. Four years on what's happened, nothing really so that there's a missing link in the evidence and the policy and I'm not quite sure where that link is. I was on another call this morning and we talked about this a little bit. And of course we're emerging from a very unprecedented period of time. The last 16 months or so have been pretty horrific for a lot of people and a lot of society and a lot of the economy. And we're hearing this, we're going to come back better and all of that. And I don't know if this presents an opportunity for us to start thinking about the way that food systems are contributed towards biodiversity loss towards deforestation, because it's been precipitated, hypothetically by the pandemic in some ways or the pandemic has been the result of this incursion into the forest frontier and the evidence still points to that direction. And there's a lot of movement in the in the academic world but also in the development community to think about how can we have our agriculture in a much more sustainable way so maybe this is maybe the entry point or the starting point and this summit obviously is a fantastic opportunity to rethink those food systems. I think also the major problem that we have discussed also is the reliance on technology. It's always about what technologies can we introduce to improve food security when in fact the technologies are there. I talked about small holders, the complex management of these multifunctional landscapes. I suspect that we need to tap more into that unless into the the sexy technologies that have that will be great for the groups that have developed them but less impactful in terms of achieving food security and dietary diversity. Thanks so much Terry. Frank. I think what we need to do and accept is what Terry had said at the very start. And that is that we are functioning with a broken food system. And the second thing is to recognize that there are systems that have been in place for a fairly long time and with quite a strong evidence to support them that our game changes. I'm not so sure that this food system summit will reach there because from my experience, trying to push the indigenous agenda to see it as a game changer has been a tremendous fight. And not because people are against it but somehow they think this is a little bit of voodoo science despite the fact. So I would say the first step that is required, if we want to make a change is that one day to acknowledge and recognize that they are existing game changers in the world today. That's I think the most important point. The second is the misinformation. And all marginalized groups are considered as vulnerable. We are not vulnerable. As I showed to you, actually many of our villages have zero reach already reached zero hunger level. We have been put in conditions and situations of vulnerability because of our industrial agriculture, because of our extractive industries. So I think it's very important to respect the rights of communities, the rights of peoples, and the rights of women to ensure that they can play a role. And the second point I think that I want to make is that, yes, these traditional systems or the experiences of the past do have their gaps, but those gaps can be filled by co creation of knowledge that is intercultural I mean, the gathering together of traditional ecological knowledge, and also scientific knowledge, but treating them as equal partners. But when we talk of technology in ecological knowledge system women play a very important role in modern scientific knowledge, men in patriarchal values dominate the whole thing. And I could get those values to and build the agency of women if I may say to bring that. That would be my small take on the issue. Thank you. Thanks so much. Okay, thank you. For me to have more visibility for offer trees in our food system to perform a food system. I think before it's important to have trees. Because in our case, we are in silent country and trees are not really think we have. It's not the most thing we have. So it's important to have trees. To have these trees for us is the first thing we have to do to, we, I think it's important to train our productors, our productors to combine trees and agricultural production. So it's the first thing. And to a to convince a productors to plant or to protect trees. It's a very, very important to present them. So economic a valorization and after a show and after environmental things or or worse, because now, productors need to have food, but they need money. So the first thing we have to present or to promote it is the economical valorization of trees. So it's a, the research or other person can have can help us to promote what we can have after trees, we can use them after in a in foods. Second thing I can explain it's we, we have to make advocacy advocacy about the politicals to put more, more finance, more money to promote our agroforestry in our countries, and to, to make this advocacy. I think it's important for us to product evidence, this evidence it is about the economical and nutritional and apart support of trees. This is what I think, because if we, we have evidence to present a to politicals. And they can say yes this is interesting now to put more money in this way, because our population can have more money and can have more food, a better food for the consumers, I think we can save them, you are eating badly. What you eat is not good, it is bad, and to, and how to subsidize them to eat better. Thank you. Thank you so much. And I gave some really great examples of at least in Brazil, how some tree products can bring those income benefits. There are things to be learned from the work that's being done in the Amazon for Burkina Faso I know they're completely different landscapes but I think it's really interesting to have some of this cross federalization. Thank you. Do you want to take a shot at that, at that question. Yes. First of all, I think that's something that was really successful, and we had great impact was to incentive the, the, the local production, focusing on local markets, because we know and we love our food, and we have to be able to assess this food. But we go to the supermarket, and we will find a very reduced amount of disponibility of food, right. And mostly from agriculture systems. So, this public policy that I would like to introduce you a little bit better that was related to the public, the governmental purchase. So, we have public schools all over Brazil. So, if the if the so, according to the law, every city municipality has to buy at least 30% of the food school from the local agriculture, family agriculture. So, family agricultures, they produce local products. And in the Amazon, especially, they produce food tree from the forest. So this was very, this was, and this is very important nowadays to format. As I said, to generate income to diversify the, the, the food systems, and the most important and beautiful to protect the Amazon, because if the people have the opportunity to produce from the forest, they will not convert the forest in agriculture. So, to develop this market, and we are not looking at international market Brazil, it's a huge country, we have a huge population with power to consume. So, I think this is one very successful policy. Another policy was the social biodiversity plan that started to, to really to focus on raising information about this production chain that were invisible. When we say that that is our federal law that states that 41 products are able to be in the to be bought by the the by any public institution, and I'm not saying only schools, schools, hospitals, even the prisons with that we have a huge population that must be feed every day. So if at least 30% of the food that are served daily to in this public site sites are bought by are bought from the local families, agriculture families, these means a huge market for them, and these means a huge incentive for the diversification of the production. Of course, we have other strategies also to promote open markets, where to promote organics and agroforestry and agroecological certification. Of course, the private sector has a big role. Nowadays, a lot has been saying and talking about the environmental, environmental sustainability and government. The private sector assuming a compromises with the food security production chains, and this means a better relationship with with the surrounding producers and a better a better image to the to the consumers and local consumers and international consumers. So, in the case of a site, for instance, as I said, someone asked me, if the a site production chain was pooled by the government or the private sector, it was pooled by the private sector. But now, the government comes with a whole a pool also of public policies to organize this production chain. And as I said, I hope that yes I can be one flag species for 1000 of other species that we have here. When you put the assay in the in the national market and in the national market, we hope that consumers can be more sensible or sensitive that to other Amazonian products. Well, I will, I will stop here. I think that this is my contribution for now, but I just would like to, to say to everyone that's watching us now that from we have a lot of other delicious fruits in the Amazon that are completely unknown, even for Brazilians from other regions, and especially for the international audience. Thanks so much, I know there's so much to say. And I've learned so much actually just in this in the short period from all of you, and all of the different experiences and lenses for looking at these questions. So, we put together some key messages. Vito, could you share the screen. And so, this is just like the snappy short, short inversion. So, some of the key messages that the panelists offered before the talks that come through the talks. The first is that there are game changing solutions that are already exist so I think both Terry and Frank made that point. We don't necessarily need sophisticated new technologies to produce healthy food sustainably using agro ecological principles, including the integration of trees for food and for services is an existing game changing solution that humans including indigenous communities have used for thousands of years and that we can build upon. We're hoping that people can see, especially the summit these are messages that we'd like to bring back to the summit. So foods, not only provide us with healthy nutritious foods that are in short supply and current diets particularly fruits and nuts, but they also bring ecological benefits so why are we not investing more in these nature based solutions. So we, we advocate for recognizing trees as a nature based solution for healthy diets and the planet. And as Alan was saying in his in his comment, the sectors agriculture environment, food security nutrition health and climate. All of those sectors and policies are not integrated in most places. This is the last opportunity for optimizing the contributions that trees but also that agriculture can make for healthy diets. So we need to have more multi sectoral collaboration and joint policy development. And then, as, as Anna was saying in her talk, diversity in food trees species is associated with socio cultural diversity, and is important directly for food security so both Anna and Frank gave examples of communities. In both cases they happen to be indigenous communities with diverse food systems and diverse diets and healthier diets. In some cases than the national average. And then finally didn't make it to the slide or Lisa, I don't see it but the last point is a very simple one but a very important one, and maybe the easiest hook at all. The majority of fruits grow on trees, and we all know that we need to eat more fruit everywhere, almost every country I think except for three in the world, people don't eat enough fruit. So there you have it. Thanks so much apologies for going over. Thank you all to all of the panelists for very inspiring and interesting talks and thank you to all of the participants who asked wonderful questions. And if you don't didn't feel like your questions were answered. Please send me the organizers the questions and we'll get you answers from our panelists. So thanks again. Have a wonderful night or afternoon or morning wherever you are. Hi. Yes, Amy. You should get them to the secretariat. Very strong and aggressive way. Yes, I'll share I'll share with all of the panelists the the write up. And I think Terry also added one that didn't get make it to the slide and I'll make sure that everybody endorses it and then we will send it to the organizers. So thanks. Thanks again everybody. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you. Thank you veto Susan Gibson. Thanks for all of the support. Hi. So how about the questions that are in the shot we still can answer. Yes, we can still answer them. Well, yes, we'll put them out.