 good evening everyone am I audible to you yes let's see I hope I we we have to start nervous tissue in today's class nerve or neuron you can say we have left over there only tell me yes we have started a little bit let's see we were there with sodium potassium you can say system resting membrane potential were done very good let's see let's see what we need to discuss actually see we have done with resting membrane potential because inside was negative and outside was positive let's see we have done till here everyone yes now what happened three sold stimulus has arrived this old stimulus has arrived and what's that what is this old stimulus it is the minimum potential that is required for conduction of impulse agreed try to understand my point if you have to open up a door okay you are going to require some minimum force for that yes or no if you have to open up a door you you are going to require some minimum force for that agreed everyone yes or no that will be known as three sold thing can you be able you can say you will be able to open the door when you are applying a force less than three sold can you open no likewise sub three sold potential cannot be conducted getting my point it will not be conducted what happens three sold potential has arrived that led to opening of voltage gated sodium channel arrival of three sold potential has led to opening of voltage gated sodium channel yes or no sodium is more outside in the previous diagram you must have seen sodium is more outside and less inside around 10 times more outside yes or no everyone sodium is around 10 times more outside agreed everyone yes so what will happen over here in flux of sodium will take place what in flux of sodium in flux means moving in to the cell moving into the cell that has taken place now what will happen try to understand this is voltage gave voltage gated channel near to this it will become positive near to this it will become positive and outside it will remain negative it will be it will be negative yes or no if you are removing positive charge from here if you are removing positive charge from here what will be the potential over here if you are removing removing positive negative yes that is saying negative anybody else yes everyone let's see so because of movement of sodium ion from here just outside membrane it will be negative and here it will be positive yes or no only it happens only locally at the local level means near to sodium potassium sodium voltage gated sodium channel only away from this it will remain negative inside and it will remain positive outside yes or no tell me dear because of influx of sodium ion the inside becomes positive and outside becomes negative where in the area in vicinity of sodium channel away from sodium channel inside will remain negative and outside will remain positive everyone agreed to this agreed to this yes everyone let's see do you people know current is being conducted from positive to negative direction it will be conducted in this way and I have taken only one sodium channel into consideration this current will act as resolved potential for another sodium channel and it will be conducted like this all along the membrane agreed everyone yes let's see let's see now what happens do you know this membrane is inside it is negative and outside it is positive which kind of membrane is this this membrane is known as polarized membrane polarized membrane yes or no it is having two poles you can say inside and outside outside is positive and inside is negative this kind of membrane is known as you can say polarized membrane now you see here here it became positive inside can you think from negative to positive 0 will be there in between 0 will be there in between if something is becoming positive from negative yes everyone so when potential difference is 0 that means inside as well as outside the potential is equal is equal everyone the potential is equal in that case will this polarized state will be there or not that a state when inside and outside is is going to be equal that a state is a state is going to be known as depolarized the state yes or no what what is the reason yes are it is saying yes so let's see from polarized the state it is becoming it is becoming depolarized can I call this process as depolarization can I call this process as a depolarization can I call this tell me dear yes and what is the reason behind depolarization what is the reason behind depolarization is it influx of sodium ion yes everyone do you people have any doubt just give me a minute yes everyone tell me influx of sodium ion is responsible for depolarization now let's see opening of opening of sodium channel is short lived means it got closed now sodium got trapped inside it inside the exo inside the exo plasm inside the exo plasm of exon yes or no due to closure of this sodium channel what had happened what had happened sodium got trapped inside sodium got trapped inside now will this sodium repel K plus will this sodium repel K plus yes it is going to repel it and now this voltage gated K plus channel will open K plus has started moving out that will lead to efflux of K plus ion so what will happen this place from here you are removing a positive charge that is K plus this will become negative again this will become negative again you see all negative inside and all positive outside that a state is achieved over here again so from depolarized a state it is again becoming polarized yes or no it is again becoming polarized that process will be known as repolarization agreed everyone tell me dear that will be known as repolarization and what is the ion and which kind of movement which is responsible for repolarization tell me dear tell me what is responsible for repolarization K plus efflux great let's see everyone here here opening of voltage gated K plus channel is there repolarization now what is the difference between this a state and this resting a state tell me that here K plus is more outside slightly more outside and N a plus is slightly less inside sorry more inside less outside K plus is slightly more outside and N a plus is slightly more inside agreed everyone yes so how it is going to reach this a state now the sodium potassium pump will act it will take 3 N a plus outside and it will take 2 K plus inside everyone do you have any problem in this do you have any problem in this this is all about nerve conduction please do read 11th and CRT biology okay it is explained over here that much is sufficient that much is sufficient everyone pump pump is going to work by using ATP try to understand my point this is the pump it is having three binding site for N a plus three and two binding site for K plus okay when the ATP will be used this two K plus will be pushed in and these three N a plus will push will be pushed out yes or no everyone it is a means of active transport for now are you clear with this yes everyone a few people have any doubt in this you can ask now see here conduction is taking place conduction is taking place at that time I have put a electrode inside and one electrode at the surface and that will be known as what potential inside minus potential outside when at the time of conduction X and potential so do you people have any problem with resting membrane potential result potential and excel potential tell me that is it all right now please shoot C to it for a minute done with this yes are they resting means when it will remain potential inside minus potential outside let's see this is also potential inside minus potential outside and this is also potential inside minus potential outside but into two different situation this is at the resting a state when no conduction is taking place and this is at the time when conduction is being taken taking place yes or no always you are going to measure the potential difference between inside of the membrane and outside of everyone any doubt in this are you clear yes let's see now we will be talking about your nervous system few things we will be discussing regarding that just give me a minute let's see everyone what is your brain have we discussed brain in the previous class yes Pranab are you done or you need to need to see previous slide you are done let's see everyone now done yes let's see we are going to see we are going to see are we done with brain yes so the brain your brain is going to have following parts following parts and the parts are four brain midbrain hind agreed everyone four brain is going to have cerebral hemisphere and Diane Cephalon midbrain let's see in this posterior part here I have taken a diagram while watching from this side can you people see these four round swellings can you people see them yes they are known as corpora quadri jamina the quad word is used for four round the swelling okay and your hind brain is going to have pons medulla cerebellum is it like that is it like that everyone yes now you see this is your midbrain this is your pons and this is your medulla can you see them they are there in a continuity they are there in a continuity yes they are known as brain stem they are known as brain stem what all structures that are included in them what all structures are there which are included in them they are midbrain plus pons plus medulla agreed everyone agreed everyone now I will be talking about cerebrum see there are two cerebral hemisphere okay right rather I will I will be writing over here cerebrum agreed everyone two cerebral hemisphere let's see I have cut it from the middle and half part is taken away now you will be able to see only the half part can you see this structure can you see this structure let me take one more diagram otherwise you people will get confused just give me a minute I am taking one more I am taking one more let's see I will be discussing this thing in a bit detail now before that I have to take one more diagram from can you see this diagram can you see this diagram yes let's see everyone can you see this diagram I am cutting it from here into two halves and watching it from the lateral side agreed everyone tell me yes that is known as such a title section now see can you see this structure which is distinct do you know what is this this is corpus callosum what what do you think what is the function of corpus callosum it connects cerebral hemisphere everyone agrees to this yes let's see I am talking about this area let's see this area is like this like this see this is a depression known as central corpus in front of this this is known as primary motor area this area is known as primary sensory area agreed everyone what is the function of primary motor area general motor like motor general motor activity starts from here you are walking or doing anything else that will be starting from primary motor area responsible for general sensation okay this sulcus is known as lateral sulcus and here is one more sulcus this is known as perito occipital sulcus sulcus means the depression you can see over here this is there this is sulcus and this elevation is known as gyros yes or no everyone agree everyone do you people know about sulcus and gyros yes Ritu is saying yes tell me dear what is the function of sulcus and gyros what is the its significance yes I will show that to you I am saying what is the role of sulcus and gyros yes it is helping in accommodation of more neurons in less space yes or no agreed the more is the sulcus and gyros the more intelligent person is going to be the more is the number of sulcus and gyros the more intelligent the person is going to be yes or no everyone yes of course now these things are going to do you can say divide the cerebral hemisphere into frontal lobe what frontal lobe this is temporal lobe this is occipital lobe and this one is parietal lobe what what I have told general sensory area or primary sensory area they are there are few a spatial senses also this blue color thing can you see this is your visual area what this is your visual area cutting my point somebody will ask you visual area is present in which lobe what will you say what will you say occipital lobe yes they are a spatial senses here is the Broca's area for a speech here is the olfactory area they all are the like olfaction is also a spatial sense everyone so this is the function of cerebral hemisphere now I will talk about Diane Cephalon so yes could you show the diagram again please this one yes sir yes you can see everyone are you done just answer yes now we will talk about Diane Cephalon please see to it there are three parts that is going to be there with Diane Cephalon one is Cephalon second is thalamus one is hypothalamus okay you people can interact a bit you just imagine your room you just imagine your room what all are there there is floor there is roof and there is wall yes or no walls I am going to give you analogy getting my point actually there is one a space see can you see this empty space this is going to be your third ventricle what third ventricle okay there are chambers which is present inside the brain also third ventricles third ventricle is like a room its roof is going to be known as epithalamus hypomins on the lower side its floor is going to be known as hypothalamus and its wall is going to be thalamus now tell me what happens inside your room if you have to take voids for electricity connection you take that yes I'm going to repeat Siddha inside just imagine a conductor you can say condition when you are taking or you are making electricity connection inside your room what do you do what do you do voids are going to pass through the walls or in the center of the room through walls now similar is the function of thalamus anything going up or down that will go through the walls hence thalamus act as relay center I have told you people regarding hypothalamus in detail agreed we have discussed hypothalamus in detail everyone we have done that now epithalamus having one structure is havenula another is pineal body one structure is havenula another is pineal body have you heard about pineal body it is going to secrete a hormone melatonin and havenula is like a stalk everyone any doubt in this tell me dear pineal body I have taught you people know melatonin is there diurnal rhythm and all say yes or no what is a stock in the sense a stock is a small code like a structure this one like a stock of hypothalamus is known as infundimulum earlier we have discussed that yes or no a stock means it is not a stock it is a stock stl stlk it is like a connecting code liking agree agreed are it got it yes good Pranav you can make me host due to some reason I think I have lost connection am I audible Pranav is it showing now yes yes everyone let's see let's see over here are you done with mid brain so yes tell me so because you logged out of the meeting we're not able to send messages to yourself after that you people are not able to send me the message yes few of you are able to do that now are you able to do able to do that can you send me message now you can leave and rejoin so could you just send a message to everyone so that maybe then we can message you back let's try I have sent the message so can you enable us to chat with each other and then we can click on your name and chat again and then you can put to privately again so if you just click on the one that you just sent what are you saying so the message that you sent I clicked on your name in that so I can send messages now now can you see that are you able to do that now yes everyone yes now you can you can mute yourself mute yourself yes everyone let's see let's see here okay icons are slightly different in that this device that is why I'm not able to do that let's see are you done with mid brain any doubt in this yes let's see I will be yes let's see I will be discussing hind brain now hind brain now hind brain it is having three parts and they are they are pawns medulla another is cerebellum cutting my point cerebellum is popularly known as a small brain yes or no it is the second largest part of human brain second largest part of human brain do you know what is this responsible for what is the responsibility of cerebellum in your body have you seen a person see I am going to ask you a question have you seen a drunk person yes what do you think I am going to give you two condition one person is there whose cerebellum is not acting properly and another person is there whose primary motor area present in the cerebral hemisphere is not working what is the difference between them what is the difference between them see if somebody will be having problem in the motor area that person will become a paralyzed person means muscle will not work but if cerebellum will be affected in that case the pattern of walking is going to change yes or no that is known as gate g a i t gate pattern of walking in the medical language that is known as gate responsible for gate it is pattern of walking everyone everyone tell me dear it is gate that is pattern of walking and it out in this now medulla having many centers like it is having respiratory rhythm center respiratory rhythm center agreed tell me dear yes alcohol is going to affect the cerebellum only alcohol will slow down cerebellum only yes or no so respiratory rhythm center is there vomit center or ametic center vomiting is there no that is being controlled from here only it is having cardio vascular center the center which is controlling the heart respiratory rhythm center is responsible for your respiration normal breathing okay phones having pneumotactic center phones having pneumotactic center and apnoistic center just name is going to suffice you people write down I am going to join you back in two minutes just in two minutes please write yes everyone done with that for now we're saying how does alcohol slow down cerebellum actually alcohol is having getting moment alcohol is going to be absorbed from the stomach and alcohol having you can say property it will slow down the conduction it will slow down the conduction any alcohol or any drug you can say you can say many drugs that are used in mental illness that is going to slow down the brain so that over thinking should be avoided getting my point conduction will be slow down by alcohol getting my point everyone I have told second largest part of human brain which is the largest part largest part is cerebrum everyone do you people want to ask anything about brain now anybody having doubt regarding brain tell me dear now we will be talking about a spinal cord we will be talking about a spinal cord a spinal cord let's see I think a screen sharing has stopped no let's see dear we will be starting with a spinal cord let's see a spinal cord let's see first thing that you people should be knowing this is your brain and only that is going to continue as a spinal cord okay just a minute just a minute just give me a minute I don't know how I'm going to go to get to get to know him because I don't need a name yes he got yes he got Shreya or an angel Gupta Shreya Shreya Shreya Angel Gupta Jimi have a photo of it yes let's see let's see important thing that is there the spinal cord first thing that you should be knowing this is your brain this is medulla oblongata somebody will somebody has asked me sir what is the function of what is the function of apnoistic center and pneumotaxic center see are that the pneumotaxic center is going to see when you are running getting my point no pneumotaxic center will decrease your time of inspiration and hence the time of expiration means duration of your breathing will decrease and number of number will increase getting my point are it these are the part of mechanism of regulation of breathing are you getting it yes an apnoistic center what is apnoosis do you people know what is apnoosis if you have asked you should learn what is apnoosis it is arresting of breathing in inspiratory a stage which is stays apnoistic center having ability to increase the depth of your no abnormal pattern cannot be there apnoistic center is going to increase your duration of inspiration deep inspiration will be there yes or no everyone agree with me agree with me yes are it is saying yes then a spinal cord first thing that is there this is your brain brain is situated inside cranium agreed to this brain is situated inside cranium agreed now there is a opening present inside the cranium this is known as forum and Magnum what Magnum it is Magnum through that only a spinal cord comes out everyone agreed so brain and spinal cords are connected a spinal is cord is correct you can say is protected by by a bony a structure known as vertebral column is known as vertebral column agreed everyone everyone do you do you people have any doubt in this it is protected by bony a structure known as vertebral column this is a spinal cord now one thing that I want to tell you all I'm going to make a cross section of this this will be like this your spinal cord is going to be like this let me take gray color over here yes or no this is made up of gray matter and this is known as this is also gray matter only and this one is white matter first thing have I told you reason behind being gray matter and white matter have I told you why it is gray matter why it is gray matter tell me here neuron cell body is gray in color and Miley in seat is white in color my native neuron is there that will be white in color yes or no yes that is showing Miley in seat agreed everyone now see this is known as dorsal horn this is known as ventral horn which is gray matter now you see from that is going to arise dorsal root this structure is there on both the sides I am making it on making making it on only one side over here but it is on both the sides this is known as ventral horn what ventral root is originating from ventral horn have I told you people bipolar and pseudo unipolar neuron bipolar neuron and pseudo unipolar unipolar that kind of thing have I taught you people yes so let's say where have I told you people that pseudo unipolar neuron thing I must have told you it is there in the dorsal root of spinal cord it is there in this only let's see what is going to happen let's see important thing is there to be understood let's see actually this is known as this swelling is known as dorsal root ganglion now you see now you see everyone pay attention to this pay attention to this I will be saying over here one neuron is entering one neuron is entering see this is your receptor what is the definition of receptor that I have told you people what are they what is the definition of receptor tell me dear what are they only sense stimuli I have I told you they are they are transducers they change one form of energy into another form of energy have I told you people so see over here receptor from receptor this fiber is going towards the central nervous system so this will be known as afferent or sensory fiber this is the pseudo unipolar neuron it will come over here let's see from here only many neuron terminals are there exon terminals are there rather it is forming a synapse over here and moving out the factor organ in other pathway there can be one more neuron this is known as interneurone I am going to label all of them if acted to try to understand my point this is your forehand for safe forehand this is your fingers this is your arm you have touched something that is noxious heat or something you will try to take your hand in this direction will you do that you will try to take your hand in this direction yes so two muscles are going to act one muscle is this this muscle which will contract and one muscle is this one which is going to relax and what these sudden movement to any noxious stimulus is known as is known as what reflex action everyone and what is this path known as this part reflex arc Kaitri is saying reflex arc tell me dear what all are there in the reflex arc what all are there in reflex arc first is receptor second is afferent or sensory fiber third is interneurone let's see this one is interneurone fourth one is these fibers are known as efferent fibers fourth one is efferent fibers fifth one is known as the factors they are also known as motor fibers agreed everyone tell me dear everyone do you have any doubt in this let's see one thing I want to ask you see this one is also a reflex arc and this one is also a reflex arc what do you think out of these five which can be there and which cannot be there tell me dear which can be there interneurone is not necessary it can be there and it can be cannot be there on this basis reflex arc is of two types reflex arc is of two types one is monosynaptic another is polysynaptic I will see say search for examples and you can discuss me you can send me messages getting my point the thing is sit here whatever time we have I I'm trying to help you people in the west way if you have any doubt you can send to God officer he will send me or you can send me directly getting my point so you search for them now one is condition condition reflex another is unconditioned reflex or simple so tell me dear so out of monosynaptic and polysynaptic which one has the interneurone let's see polysynaptic means more than one synapse see over here this is polysynaptic so polysynaptic pathway is going to have interneurones yes or no agreed yes good question let's see condition reflex and one is non-conditioned or simple reflex a scientist was there named Pablo do you know what they have done dog was there he used to feed the dog before that he is going to ring a bell in the temple getting my point bell in the temple he used to do that daily one day he has seen that he is not giving the food just after hearing the bell dog starts salivating so that means dog knows this thing that after this bell food is going to be there for this previous experience is required required and for this no previous no previous experience is required everyone do you have any doubt in this tell me agreed like if you are going to touch anything that is hot yes so you're right the thing that is there what have I told what have I told you what are we discussing condition and non-conditioned reflex yes I was giving the example of non-conditioned reflex if you are going to touch anything that is too hot irrespective of previous experience is there or not you are going to be hurt and you will suddenly take out your hand from there yes or no agreed and if some food is there that you have not seen earlier that you have not seen earlier you will you are not going to pay attention to that agreed everyone so this is there anything that you people want to ask now one important thing now you see all these fibers the sensory fiber the motor fiber and everything is going to make a spinal nerve over here so a spinal nerve is sensory motor or mixed in nature tell me dear dear a spinal cord is all a spinal cords are how many pairs are there first thing is 31 pair of a spinal nerve is there and mixed in nature if you have any doubt in this you can ask me are you people following any book are you people following any book yes I'm going to give you yes and Seattle please follow let's see ganglion what is ganglion there are two words ganglion and nucleus there are two two words that are there one is ganglion and one is nucleus they all are a small processing units present ganglion is collection of cell bodies outside collection of cell bodies outside CNS and nucleus is also collection of cell bodies in nucleus sorry in CNS they are nothing but a smaller processing local processing unit present inside your nervous system they are nothing but collection of cell bodies only everyone please tell me clear yes dear now one more thing that is there is synapse one more thing that is there is synapse it is junction of neurons so what happens we have seen this thing now see this synaptic knob what they are going to contain this synaptic no knobs are going to contain what what they are going to contain synaptic knob I am going to make that only see over here this is synaptic knob known as pre-synaptic membrane now then right off another neuron this is known as post-synaptic membrane and there is a space that is going to be present between them and that space is going to be known as synaptic cleft what together they will be known as synapse this is going to contain synaptic vesicles which are going to contain neurotransmitters they are synaptic vesicles they are having neurotransmitter in them let's see they are the neurotransmitter what they are neurotransmitter agreed everyone yes or it is saying right thing let's see over here what will happen this is going to have they are the receptors the receptors for transmitter let's see what will happen first this vesicle is going to move towards this membrane it will fuse with the membrane going to release the neurotransmitter over here this neurotransmitter will bind to receptor and here conduction will start agreed so if somebody will ask you receptor for neurotransmitter is present on which membrane what will you say pre-synaptic or post-synaptic tell me dear pre-synaptic or yes agreed there are certain more mechanism but not required ok you have read and you want to ask this kind of synapse is known as chemical synapse which kind of which synapse chemical synapse let's see they are known as chemical synapse other types of synapse are also there inactical synapse but that is rare so not required impulse will come vesicle will move towards the membrane which membrane pre-synaptic membrane it will fuse with that agreed everyone do you people have any doubt in this any doubt in this please let me know no let's see one is reproduction next topic is reproduction what do you think what is reproduction what is reproduction dear let's see reproduction is a biological process a biological process by which an organism produces offspring like it in order to continue its own race yes or no everyone let's see dear let's see reproduction is of two types one is asexual reproduction another is sexual reproduction one is asexual reproduction another is sexual reproduction let's see dear what is the difference between them first it is with or without gamete formation it is with gamete formation only mind it with or without I am saying gametes can be formed in asexual reproduction also here fertilization do you know what is fertilization what is fertilization dear it is fusion of male and female gamete yes great here fertilization is present after fertilization a unicellular structure is formed that is known as gygot if fertilization is not there gygot will also be not there gygot is formed gygot is not formed and gygot is formed dhyandena here the offspring will be similar to here offspring will not be similar to parent everyone they are different from both the parent that they can be uniparental they can be biparental it is uniparental always single parent is involved it is uniparental biparental usually biparental everyone agrees to these things anybody have any doubt in this sexual reproduction is more advanced and provide a scope for variation and provide a scope for variation everyone yes you are right asexual as well as sexual mode of reproduction no issues at all are you people getting it now I will say means of asexual reproduction means of asexual reproduction or methods of can you people tell me few a few of the methods first is fission second is fission can be binary fission can be multiple fission getting my point then fission is there budding is there like in Hydra fragmentation is there it is there in a sponges getting my point regeneration can be there it is there in plain area regeneration is never a true method of reproduction it is not there tell me any doubt in this any doubt in this clear now I will be talking about sexual reproduction and one more thing I will like to clarify over here one definition because in a sexual reproduction as offspring is almost similar to the parent they can be called as clone what is clone it is morphologically genetically similar individual they are known as clone everyone agrees to this getting my point everyone all of you are preparing for which competitive exam IT or medical what is your goal in the you can say next coming year that I want to ask no this exam I know actually I am taking a class only yes I just to ask just want to ask in which stream you are yes yes this class is kebib you are that I know for now we are saying most of you are from the you can say J side only I think Shraddha is saying need else everyone IT others no issues let's see I have just asked for the sake of information only are you done with this now I will talk about I will talk about sexual reproduction let's see sexual reproduction let's see dear yes tell me anything you want to ask yes let's see what I want to tell you all sexual reproduction events what all the key event in sexual reproduction is fertilization fertilization it is the union of it is the union of two gametes two gametes means means male and female gamete male and female gamete to form jagot fertilization having events that is taking place before fertilization is known as pre fertilization event and events that is going to take place after fertilization is known as post fertilization event tell me dear any doubt in that no pre fertilization event and post fertilization event what all are there first is gametogenesis it is formation of gametes agreed gametogenesis having two events as far as human reproduction is concerned as per metogenesis and another is oogenesis as the name suggests as per metogenesis is the formation of sperm yes or no everyone everyone and oogenesis is formation of ovum second thing is gamete transfer gamete male and female gamete will be transferred any of that that is known as pollination in case of in case of plant and copulation in case of human and once gamete transfer will take place then the next event is fertilization once fertilization is going to take place following events are going to take place one is embryo genesis it is formation of embryo formation of embryo what all are there have you heard about morula then blastula or blastocyst then gastro do you people know about these these names see over here once once this embryo will be formed this embryo is going to be embedded inside the uterus that is known as implantation what tell me dear that is known as implantation what what is this process it is the process of embryo into uterus everyone agrees to this adit morula they are the stages of embryo I have told you people for the sake of you can suggest listening to these things not detail is not required morula is a solid ball like a structure that is formed at the earliest stage okay solid ball like a structure now embryo genesis implantation and then after implantation implantation organo genesis it is the formation of organ then comes part duration what do you people know about part duration tell me dear it is the process of child birth yes agreed part duration process of child birth one is lactation do you know people know these words it is the breastfeeding of child getting my point lactation it is the breastfeeding of child that is lactation yes or no do you people know all these terms I will be talking about human reproductive system human reproductive system here if you will see one is male reproductive system another is female reproductive system can I say human male and female looks different means human so sexual time of ism I will see or say over here human is a sexually reproducing baby Paris organism what is the meaning of baby baby Paris giving birth to child not laying down egg otherwise it would have been obi Paris baby Paris is giving birth to child or young one directly so I will be discussing with male reproductive system I will be discussing with male reproductive system agreed everyone hurry up and what are you saying please ask me dear hurry up and any question is there dear okay no issues let's see it consists of test test this is the plural form test is the singular form test test it is the primary sex organ what because it produces gametes agreed to my point it produces gametes that is what is the primary sex organ of male then second is accessory ducts and third is accessory gland can you people see over here this reti test is part epidermis part vast difference and all can you see they are accessory ducts for that I have taken one more diagram over here reti test is this one efferent duct okay vast difference then this is coiled part is epidermis this one is vast difference which is going through this and coming to urethra and coming out through this yes or no what all accessory glands are there seminal recycle prostate gland and bulb o urethral gland yes or no what all are the accessory gland of human male seminal recycle prostate gland and bulb o urethral gland yes or no everyone everyone accessory duct having reti test is vast difference epidermis vast difference urethra and all let us see accessory gland is seminal recycle prostate bulb o urethral gland agreed everyone no doubts in that now now test is having can you see this this pipe tell me dear what are they they are semi ferrous tibule agreed they are semi ferrous tibule and they are like this they are like this have you discussed this diagram before have you have we discussed this diagram before that germinal epithelium and all while discussing test is in endocrine system see this is semi ferrous tibule inside it our cuboidal epithelium cuboidal epithelium like this it is going to be lined by cuboidal epithelium and a few cells are there which will be tall columnar like this let us see these kind of a structures are there all over in this cell also I am not making now this is known as germinal epithelium from here only sperm are going to be formed now what is that detail this is certain cells agreed to this point they are certainly cells so if somebody will ask you semi ferrous tibule is lined by germinal epithelium certainly cells or both both everyone so this is there now can you see this space outside the cell outside the semi ferrous tibule can you see that I am going to discuss now only here these cells are known as these cells are known as interstitial cells because they are present inside the interstitial space agreed everyone tell me here interstitial cells or or leading cells what is its location what is its location tell me here its location is outside the semi ferrous tibule between the semi ferrous tibules yes or no certainly cells are going to provide nourishment developing sperm and interstitial they are going to secrete testosterone say everyone tell me here are you done with this are you done with this testosterone if you will talk about just few minutes only this is female reproductive system it consists of ovary this is the primary sex organ for the same reason because it is going to provide the provide the gamete the ovum getting a point ovum will be released over here and will be taken by infundibulum of calopian tube ampulla is there is thomas is there now what is ampulla it is the site of fertilization ampulla is site of fertilization here fertilization is going to take place agreed dear here fertilization is going to take place that is ampulla through is thomas now here fertilization will take place gygo it will be formed and this will move through this it is coming it will come over here and it will be implanted over here development will take place let us see what will happen after that a placenta will be formed this is umbilical cord and here the fetus is going to be there yes or no so this is known as uterus uterus having uterus having three lining you can say in in the whole three tissues are there one is endometrium one is a myometrium and one is perimetrium myometrium is made up of a smooth muscle it contract during during parturition and lead to childbirth yes or no so which layer is responsible for childbirth that will be asked what is your answer it is myometrium no see this area of uterus is known as cervix its canal is known as cervical canal this is vagina this is known as vaginal canal cervical canal and vaginal canal canal will form birth canal everyone do you have any doubt in this tell me dear few things are there you people can read from your ncrt will meet you all in the next class and if you have any doubt do not hesitate to ask yes or no bye everyone