 Mae'r ddweud hyn yn fawr, bydd'n Chysylltu Gweithio, ddweud y dyfodol yn ei ddweud. Fe wnaeth i chi'n gwneud am y diolch, a mae'n ddweud i'r ysgol yma. Mae'n ddweud i ni'n ddweud i'r ysgol o'r ffôr i'r ystodol yma yma. Mae'n ddweud i ni'n ddweud i ni'n ddweud i'r ddweud i'r ddweud i'r rechordau o'r tawd, o'r pardigallau, a'r llwyddoch yn ddechrau. Mae'n meddwl i'r cwmemorau o'r 1915. Mae'n meddwl i ddweud y ddweud y ddweud y 600 ddweud y cwmemorau yn meddwl i ddweud ddweud ddweud ddweud o'r ddweud o'r sorgio Bryddoch i ddweud o'r 25 o'r boll yn ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r cwmemorau o'r 600 o ddweud o'r ddweud o'r ddweud o'r 15 o'r 500 o ddweud o'r brifwyr a'r ddweud o'r brifwyr a'r ddweud o'r 1915. First, I want to thank our professor Anne Curie and the Society of particularly Soviet Invitation and one more time thank you to Professor Curie for the translation of my presentation. I apologise for my English, which is pretty average, and my terrible French accent. We commemorate this year, the 600th anniversary of the famous Battle of Agincourt. My research on the battle and its historiography to my surprise showed that we are not the only ones to commemorate the Battle of Agincourt. In fact, there are almost 100 years during the First World War, French and English forgot the old wars of war to commemorate an important event on to share my history, the Battle of Agincourt. This commemoration was made by the passion of an infantry commander Paul Pinot, but also by the presence of numerous British troops on the soil of Pat Cally. Through this paper, I will try to explain what were the commemoration of October 1915 and try to present to you the presence, the English presence around Agincourt during the First World War. But first, let's start with a quick overview of the First World War in Pat Cally. So, the commemoration of the Pat Cally were all affected, ever directly or indirectly, by the First World War. The front covered more than 2,000 settlements of which ones, such as Lans or Bethune, were almost completely razed to the ground. And there were not a single town or village in the department which did not grieve for its death. You can see here a plan which presents the land of fire in Pat Cally, so Agincourt is around here. Here you have a city of Lans, which was very important for the coal mines, which represented a great important energy for the French of the Germans during the First World War. And you have here the famous city of Levera, and one more time, very important for the coal mines. And finally, you can see here, we are around in fact close to Arras, Arras is somebody here, Arras which was in fact the refuge of Pat Cally. Today, the traces of the war are particularly obvious in the department. The frontier zone around 30 km wide was the most seriously affected, especially around Papon and Arras, where, called 1918, there was virtually nothing left, not a single sweep or a church. In the Pat Cally, we can identify three main phases of the war. And these phases appear with these lines that you can see here on this card. From August to December 1914, the department wore the tether of which experienced mobile war, as the Germans had answered towards Paris through Belgium. After the outcome of the Battle of the Marn, at the beginning of September, the German offensive, known as to the sea, was launched. Each of the protagonists who were faced with the same problem, loss of life and materials, was substantial, but it had proved impossible to make any meaningful breakthrough in the lines. There was there before only one option, to take the enemy from the rear in order to surround them. The high command of both sides withdrew men all along the land in order to ensure adequate food supplies for Jews during this action. During this phase of the war, the front moved very rapidly. After being localised between 20 and 30 September at the Somme, 15 missions of the Harrier of Sample by the beginning of December 1914. For several weeks later, conflict broke out so that the front could not stabilise. The first Battle of Kip, October, December 1914, was a victory for the Harrier and stopped the German advance. As a result, the front was frozen and the protagonists dug in, creating a stand of weaving a system of trench, which ran from the North Sea to the Swiss frontier. This was the beginning of the war of positions. Between January 1915 and March 1918, there was next to no change in the front. Incapable of gaining advantage over each other, the protagonists focused on consolidating their positions by managing the network of trench, so that any advance by the enemy was made impossible. We also see new ways of fighting such as gas flamethrowers. This was the beginning of the war of attrition. In this period, the front cross-ed the Pate-Calais from the north to the south, passing through Lans, Levant, Arras and Bapol. In 1915, the war in Pate-Calais was the state of state-made. 1916 was committed by the Harrival of a new army from other Harrier countries to repress the French troops mobilised for a terrible battle of Verdun, which light us from February to June and cost a million line. The front in the Pate-Calais was no help by British, Canadian and Australians, along with a few Germans of French differentry territories. The following year, 1917, was marked by the battle of Vimy, Ridge and Harras, places of real carnage. In that year, the Russian Revolution and the deposition of Tsar Nicholas II liberated the Germans from the Eastern Front. Further advancements were brought back from that, from following the peace-seined with the Soviets at the beginning of 1918. The battle of the river Lys, won at the end of the day by the Harrier, provided a good illustration of the phenomenon. How to the superior numbers of the Germans seriously damaged their positions, the later did not collapse. From August 1918, the front was driven eastward. The end of the year, the final attack conducted by the Harrier, with in particular the second battle of Harras, and the capture of the Canal to North in September-October 1918, forced the German Harrier to retreat, and the Kaiser's regime to surrender, putting a hand to four long years of war. Here you have an idea of what we are looking like, like the main cities of Pate-Calais at the end of 1918. You can see here the city of Launce, which was famous for the coal mines, normally a rich city, which was destroyed at 98%. Small villages around Harras, you can see that the small villages were destroyed too. This is a picture from a private collection in 1915. Here you can see a lot of English injured by gas experimentants in Belgium for the first time. One of the pictures of the city of Launce in 1918. This one is coming from the Imperial War Museum. There is a lot of pictures and photographs in this museum. Harras 1917 and the hours of war. Like what you can discover in 1918, it was very common in Pate-Calais, especially in the hours of Launce. In Pate-Calais, the first world war had a devastating effect on the first and half of the department, which from closing north west to south, east to Glossongoëlle, the area between Lorette and Uimi, circling Harras on the east and continuing towards the Somme and Laupole. For all this time, the village of Azencourt in English lay in a French zone about 40 km from the front. Therefore, the village and his neighbourhood were a separate district. However, the positions of the area between the western front and the sea guaranteeing that the area of the Seven Valley Ternoir was always a zone of intense activity. So, you can see here the Seven Valley Ternoir. You can see the trap closed to the coast and closed to the front, which was relatively here. 40 km from the front, the villages of Azencourt, Maison Sèl, Trampour, Blange sur Ternoir and the Hamlet of Bucan were on many occasions places to rise for the French and British troops who had passed up to six months at the front. The French soldiers of 1914-1919, lucky for him, did not spend all his time in the trenches. Generally, an infantry regiment containing around 1,300 men was at the front for about six months. The regiment was divided into several battalions which rotated passing on average 12 days actually on the front line. So, other battalions equipped the trench of the second line and the overstood the other back in reserve. Hyperarchangerons from the front to the rear were organized. As a result, the soldier was almost in constant movement. He marched, he dug, he fought, marched again, rested. Then came Lee, which the common soldier came to Niquet in France recorded in Niquet. The soldiers waited for him patiently since it offered them the rest, the rest they so much disabled. The troops at the front left in order, it in order to be billeted in village while away from the front lines. Onts in these rear positions, the first day of rest were given up to sleeping and using the shores which freed the soldiers from fleas and scabbies. They took the opportunity to disinfect the uniforms, have a good look at the recruitment and to carry out any repairs. In order to keep discipline and morale much of the rest period was given up to training. Drill, parade, practising discipline and morale, shooting, training with new weapons. Opportunity was also taken to reward the followers by giving them decoration and also to integrate any new recruitment rules to cope ourselves for roses. So you can see here at a picture which has been taken in, I think, in 1918 at Blange Surter, who was at two kilometres from Hage Encote, you can see an English canteen. We never found the... probably the house where the canteen was. Probably the house was destroyed after the first war. A picture that I like a lot, you can see. English soldiers gathered in between Hage Encote at Blange Surter on the battlefield, so in 1918. Here you can see English and French soldiers discussing close to a aircraft gun. So this was took to between Frug and Hazencourt. 1913 saw the first battalion of Chasseur Rapier, remember? From the 13th of September to the 22nd of October 1915 the third battalion of Chasseur Rapier, so the Chasseur Rapier are elite soldiers. So the third battalion of Chasseur Rapier commanded by the captain in 1915 commander, Paul Pinot, found the German into the woods of Ersan Coupini, from Bruella Prisier. Artur Hasseur in this zone, the German invaders has been driven back from June 1915 onward. Life in the frontline trenches was not less challenging for the soldiers of the battalion who had held the positions for three weeks. You can see here the plan who has been made by the commander, Paul Pinot himself. So in the official diary of the third battalion regiment you can see the organization of the French trenches so close to Ersan Coupini. Ersan Coupini which is very famous in the battalion because this is probably one of the most debt-fully places in the department. So you can see the commander Paul Pinot who was the commander of the third battalion of Chasseur Rapier. So Paul Pinot is a very interesting man. He is the commander of the third battalion but it's him who organized in 1915 the Agincourt commemoration. He was born in a family in Brotad in fact and his father was a history teacher. So it may be that he explained what he made in 1915. Paul Pinot understood in October 1893 because of his studies and quickly became an important official. So he finished his military career in 1921 as a Lyodnon colonel. Paul Pinot is a very famous soldier because he was a knight of the legion donor which is a very important French medal. He was a knighted official of the legion donor in 1920. He was an official of the public school. He was an official of different orders in Japan, Belgium and Tunisia. The 22 of October the battalion left Ersan Pinot at half part 5 a helm and arrived at half part 6 pi helm the same evening. The commanders installed themselves in the Chateau de Tramcourt where the pioneers, machine guns and legion officials were built. The third, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth companies were built in Miseau Sel along with the tank and supply column. The 23 and 24 of October were given up to rest and training. The French troops were trained by British instructors from the first training in the operation of the French catapult of the French catapult, sorry, which enabled Hangulans to be sent over a longer distance. On 25th of October the commanding official has planned a ceremony in honour of the fifth anniversary of the Battle of Agincourt. But rain prevented it going ahead and it was postponed to the next day. On 26th of October officers of the third battalion of Chasseur Rapier welcomed the British general who commanded the first Dragon Cavalry Division station at Frug and his chief officer on the battlefield in order to honour all who felt in their engagement on 25th of October 1415. The symbol of peace and fraternity of two people who had been bitter enemies in 1415 but who were not united against a common enemy attracted the attention of the French and British journalists. They have left us a witness account of the commemoration on 26th of October 1915 and we can also draw up on the detailed journal of the third battalion itself. So you can see here an extract from the newspaper Lillustration dated for the 37th of November 1915. You can see here the Chateau de Trancourt. The Chateau de Trancourt is a early 18th century castle but at two kilometres from Agincourt. So it's one of the most important castles in the Terneuma set valley. The owners of the castle are the family de Chateau de Trancourt which still exist today. We can see here in the garden of the castle the third battalion presenting house to the British officers from the first regular. Here on this newspaper you can see in the pictures the commandant Paul Pino explaining the battle to the English officer and to the troops because you can see that the soldiers got paper too. It's very interesting to compare in fact with the newspaper because you have here a very big article from Lillustration. This big article has been written by the commandant Pino where in this article he presents the importance for the French and the English to commemorate the battle of Agincourt. This event of common history insist on the fact that there is nothing to see between the wars between French and English and between French and Germans because he said in this article that the Germans are not fighting with order and are rude etc. Here you have the English newspaper Lillustration in 1980 that Professor Curidd sent to me the picture you can see that the article is shorter but the essentially the title in fact, helpful brothers in arms so the journalists insist on the fact that these two these two armies these two cultures are no friends. And here you have an extract from the diary of Paul Pino where he explained what he explained to the soldiers of the British official so he explained what were the enjoyers war you can see here we have the sometimes of course but but it's also interesting to see that in this document he explained the importance of the stakes of mood the day of the battle and he's making a a comparison between the stakes that you have in front of the trench so it's very interesting to read 1916 the British relief for for the 155 brigade of infantry territorial Agincourt became the final place of rest before the battle of Ferdinand so a territorial regiment was made up of men still capable of fighting but it meant to be too hope to fight in the front line in august 1914 this flight for hold was born between 1875 and 1880 none of the less because of big roses in the trenches the lookings the lookings of this group nickel made with paper paper to translate it like godfathers were sent to the lands of fire in order to compensate for the enormous roses of the first month of the conflict territorial soldiers were in theory given to more static activities which were less exposed to danger the sort of activities were for veterinary work requisitions, administrations interpreters, highway service health corps, gendarmerie gathering of material arranging burials, maintaining trenches matching gunners installed at a gynchord the brigade territorial was soon joined by the first battalion of the 81st regiment of infantry and the first battalion of the 92nd regiment of infantry they were attitude as follow the central command the company of Rhan the company of Rhan the flag bearers and musicians of the regiment the company of machine gunners were at a gynchord the horse and bassmish at a gynchord the train of combat it's for the train of combat it's people in fact who are assures that you have a munitions in the harlot the second battalion had been in court and the tenangement of Croatia had been built on tenures the two weeks had been built at a gynchord who are divided by the exercises Meda Ceremonies On 17 February 1916, General Sebertin Zandair was tied across of the commander of the legion donner of the battlefield at a gynchord I looked at the ministry of war and left a gynchord for Paris on 20 February being replaced by Colonel Gouchard so you can see on this photographs taken in 1916 the general Gzardel and the Colonel Goucher standing on the a gynchord battlefield not far from the cavalry another time you can see the general Gzardel, Colonel Goucher Colonel Goucher the captain of the harlot and the photographer here in front of of the in front of the today's Presbytery it's the home of the Paris here in front of the church in fact and here a group of soldiers having their photo taken in front of the church in February 1916 so it's very interesting to see that for people who went to a gynchord very very known in fact this location today this is the place in fact of a village where you can park your cars and from the Middle Ages to 1960 this was what we called in French very interesting because in front of the church the map was in front of the church and between the old castle which was not a castle but only a fortified tower we have a representation of 1664 which represents just a a stock tower no more so the Saint Valentin wall was a base for the English behind the lines ever from 1914 and the first action of the war British forces were rapidly straightened by fresh troops coming from the wall of the British Empire the Papkeli and especially the territory of the Saint Valentin wall became a huge open-air barracks through which thousands of men English, Welsh, Scottish alongside Canadians Chinese, Indians, Australians New Zealanders, Gurkirk Sikh, Kafir or even Chinese scholars all men had a single goal the victory on the Hali after a regular perfectory training because the needs were so great the soldiers departed from the front in Artois and Husson commercial port we have taken over for middle river course every day, thousands of tons of merchandise supplies and arms were landed on the UK of Boulain of Calais and strong transport via Hegna before being distributed across the wall of O'Haraea a complex road river and rail network took all the materials towards the combat zone in order to cope with the sheer volumes the highway between Hegda and Ita was doubled from October 1916 the Heavy Branch Machine Gun course had its main base at the Chateau of Benucourt 1,202 cross 27 officers and 500 Chinese laborers were divided between the neighboring villages Blange sur Tenoise, Tilly Capell Umiere, Echlyme, Sothricour Pierrefour, Ernigour, Rolancour and Monchicallure and finally, Ehran where a factory of tanks Mark IV was established to cater for the needs of the tank corps, the valley of the Tenoise was covered by temporary tent workshops all supplied by more than a dozen highways lines the Pad Calais and particularly the 7 valley Tenoise became the lungs of the British Army Wounded men taken from the comparsion where initially looked after and the Pad Calais, for instance at Blange sur Tenoise where the horse piece was established in Saint Bertha's Abbey transformed men into a hospital in that location where I treated the North Elim Wounded who were also taken to Edam in the British Military Hospital and Saint Paul Sur Tenoise so those who could not be taken by ship to England through the hospital or along the channel to restrate this to a 20 or 20 or so hospitals were established in the Etab sector where 20,000 men to be carried forward many soldiers died there two days the sacrifice is recorded by the Etab military cemetery which has announced in 11,500 or which 658 of four Germans this is the largest common life war grave in France so here you can see a very interesting picture in fact of Ehran factory so Ehran is at 5 km from Agincourt and you can see here British and Chinese laborer working on the Tank Markets motors the Tank Markets here resucing at Ehran here at Edam so you can see French and British soldiers talking together here you can see the Royal Engineers so building highways close to Edam here of the English material hospital of Edam in 1917 and now we will talk about the first Chateau Trencourt Trencourt or Chateau for Engage to Stinguish Visitors always keen to support and encourage the soldiers Kyrgyl, George V who was also of India, did not hesitate to go to the front in person even getting quite close to the actual fighting in 1915 he decided his troops engage in the second battle of Arthoat Ahas in 1916 he inspected British troops engage in the battle of the Sond in 1917 he and his wife Prune Marie, within the former of his official visit to the western front spent 11 days in France and Belgium meeting soldiers at the front but also in VH behind the land more than simply reviving the memorial of the troops said that he tested during the carnage of Rimi and Haras this visit also had a strong political significance only a few weeks earlier George V cousin of the Kaiser Wilhelm II had faced an exclamation of anti-German feeling in England looking at to change his family name abandoning Saxcobour and Gota for the name of Windsor it was there before important for him to show his break with German and his full personal engagement to struggle against his cousin at a time where mutinies of Allied soldiers were becoming more numerous so here you can see another view of Chateau de Trois you have for example some English Marine official at Tramco in 1917 so there are most of these distinguished visitors who are coming to see and to visit the Hera Tank Factory which was very very very new for them here you can see the Duke Arthur and his son so at Tramco so at Tramco which was initially repositioned by the French army and later by the British the Chateau de Trois was occupied from the first world war from 1916 when the British took responsibility for the defence of the wall of the western front in the department the Chateau became a place where many soldiers and politicians stayed in fact the Chateau de Trois was considered as the second headquarters the main headquarters was at Montreux-sur-Mer from the third to the 14th of July 1917 George V and Queen Mary undertook an official visit to the western front visiting several locations in Belgium and all on the south hospital as well the Tank Factory at Hera the Monarch, accompanied by Albert I King of Belgium and his wife Queen Elizabeth who stayed at the Chateau de Tramco for one night there are no doubt appreciated opportunities of work in the back as well as a visit to the museum of the souvenir of the war Museum of the War which has been placed out there the Chateau seems to have been particularly likened by the war and by the Royals on 20 September during a visit to the Canadian troops Prince Arthur Duke of Connaught and St. Peter's Trotsderm of Canada uncle of George V spent some more time at the Chateau de Tramco with some Arthur Junior you can see the picture here and here you can see the picture of the George V Queen Mary and Vincent Edward of Roy the Tramco in 1917 here walking in the gardens with the Queen and the King of Belgium Albert I Anthony and Elizabeth and here a picture of the Museum of War Memorials at Tramco which is amazing yes it's interesting to see that in the Imperial War collection you have an English helmet which was presented at Tramco which is now in the Imperial War Museum collection here you can see soldiers from the Fiji Highland so saluting the King of England the 13th of August 1816 so one day before the tentative of assassination of the King George V at Tramco in effect in fact one wanting to be present at the last push against the Germans George V came to the front and chose the Chateau de Tramco as his base Informant to this, not doubt by the spy the Germans launched a dozen aircraft to bomb down the Chateau de Tramco whilst the King was there only evening of 14th of August 1918 the inhabitants of Tramco saw an iron battle Germans pilot looked at the target and then let loose their bones but military aviation was still in its fancy and the pilot misad their target the Chateau de Tramco was paired with that village of Ombrigu about 1 km away suffered of a attack a dozen bombs hit it by the miracle there were no casualties or skin-efficient damage since the bomb landed in an area of pasture of our fields this misfortune handed the village royal owners and a special thanksgiving ffet de la croco-dissence in French was organized on 15th of August 1919 to thank God for having saved the village thank you