 Our study found that probiotic supplementation does not have any significant effect on renal function or uremic toxin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease, CKD. However, it may reduce levels of peak resul, which is associated with oxidative stress. Further research is needed to determine whether probiotics can help slow down the progression of CKD and reduce the risk of developing uremia. This article was authored by Charathong Praian, Spencer T. Hatch, Wizard Kaiput, and others.