 In this section, we shall demonstrate the flow of the temporal fossa and the surgical aspects of the terior. We decided to reflect the temporalis muscle from the side, from posteriorly and from the superior. And we can see that there is a defect here. So this is the temporalis muscle that we have lifted up here from its attachment to the posterior and superior aspect of the inferior temporal line. And this is the other margin of the temporalis muscle. This patient, because there was some surgery done, we can see that in this region, the temporal muscle is missing and there are some plates and screws and pins here. Now I am cutting the other attachment of the temporalis muscle to the inferior temporal line just to reflect the temporal so that we can see what is in the depths of the temporal fossa under the temporalis muscle. So we are separating the temporalis muscle now. So now we have completely reflected the temporalis muscle from the temporal fossa or the temporal region. In other words, we have completely incised the temporal muscle from its attachment to the inferior temporal line along here. And we have reflected it down. That means we have removed it from its origin but its insertion is still intact to the coronet process. And now we can see the flow of the temporal fossa. Because of the prior surgery, which I mentioned here, there were lots of additions in this region. In a normal person, when we reflect this, ideally we are supposed to see branches of the deep temporal nerve which are coming from the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve. And we should see the deep temporal arteries which also come from the second part of the maxillary artery. And they will be running here. So this is the region of the pterion. The flow is composed of four bones. Frontal bone, parietal bone, greater wing of sphenoid and squamous part of temporal bone. And in this region, they form an H-shaped suture which is referred to as the pterion. The significance of the pterion is that the anterior division of the middle-manageal artery runs under the pterion embedded in the endosteum. And if there is a fracture to the temporal region, then the middle-manageal artery anterior division can rupture and it can produce extradiural hematoma which will require a burr hole. When we have a patient with extradiural hematoma, we do a burr hole by splitting the fibers of the temporal muscle. Then we make a burr hole here and we like the anterior division of the middle-manageal artery. So that brings me to the next point. Given a normal situation like this, how do we locate the position of the pterion? There are several ways of doing it. One of them is take the zygomatic arch, take the midpoint of the zygomatic arch, go one and a half inch above the midpoint. That is the location of the pterion. Another method is to consider the tragus of the ear and go three fingers behind the tragus of the ear and two fingers behind the frontal bone. And where they meet, that is the location of the pterion. These are two of many methods which are used to locate the approximate location of the pterion before doing a burr hole. So that is all about the temporal region. Thank you very much for watching. If you have any questions or comments, please put them in the comment section below. Have a nice day.